scholarly journals The Trend and Status of Energy Resources and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Malaysia Power Generation Mix

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2200
Author(s):  
Siti Norasyiqin Abdul Latif ◽  
Meng Soon Chiong ◽  
Srithar Rajoo ◽  
Asako Takada ◽  
Yoon-Young Chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Past

Environmental issues in energy policy, especially global warming, have received more attention lately than ever before. Excessive dependence on fossil fuels, deforestation, and land degradation are the three main factors that lead to increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Consequently, the global average temperature has doubled compared to anticipation. Various international protocols and agendas have been established, pledged to restore the global average temperature to the 1990 level. As a result, energy policies worldwide have also undergone various transformations to align with these protocols since then. As a developing nation, Malaysian’s electricity demand has continuously grown in the past two decades. To date, the electricity sector is still dominated by fossil fuels. Government incentives have been the most influential factor in the nation’s energy mix trend. Several energy policies implemented throughout the past 22 years have seen the shift from natural gas to coal power in power plants, and in more recent years, renewable energy resources. Numerous studies in the past have independently outlined the status of various energy source in Malaysia. However, they all fell short in providing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Malaysian energy sector. Notably, the question that remains to be answered is how GHG emissions have changed in response to the amendment in the energy mix; hence, the effectiveness of policy change in this aspect remains unknown. This paper analysed the past and present trend of Malaysia electricity generation mix and the resultant GHG emissions. In particular, this paper focused on investigating the variation of combined specific GHG emissions in the Malaysian electricity sector, in response to the policy change within the past 22 years. This provides the insight for Malaysian policymakers to evaluate the effectiveness of past policies in GHG emissions and the measures to be taken in future. The finding of this paper shows the attention on the nation’s GHG emissions has evolved over the years, following the diversification in energy mix driven by the policy change. It was also found that, on average, it took a decade for a significant reduction in specific GHG emission to be visible since the government’s energy policy implementation.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy and EU 2020 Target for Energy Efficiency in the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Brożyna ◽  
Wadim Strielkowski ◽  
Alena Fomina ◽  
Natalya Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Eu

Our paper focuses on the renewable energy and EU 2020 target for energy efficiency in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. We study the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in these two EU Member States through the prism of the Europe 2020 strategy and the 3 × 20 climate and energy package and economic growth (represented by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that allows to measure the national dynamics and provide cross-country comparisons) without attributing specific attention to issues such as the electrification of transport or heating, and thence leaving them outside the scope of this paper. Both Czech Republic and Slovakia are two post-Communist countries that still face the consequences of economic transformation and struggle with the optimal management of natural resources. Both countries encountered profound system transformation after 1989 that are apparent in all three measures of sustainable development used in our study. We show that it is unlikely that the planned increase in renewable energy in the Czech Republic and Slovakia will reach its targets, but they might succeed in reducing their energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Our findings show that the energy intensity of Czech and Slovak economies increased in the early 2000s and then stabilized at a level about twice of the EU average. It appears that this value is likely to remain the same in the forthcoming years. However, implementation of GHG emissions in the Czech Republic and Slovakia may be at risk in case the proper energy policy is not maintained. Moreover, our results show how the increase in the share of renewable energy and improvement in energy efficiency go hand-in-hand with mining and exploiting the energy sources that is notorious for the transition economies. We also demonstrate that a proper energy policy is required for effectively reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. There is a need for commitments made by relevant stakeholders and policymakers targeted at achieving sustainable economic growth and energy efficiency. In addition, we demonstrate that there is a need for maintaining a proper balance between economic development and environmental protection, which is a must for the EU sustainable energy development agenda and all its accompanying targets for all its Member States.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Refrigeration Equipment in Malaysia

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Saidur ◽  
MA Sattar ◽  
H.H. Masjuki ◽  
M.Y. Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Refrigeration Equipment

This paper presents an analysis of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from refrigeration equipment. The refrigeration equipments use refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons HFCs, which are believed to contribute the ozone depletion and global warming. Refrigeration equipment thus contributes indirectly through emission due to electricity consumption and directly due to the emission of refrigerants. Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the burning of fossil fuels are quantified and presented in this paper. The calculation was carried out based on emissions per unit electricity generated and the type of fuel used. The direct emission of refrigerant was calculated based on emission factor and according to the procedure of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), USA. A study was conducted to evaluate the refrigerant losses to the atmosphere and the CO2 emission from fossil fuels to generate power to run the refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. In this paper, total appliance annual energy consumption by refrigerator-freezer and air conditioner as well as emission has been estimated for a period of 19 years (1997–2015) using the survey data. Energy savings and emission reductions achievable by raising thermostat set point temperature have been calculated for a period of 10 (i.e. 2005–2015) years.

scholarly journals Development of A Flat Plate Solar Store

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-85
Author(s):  
Oluwasegun M. Ayoola ◽  
Olawale J. Abidakun ◽  
Taofeeq O. Olajire ◽  
Oluwatimilehin E. Oluwajire ◽  
Adekoya Oluwaseun Abiodun
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Food Items ◽  
The Past ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Drying Chamber

<p>The most noteworthy advantage of solar power as compared to other forms of energy is that it is clean and might be supplied with no contamination to the environment. Over the past centuries, it is believed that energy from fossil fuels is less expensive and more helpful than energy from other sources. This research thus results to the successful fabrication of a solar dryer with tests distributed for various performance comparisons like No-load and load performance of the dryer. Direct sun-drying comparisons depicted discernable contrasts within the final moisture content specified. The utmost temperature recorded within the drying chamber and solar dish for No-load are 44.5  and 52  respectively. Whereas when the cupboard is loaded, the highest temperature of 34.5  and least temperature of 23   are recorded. An average temperature of 27  was obtained, thereby giving the solar dryer an exegetic efficiency between 70% and 80%. Performances of the tests were done from 9am to 5pm. The solar store that was designed to heat to the drying chamber within the night was found to possess its most elevated temperature at 43 . These performance results were achievable due to daily precipitation, and in some cases, cloudy days when the sun was not shining at its peak. The load outcome was done with red-sweet pepper and yam food items.</p>

scholarly journals National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory – Romania

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian PROOROCU ◽  
Sorin DEACONU ◽  
Mihaela SMARANDACHE
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Great Probability ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
National Inventory ◽  
Commitment Period ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

As a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and its Kyoto Protocol, Romania is required to elaborate, regularly update and submit the national GHG Inventory. In compliance with the reporting requirements, Romania submitted in 2010 its ninth version of the National Inventory Report (NIR) covering the national inventories of GHG emissions/removals for the period 1989-2008. The inventories cover all sectors: Energy, Industrial Processes, Solvent and other product use, Agriculture, LULUCF and Waste. The direct GHGs included in the national inventory are: Carbon dioxide (CO2); Methane (CH4); Nitrous oxide (N2O); Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); Perfluorocarbons (PFCs); Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). The emissions trend over the 1989-2008 period reflects the changes characterized by a process of transition to a market economy. With the entire economy in transition, some energy intensive industries reduced their activities and this is reflected in the GHG emissions reduction. Energy represents the most important sector in Romania, accounting for about 69% of the total national GHG emissions in 2008. The most significant anthropogenic greenhouse gas is the carbon dioxide. The decrease of CO2 emissions is caused by the decline of the amount of fossil fuels burnt in the energy sector, as a consequence of activity decline. According to the figures, there is a great probability for Romania to meet the Kyoto Protocol commitments on the limitation of the GHG emissions in the 2008-2012 commitment period.

scholarly journals The Problem with People

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Change Problem ◽  
Energy Supply Security

Climate change has become a critical political issue in the past twenty years. However, there is a related issue that is often overlooked by governments, industry, and the public: energy supply security, defined by the IAEA (2007) as “...the ability of a nation to muster the energy resources needed to ensure its welfare” (n.p.). Conventional energy requires the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide, the primary driver behind climate change (Pulles & Amstel, 2010, p. 4). Because of this, the problems of our dependence on fossil fuels and carbon fuelled global warming are interrelated. As such, solving the climate change problem may mitigate energy concerns. However, the potentially disastrous consequences of climate change will not be felt immediately while energy is critical to our daily survival; so, energy issues are arguably a more pressing concern.

scholarly journals CONSUMPTION-BASED AND EMBODIED CARBON IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR APEC’S LOW-CARBON MODEL TOWN PROJECT

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
David A. Ness ◽  
Ke Xing
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Embodied Carbon

ABSTRACT In accordance with international protocols and directions, the APEC Energy Working Group has concentrated on constraining operational energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in cities across the Asia Pacific, especially from the widespread consumption of fossil fuels. In addition to economy level policies and recognising the different characteristics within the region, APEC has sought to take action at the town/city level via the Low-Carbon Model Town (LCMT) project, including the development of self-assessment tools and indicator systems. However, the “low carbon” landscape is changing. There is increasing recognition of embodied carbon, accompanied by the emergence of methods for its measurement, while the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group has recently highlighted the significance of consumption-based carbon. Similarly, the Greenhouse Gas Protocol for Cities (GPC) is likely to extend its ambit from Scope 1 GHG emissions, derived from energy use within a city boundaries, and Scope 2 emissions from grid-supplied electricity, heating and / or cooling, to Scope 3 emissions derived from materials and goods produced outside the boundaries of a city but associated with construction within that city. After describing these emerging approaches and the current landscape, the paper examines the significance and implications of these changes for APEC approaches, especially in relation to the LCMT project, its indicators and the varying characteristics of towns and cities within the Asia-Pacific region. Special attention is given to the built environment, which is known to be a major contributor to operational and embodied emissions. Consistent with the theme of the Asia-Pacific Energy Sustainable Development Forum covering “sustainable development of energy and the city,” a case is put forward for the current APEC approach to be extended to encompass both embodied and consumption-based emissions.

Inventory of greenhouse gas emissions and removals in Kaluga region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju. M. Zhukova ◽  
M.Yu. Zavarzina ◽  
T.M. Prokhorova
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Kaluga Region

Climate change, namely global warming, remains at the forefront of the global environmental debate. At present, the international Paris Agreement, which aims to maintain the average temperature of the planet, is in force. The Russian Federation develops, annually updates, publishes and provides a national inventory of anthropogenic emissions and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases. Each region shall annually conduct an inventory of greenhouse gas emissions and removals on its territory. According to international recommendations and methods for estimating greenhouse gas emissions and removals, the base year should be 1990, because then it becomes possible to carry out an analysis for a multi-year period. Different methodological bases and instructions of the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources are used to estimate GHG emissions and removals. Inventory of greenhouse gas emissions and removals in Kaluga region for the period 1990, 2012-2017 was conducted by JSC "Research Institute of Atmosphere", and for 2018 – LLC Ecoanalitika. The amount of absorbed greenhouse gases was considered for such land categories as forest land, arable land, fodder land, lands of settlements and special purpose lands. GHG emissions were estimated by the sectors "Energy" (Section I), "Industrial Processes and Product Use" (PIP) (Section II), "Agriculture" (Section III) and "Waste" (Section IV). The calculation of greenhouse gas emissions may be of varying complexity. The higher the level of complexity, the more accurate the results. Presented data for 1990, 2012-2018 show that GHG emissions excluding absorption increased by 5 per cent, while emissions excluding absorption decreased by 38 per cent. The presented chart shows that the largest amount of emissions is in the Energy Sector. The results of the assessment of GHG emissions and removals should be used in planning the development of the annual inventory.

EU Energieunion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Logan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Energy Union ◽  
Eu Energy Policy ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Crises and conflicts over limited energy resources together with Europe's import dependency on fossil fuels and the challenges posed by climate change have increasingly put energy policy on the European agenda. EU energy policy and the Energy Union made remarkable progress during the second Barroso Commission and the Juncker Commission, even in areas that traditionally lie in the sphere of national decision-making. This book takes stock of the last two commissions and examines the influence of external factors as well as political actors and their ambitions on integration in the area of EU energy policy.

A Changing Dynamic: The Need for Collaboration on Talent Development and Climate Change in the E&P Industry

2007 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 05-10
Author(s):  
_ Talent & Technology
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Talent Development ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Critical Issues

Feature - In late June, 2007 SPE President Abdul-Jaleel Al-Khalifa hosted an executive industry wide summit with 75 global leaders to advance cross-sector collaboration on two critical issues facing the oil and gas industry. Talent scarcity has been a pressing and recurring item on company agendas for several years. On the technology front, the heightened focus on climate change and greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions from fossil fuels is expected to influence many areas including media, legislation, and policymaking. The oil and gas industry has been actively involved in various technology projects to promote carbon sequestration. The summit provided a venue to frame and boost an industry position on this critical and widely publicized subject.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document