Lipid lowering and antioxidant properties of total extract and fraction of <em>Anogeissus leiocarpus </em>(Combretaceae)

The article presents the optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE-CO2) parameters using response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) in order to produce single variety hop (cv. Ella) extracts with high yield and strong in vitro antioxidant properties. Optimized SFE-CO2 (37 MPa, 43 °C, 80 min) yielded 26.3 g/100 g pellets of lipophilic fraction. This extract was rich in biologically active α- and β-bitter acids (522.8 and 345.0 mg/g extract, respectively), and exerted 1481 mg TE/g extract in vitro oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Up to ~3-fold higher extraction yield, antioxidant recovery (389.8 mg TE/g pellets) and exhaustive bitter acid extraction (228.4 mg/g pellets) were achieved under the significantly shorter time compared to the commercially used one-stage SFE-CO2 at 10–15 MPa and 40 °C. Total carotenoid and chlorophyll content was negligible, amounting to <0.04% of the total extract mass. Fruity, herbal, spicy and woody odor of extracts could be attributed to the major identified volatiles, namely β-pinene, β-myrcene, β-humulene, α-humulene, α-selinene and methyl-4-decenoate. Rich in valuable bioactive constituents and flavor compounds, cv. Ella hop SFE-CO2 extracts could find multipurpose applications in food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetics industries.

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Antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant properties of hydro-alcoholic extracts from Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae)

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06648 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. e06648

Author(s):

Aku Enam Motto ◽

Povi Lawson-Evi ◽

Batomayena Bakoma ◽

Kwashie Eklu-Gadegbeku ◽

Kodjo Aklikokou

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Anogeissus Leiocarpus

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Crude Ethanol Extract ofPithecellobium ellipticumas a Potential Lipid-Lowering Treatment for Hypercholesterolaemia

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/492703 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Janet P.-C. Wong ◽

Sumi Wijaya ◽

Kang-Nee Ting ◽

Christophe Wiart ◽

Kamarul’Ain Mustafa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

The Other ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Hmg Coa Reductase ◽

Atherosclerosis Progression ◽

Bioactive Fraction ◽

Responsible Group ◽

Coa Reductase

If left untreated, hypercholesterolaemia can lead to atherosclerosis, given time. Plants from the Fabaceae family have shown the ability to significantly suppress atherosclerosis progression. We selected four extracts fromPithecellobium ellipticum, from the Fabaceae family, to be screened in a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) assay. The ethanol extract, at a concentration of 500 μg/mL, exhibited superior inhibition properties over the other extracts by demonstrating 80.9% inhibition, while 0.223 μg/mL of pravastatin (control) showed 78.1% inhibition towards enzymatic activity. These findings led to the fractionation of the ethanol extract using ethyl acetate : methanol (95 : 5), gradually increasing polarity and produced seven fractions (1A to 7A). Fraction 7A at 150 μg/mL emerged as being the most promising bioactive fraction with 78.7% inhibition. FRAP, beta carotene, and DPPH assays supported the findings from the ethanol extract as it exhibited good overall antioxidant activity. The antioxidant properties have been said to reduce free radicals that are able to oxidize lipoproteins which are the cause of atherosclerosis. Phytochemical screenings revealed the presence of terpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, and phenolic compounds as the responsible group of compound(s), working individually or synergistically, within the extract to prevent binding of HMG-CoA to HMG-CoA reductase.

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Probucol Slows the Progression of Cataracts in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats

Pharmacology ◽

10.1159/000496055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (3-4) ◽

pp. 212-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kentaro Higashi ◽

Asami Mori ◽

Kenji Sakamoto ◽

Kunio Ishii ◽

Tsutomu Nakahara

Keyword(s):

Horizontal Plane ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Digital Camera ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Protein Carbonyls ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Cataract Formation ◽

Camera System ◽

Dose Dependent

We examined the effect of probucol, an antihyperlipidemic drug with potent antioxidant properties, on cataract formation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic rats that were given 5% D-glucose as drinking water. Probucol treatment was initiated immediately after the induction of hyperglycemia was confirmed. Using full horizontal-plane lens images captured with an original digital camera system, the opacity of central region of lens was assessed by measuring the opaque area in the region. Central opacities were detected after 3 weeks of hyperglycemia, and progressed in a time-dependent manner. The majority of STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats developed severe cataracts after 9 weeks of hyperglycemia. Probucol slowed the progression of cataracts in a dose-dependent manner. Levels of sorbitol and protein carbonyls in lenses of STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats were higher than those of control rats. Probucol suppressed the increase in protein carbonyls, but not of sorbitol, in lenses of STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats. Probucol had no significant effect on increases in plasma concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride observed in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats. These results suggest that probucol slows the progression of sugar cataracts, independent of its lipid-lowering effects. The beneficial effect of probucol on cataracts is partially attributable to the attenuation of oxidative damage to lens proteins.

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A concise description of cardioprotective strategies in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicityThis article is one of a selection of papers published in a special issue celebrating the 125th anniversary of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Manitoba.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y09-059 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 87 (10) ◽

pp. 756-763 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Ana R. Lehenbauer Ludke ◽

Abd Al-Rahman S. Al-Shudiefat ◽

Sanjiv Dhingra ◽

Davinder S. Jassal ◽

Pawan K. Singal

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Animal Experiments ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Great Promise ◽

Cancer Therapies ◽

Cardiac Side Effects ◽

Tremendous Progress ◽

125Th Anniversary ◽

The University

Doxorubicin (Dox) is frequently used as a frontline chemotherapeutic agent against a variety of cancers. Tremendous progress has been made on its optimal usage over the last 40 years. However, cardiotoxicity still remains a major concern. The great promise in this matter is that the mechanisms leading to antitumor activity appear to be different from those leading to Dox-induced cardiomyopathy. In this regard, various cardioprotective agents have been discussed. Attention should be drawn to probucol, a lipid-lowering agent with potent antioxidant properties, which provides complete protection against Dox-induced cardiomyopathy in rats without interfering with the antitumor properties of Dox in an experimental setting. Clinical trials employing Dox therapy in combination with probucol are needed to determine whether the outstanding findings in animal experiments can be extrapolated to clinical results. We have much further to go before the establishment of cancer therapies without any risk of cardiac side effects.

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Preservation of Endothelial Function by the HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Fluvastatin through Its Lipid-Lowering Independent Antioxidant Properties in Atherosclerotic Rabbits

Pharmacology ◽

10.1159/000070169 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 121-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Hironobu Mitani ◽

Kensuke Egashira ◽

Noriko Ohashi ◽

Masayoshi Yoshikawa ◽

Satoru Niwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Function ◽

Reductase Inhibitor ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Hmg Coa Reductase ◽

Hmg Coa Reductase Inhibitor ◽

Coa Reductase

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Effect of Daily Intake of a Saffron Infusion on Blood Cholesterol Levels

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10144763 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 4763

Author(s):

M. José Bagur ◽

Gonzalo L. Alonso Salinas ◽

Antonia M. Jiménez-Monreal ◽

Gemma Serrano-Heras ◽

Magdalena Martínez-Tomé. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Crocus Sativus ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Total Blood ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

La Mancha ◽

The Central Nervous System

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), as well as having notable culinary value, has been traditionally used as a medicinal plant due to its bioactivity. Furthermore, its antioxidant properties have been evaluated, and it may have cardiovascular benefits. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system that causes a diminution in the daily physical exercise of patients. This sedentary lifestyle may contribute to an increased incidence of dyslipidaemia in this population, and could explain the increased cardiovascular morbidity. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the intake of a saffron infusion over 96 days on the lipid profile of MS patients. Considering the extraction kinetics of bioactive metabolites, the best way to prepare the infusion was by using ground saffron (PDO “Azafrán de La Mancha”), passed through a 0.5 mm sieve and infused with water at the boiling point (95–100 °C). A total of 35 MS patients took a midafternoon infusion for 96 days; 16 of them completed the treatment. A significant decrease in total blood cholesterol levels from 199.5 to 179.5 mg/dL was observed. Additionally, a significant diminution of triglyceride levels, from 124.0 to 101.0 mg/dL, was observed. In conclusion, the intake of an infusion of 50 mg of “Azafrán de La Mancha” for 96 days had a lipid-lowering effect in patients with MS.

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Investigation of Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, andIn VivoAntioxidant Properties ofSphaeranthus indicusLinn. in Type 1 Diabetic Rats: An Identification of Possible Biomarkers

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2011/571721 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S. Ramachandran ◽

K. Asokkumar ◽

M. Uma Maheswari ◽

T. K. Ravi ◽

A. T. Sivashanmugam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Sphaeranthus Indicus

The present investigation was aimed to study the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, andin vivoantioxidant properties of the root ofSphaeranthus indicusLinn. in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 1 diabetic rats. Administration of ethanolic extract ofSphaeranthus indicusroot (EESIR) 100 and 200 mg/kg to the STZ-induced diabetic rats showed significant () reduction in blood glucose and increase in body weight compared to diabetic control rats. Both the doses of EESIR-treated diabetic rats showed significant () alteration in elevated lipid profile levels than diabetic control rats. The EESIR treatment in diabetic rats produced significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels than diabetic control rats. Administration of EESIR 200 mg/kg produced significant () higher antioxidant activity than EESIR 100 mg/kg. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of EESIR revealed the presence of biomarkers gallic acid and quercetin. In conclusion, EESIR possess antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, andin vivoantioxidant activity in type 1 diabetic rats. Its antioxidant and lipid lowering effect will help to prevent diabetic complications, and these actions are possibly due to presence of above biomarkers.

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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Leptocarpha rivularis DC Flower Extracts

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Iván Montenegro ◽

Jorge Moreira ◽

Ingrid Ramírez ◽

Fernando Dorta ◽

Elizabeth Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Cell ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Tumor Cell Lines ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Total Extract ◽

Hek 293 ◽

Apoptotic Pathways

An evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity was screened in Leptocarpha rivularis DC flower extracts using four solvents (n-hexane (Hex), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (AcOEt), and ethanol (EtOH)). Extracts were compared for total extract flavonoids and phenol contents, antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), total reactive antioxidant properties (TRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)) across a determined value of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and cell viability (the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay). The most active extracts were analyzed by chromatographic analysis (GC/MS) and tested for apoptotic pathways. Extracts from Hex, DCM and AcOEt reduced cell viability, caused changes in cell morphology, affected mitochondrial membrane permeability, and induced caspase activation in tumor cell lines HT-29, PC-3, and MCF-7. These effects were generally less pronounced in the HEK-293 cell line (nontumor cells), indicating clear selectivity towards tumor cell lines. We attribute likely extract activity to the presence of sesquiterpene lactones, in combination with other components like steroids and flavonoids.

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The Effects of Avocado Waste and Its Functional Compounds in Animal Models on Dyslipidemia Parameters

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.637183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Elizabeth Pineda-Lozano ◽

Alma Gabriela Martínez-Moreno ◽

Carmen Alejandrina Virgen-Carrillo

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Review Article ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Preclinical Models ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Biological Compounds ◽

High Density Cholesterol

Ischemic heart disease and stroke are two main causes of death that have prevailed for more than 15 years. Dyslipidemia and its parameters like hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increase in low-density cholesterol, and a reduction of high-density cholesterol have been related with heart disease and risk of stroke. Approaches to improve the health and specifically reduce the risk of heart disease, such as medications and dietary interventions have been effective, but there are other potential sources of biological compounds that could have an effect due to their antioxidant properties. Avocado is a commonly consumed fruit especially its pulp, while the peel, seed, and leaf are usually discarded as waste. Some researchers have reported antioxidant, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic effects in these wastes. In this review article, we have summarized the current evidence on the effect of biological compounds from avocado waste on dyslipidemia parameters in preclinical models. Also, we have included the compound extracted and the extraction method from the selected articles.

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