scholarly journals Structure Optimization of a High-Temperature Oxygen-Membrane Module Using Finite Element Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4992
Author(s):  
Dong Gyu Lee ◽  
Ji Woo Nam ◽  
Soo-Hyun Kim ◽  
Seong Wook Cho
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Irregular Structure ◽  
Structural Weakness ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
Oxygen Membrane ◽  
Oxygen Transport Membrane

The oxygen transport membrane (OTM) is a high-density ion-conducting ceramic membrane that selectively transfers oxygen ions and electrons through the pressure differential across its layers. It can operate at more than 800 °C and serves as an economical method for gas separation. However, it is difficult to predict the material properties of the OTM through experiments or analyses because its structure contains pores and depends on the characteristics of the ceramic composite. In addition, the transmittance of porous ceramic materials fluctuates strongly owing to their irregular structure and arbitrary shape, making it difficult to design such materials using conventional methods. This study analyzes the structural weakness of an OTM using CAE software (ANSYS Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA). To enhance the structural strength, a structurally optimized design of the OTM was proposed by identifying the relevant geometric parameters.

Application of the ceramic membrane with hydrophobic skin layer to separation of activated sludge

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Nomura ◽  
Takao Fujii ◽  
Motoyuki Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Porous Membrane ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Gas Permeation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cake Layer

Porous membrane of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) was formed on the surface of porous ceramic tubes by means of heat treatment of the PTFE particles deposit layer prepared by filtering PTFE microparticles emulsified in aqueous phase. By means of inert gas permeation, pore size was determined and compared with scanning electron micrograph observation. Also rejection measurement of aqueous dextran solutions of wide range of molecular weights showed consistent results regarding the pore size. Since the membrane prepared by this method is stable and has unique features derived from PTFE, it is expected that the membrane has interesting applications in the field of water treatment. Membrane separation of activated sludge by this composite membrane and original ceramics membrane showed that the PTFE membrane gives better detachability of the cake layer formed on the membrane. This might be due to the hydrophobic nature of the PTFE skin layer.

Perspective Biomass Carrier for Anaerobic Processing Systems of Organic Waste AIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Anatoliy V. Fedotov ◽  
Viktor S. Grigoriev ◽  
Dmitriy A. Kovalev ◽  
Andrey A. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Developed Surface ◽  
Highly Porous

To speed up the wastewater treatment under aerobic conditions and to optimize the processes of anaerobic wastewater treatment in digesters, immobilization technologies of microorganisms and enzymes on solid carriers are used. Ceramic carriers based on aluminosilicates and alumina are one of the promising inorganic biomass carriers. (Research purpose) To study the structure of porous ceramic biomass carriers for anaerobic processing of organic waste and evaluate the prospects for their use. (Materials and methods) The substrate for anaerobic digestion was a mixture of sediments of the primary and secondary sewage sumps of the Lyubertsy treatment facilities. K-65 cattle feed was used to ensure the constancy of the composition of organic substances in substrates as a cosubstrate. The authors used the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption of Bruner-Emmett-Teller to study the pore structure and specific surface of solid carriers on a specific surface analyzer Quntachrome Autosorb-1. (Results and discussion) The main characteristics (specific surface, volume of micro- and mesopores, predominant pore radius, water absorption and others) of chamotte foam lightweight and highly porous corundum ceramics were determined. It was revealed that ceramic materials with a developed surface and electrically conductive material provided an increase in biogas yield by 3.8-3.9 percent with an increase in methane content by an average of 5 percent. (Conclusions) The results of anaerobic digestion showed a positive effect of both a conductive carrier and highly porous ceramic materials on the process of anaerobic bioconversion of organic waste into biogas. It is advisable to expand experimental studies on the use of a conductive carrier with a developed surface based on highly porous ceramics.

scholarly journals Production of Porous Ceramic Materials from Spent Fluorescent Lamps

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6056
Author(s):  
Egle Rosson ◽  
Acacio Rincón Rincón Romero ◽  
Denis Badocco ◽  
Federico Zorzi ◽  
Paolo Sgarbossa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Commercial Glass ◽  
Triton X

Spent fluorescent lamps (SFL) are classified as hazardous materials in the European Waste Catalogue, which includes residues from various hi-tech devices. The most common end-of-life treatment of SFL consists in the recovery of rare earth elements from the phosphor powders, with associated problems in the management of the glass residues, which are usually landfilled. This study involves the manufacturing of porous ceramics from both the coarse glass-rich fraction and the phosphor-enriched fraction of spent fluorescent lamps. These porous materials, realizing the immobilization of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) within a glass matrix, are suggested for application in buildings as thermal and acoustic insulators. The proposed process is characterized by: (i) alkaline activation (2.5 M or 1 M NaOH aqueous solution); (ii) pre-curing at 75 °C; (iii) the addition of a surfactant (Triton X-100) for foaming at high-speed stirring; (iv) curing at 45 °C; (v) viscous flow sintering at 700 °C. All the final porous ceramics present a limited metal leaching and, in particular, the coarse glass fraction activated with 2.5 M NaOH solution leads to materials comparable to commercial glass foams in terms of mechanical properties.

Mass Transfer in Tubular Ceramic Membranes for Polluted Water Treatment - Numerical Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Saraiva de Souza ◽  
S. José dos Santos Filho ◽  
Severino Rodrigues de Farias Neto ◽  
A.G. Barbosa de Lima ◽  
H.A. Luma Fernandes Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Water Separation

Innovative technologies are needed to attend the increasingly strict requirements for produced water treatment, since most of the separation processes are limited to particles larger than 10 μm. Separation processes using ceramic membranes are attracting great interest from academic and industrial community. Nevertheless, few studies, especially numerical, regarding the inorganic membrane’s application for the polluted water separation have been reported. In the present work, therefore, a study of fluid-flow dynamics for a laminar regime in porous tubes (tubular porous ceramic membrane) has been performed. The mass, momentum and mass transport conservation equations were solved with the aid of a structured mesh using ANSYS CFX commercial package. The velocity of local permeation was determined using the resistance in series model. The specific resistance of the polarized layer was obtained by Carman-Kozeny equation. The numerical results were evaluated and compared with the results available in the literature, where by a good agreement with each other was found. The numerical results, obtained by the proposed shell and tubular membrane separation module, indicate that there is facilitation of mass transfer and hence a reduction in the thickness of the polarized boundary layer occurs.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Porous Ceramic Membranes for Micro-Filtration from Clay/CuZn Using Extrusion Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 08015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muh Amin ◽  
Muhammad Subri
Keyword(s):  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Support ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

In this study, fabrication and characterization of ceramic membranes preparation was carried out. Porous ceramic membranes were fabricated by extrusion process from different percentage composition of CuZn on (80 wt% Clay, 10 wt% TiO2, 5 wt% Carbon and 5 wt% PVA). The fabricated membranes were sintered at 900°C for 1 hour in an electrical box furnace with heating rate 1oC/min and holding time for 1 hour. Apparent density and porosity were determined by standar methods for ceramic materials. Phase composition of the ceramic support was established by X-Ray Diffraction analysis. SEM studies of the membranes added at different CuZn were carried out.

scholarly journals Centrifugal Infiltration of Porous Ceramic Preforms by the Liquid Al Alloy – Theoretical Background and Experimental Verification

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Dolata
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Ceramic Preform ◽  
Porous Ceramic Materials

The goal of this work is the description of phenomena occurring during centrifugal infiltration of porous ceramic materials by liquid Al alloy. In this method, the pressure required to infiltration of liquid metal into pores of ceramic is generated by centrifugal force. From the beginning it was assumed that the porous ceramic material will create reinforcement layer in specific area of the casting. The forces that influence on the liquid metal during mould centrifugation and heat exchange between ceramic preform and metal alloy within the area of the front of infiltration were considered in the analysis. The paper presents also selected experiment results.

scholarly journals Smart ceramic materials for homogeneous combustion in internal combustion engines: A review

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannan Chidambaram ◽  
Tamilporai Packirisamy
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Emission Level ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Homogeneous Combustion ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
Porous Ceramic Materials

The advantages of using ceramics in advanced heat engines include increased fuel efficiency due to higher engine operating temperatures, more compact designs with lower capacity cooling system. Future internal combustion engines will be characterized by near zero emission level along with low specific fuel consumption. Homogenous combustion which realized inside the engine cylinder has the potential of providing near zero emission level with better fuel economy. However, the accomplishment of homogeneous combustion depends on the air flow structure inside the combustion chamber, fuel injection conditions and turbulence as well as ignition conditions. Various methods and procedures are being adopted to establish the homogeneous combustion inside the engine cylinder. In recent days, porous ceramic materials are being introduced inside the combustion chamber to achieve the homogeneous combustion. This paper investigates the desirable structures, types, and properties of such porous ceramic materials and their positive influence on the combustion process.

Preparation of Macroporous Ceramic Materials by Using Aluminium Powder as Foaming Agent

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurulfazielah Nasir ◽  
Ridhwan Jumaidin ◽  
Hady Efendy ◽  
Mohd Zulkefli Selamat ◽  
Goh Keat Beng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Porous Alumina ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Alumina Ceramic ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Aluminium Powder

Aluminium powder was used as foaming agent in the production of macro-porous alumina ceramic. The porous ceramic material was developed by mixing an appropriate composition of cement, aluminium powder (Al), alumina (Al2O3), calcium oxide (CaO), gypsum (calcium sulphate dehydrate, CaSO4.2H2O), silica powder and deionized water. Different compositions of porous ceramic were produced at 2wt.%, 3wt.% and 4wt.% of aluminium powder. Their mechanical properties and macro-porosity structural of the porous ceramic material were analysed and compared. It is determined that the optimal properties of porous ceramic material were found at 3wt.% of aluminium powder and degraded drastically at 4wt.%. This phenomenon is due to the chemical reaction between the aluminium powder and DI water in which they form aluminium oxide that promotes the strength of the material but at the same time, more pores are created at higher reaction rate between these two fundamental materials.

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