scholarly journals Maximum Electrical Power Extraction from Sources by Load Matching

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8025
Author(s):  
Sigmund Singer ◽  
Shlomi Efrati ◽  
Meir Alon ◽  
Doron Shmilovitz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Conventional Model ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Load Matching ◽  
Simplified Calculation ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

This paper describes the matching of various loads to sources (including nonlinear ones). The purpose of matching is to extract the maximum available power from the source. This has particular importance for renewable sources and energy-harvesting devices, in which unused energy is just wasted. The main innovations in this paper include (and followed by examples) simplified calculation of the matching parameter for a controllable load and matching by means of a family of power-conservative two-port networks, denoted POPI (Pin = Pout), such as transformers, gyrators, loss-free resistors (LFRs) and series LFRs (SLFRs). An additional innovation described in this paper is a new, simplified model of an HF power amplifier based on the series LFR concept. This model predicts that the efficiency of the HF power amplifier operated under the matched-mode condition can significantly exceed the 50% efficiency limit that is predicted by the conventional model. As HF power amplifiers drive antennas in transmission and some wireless power transfer (which uses radiative techniques) systems, it is clear that the operation of such systems in the matched-mode condition is not restricted to a 50% efficiency limit.

scholarly journals Enhanced Power Extraction with Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells by Anode Alternation

Fuels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-178
Author(s):  
Marzia Quaglio ◽  
Daniyal Ahmed ◽  
Giulia Massaglia ◽  
Adriano Sacco ◽  
Valentina Margaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Harvesting Technique ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices ◽  
Efficient Power

Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) are energy harvesting devices where the anode is buried inside marine sediment, while the cathode stays in an aerobic environment on the surface of the water. To apply this SCMFC as a power source, it is crucial to have an efficient power management system, leading to development of an effective energy harvesting technique suitable for such biological devices. In this work, we demonstrate an effective method to improve power extraction with SMFCs based on anodes alternation. We have altered the setup of a traditional SMFC to include two anodes working with the same cathode. This setup is compared with a traditional setup (control) and a setup that undergoes intermittent energy harvesting, establishing the improvement of energy collection using the anodes alternation technique. Control SMFC produced an average power density of 6.3 mW/m2 and SMFC operating intermittently produced 8.1 mW/m2. On the other hand, SMFC operating using the anodes alternation technique produced an average power density of 23.5 mW/m2. These results indicate the utility of the proposed anodes alternation method over both the control and intermittent energy harvesting techniques. The Anode Alternation can also be viewed as an advancement of the intermittent energy harvesting method.

scholarly journals Footstep Energy Harvesting with the Magnetostrictive Fiber Integrated Shoes

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Kurita ◽  
Kenichi Katabira ◽  
Yu Yoshida ◽  
Fumio Narita
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Output Energy ◽  
User Mobility ◽  
Magnetostrictive Materials ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Functional Point ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

Wearable energy harvesting devices attract attention as the devices provide electrical power without inhibiting user mobility and independence. While the piezoelectric materials integrated shoes have been considered as wearable energy harvesting devices for a long time, they can lose their energy harvesting performance after being used several times due to their brittleness. In this study, we focused on Fe–Co magnetostrictive materials and fabricated Fe–Co magnetostrictive fiber integrated shoes. We revealed that Fe–Co magnetostrictive fiber integrated shoes are capable of generating 1.2 µJ from 1000 steps of usual walking by the Villari (inverse magnetostrictive) effect. It seems that the output energy is dependent on user habit on ambulation, not on their weight. From both a mechanical and functional point of view, Fe–Co magnetostrictive fiber integrated shoes demonstrated stable energy harvesting performance after being used many times. It is likely that Fe–Co magnetostrictive fiber integrated shoes are available as sustainable and wearable energy harvesting devices.

Optimum power of a nonlinear piezomagnetoelastic energy harvester with using multidisciplinary optimization algorithms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2097443
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tahmasbi ◽  
Asghar Jamshiddoust ◽  
Amin Farrokhabadi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Simulated Annealing ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Random Search ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Multidisciplinary Optimization ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Parallel Configuration ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

Energy-harvesting devices have been widely used to generate electrical power. Through the use of energy harvesting techniques, ambient vibration energy can be captured and converted into usable electricity in order to create self-powering systems. In the present study, to further improve the efficiency of energy-harvesting devices, a nonlinear piezomagnetoelastic energy harvester is proposed in two different configurations that is parallel and series. In order to optimize the generated electrical power, the physical parameters of the harvester are chosen as the design variables. Classical and Metaheuristic algorithms, namely, random search, genetic algorithm, and simulated annealing are applied to optimize the output power regarding the stress and displacement constraints and feasible variable bounds. Finally, the results of the applied algorithms are compared together. The results demonstrate that most of the implemented algorithms converge to the similar objective function value. The constrained random search methods with SQP and active set algorithms converge faster with small iterations. However, the genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm are more capable to find the global optimum. The obtained results revealed that, before the optimization, the average extracted power in specified time was 3.121 W in parallel configuration and 3.156 W in serial configuration. By using the optimization approaches, the power converged to 4.273 W in parallel configuration and 4.296 W in serial configuration that means the power is increased by 36.9% and 36.1% approximately.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of Optimum Piezoelectric Cross-Ply Composites for Energy Harvesting

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Betts ◽  
H. Alicia Kim ◽  
Christopher R. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
State Change ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Rectangular Laminate ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

Energy harvesting devices based on a piezoelectric material attached to asymmetric bistable laminate plates have been shown to exhibit high levels of power extraction over a wide range of frequencies. This paper optimizes for the design of bistable composites combined with piezoelectrics for energy harvesting applications. The electrical energy generated during state-change, or “snap-through,” is maximized through variation in ply thicknesses and rectangular laminate edge lengths. The design is constrained by a bistability constraint and limits on both the magnitude of deflection and the force required for the reversible actuation. Optimum solutions are obtained for differing numbers of plies and the numerical investigation results are discussed.

scholarly journals Emerging Devices Based on Two-Dimensional Monolayer Materials for Energy Harvesting

Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Ru Fan ◽  
Wenzhuo Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Thin Body ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Hybrid Devices ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

Two-dimensional (2-D) materials of atomic thickness have attracted considerable interest due to their excellent electrical, optoelectronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, which make them attractive for electronic devices, sensors, and energy systems. Scavenging the otherwise wasted energy from the ambient environment into electrical power holds promise to address the emerging energy needs, in particular for the portable and wearable devices. The versatile properties of 2-D materials together with their atomically thin body create diverse possibilities for the conversion of ambient energy. The present review focuses on the recent key advances in emerging energy-harvesting devices based on monolayer 2-D materials through various mechanisms such as photovoltaic, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and hydrovoltaic devices, as well as progress for harvesting the osmotic pressure and Wi-Fi wireless energy. The representative achievements regarding the monolayer heterostructures and hybrid devices are also discussed. Finally, we provide a discussion of the challenges and opportunities for 2-D monolayer material-based energy-harvesting devices in the development of self-powered electronics and wearable technologies.

scholarly journals Miniaturized Salinity Gradient Energy Harvesting Devices

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5469
Author(s):  
Wei-Shan Hsu ◽  
Anant Preet ◽  
Tung-Yi Lin ◽  
Tzu-En Lin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Gradient Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

Harvesting salinity gradient energy, also known as “osmotic energy” or “blue energy”, generated from the free energy mixing of seawater and fresh river water provides a renewable and sustainable alternative for circumventing the recent upsurge in global energy consumption. The osmotic pressure resulting from mixing water streams with different salinities can be converted into electrical energy driven by a potential difference or ionic gradients. Reversed-electrodialysis (RED) has become more prominent among the conventional membrane-based separation methodologies due to its higher energy efficiency and lesser susceptibility to membrane fouling than pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO). However, the ion-exchange membranes used for RED systems often encounter limitations while adapting to a real-world system due to their limited pore sizes and internal resistance. The worldwide demand for clean energy production has reinvigorated the interest in salinity gradient energy conversion. In addition to the large energy conversion devices, the miniaturized devices used for powering a portable or wearable micro-device have attracted much attention. This review provides insights into developing miniaturized salinity gradient energy harvesting devices and recent advances in the membranes designed for optimized osmotic power extraction. Furthermore, we present various applications utilizing the salinity gradient energy conversion.

scholarly journals Study in circular auxetic structures for efficiency enhancement in piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pejman Eghbali ◽  
Davood Younesian ◽  
Armin Moayedizadeh ◽  
Mostafa Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Efficiency Enhancement ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Auxetic Structures

Abstract Piezoelectric (PZT) components are one of the most popular elements in vibration sensing and also energy harvesting. They are very well established, cost effective and available in different geometries however there are still several challenges in their application particularly in vibration energy harvesting. They are normally narrow-band elements and work in high-frequency range. Their efficiency and power extraction density are also generally low compared with different electromagnetic techniques. Auxetic structures are proposed here to enhance efficiency of the piezoelectric circular patches in vibration energy harvesting. These kinds of patches namely PZT buzzers are inexpensive (less than 10 USD) elements and easily available. Two novel circular auxetic substrates are proposed to improve power extraction capacity of the conventional piezoelectric buzzers. Negative Poison’s ratio of the proposed meta-structure helps in efficiency enhancement. The concept is introduced, analyzed and verified through the finite element modeling and experimental testing. The idea is proved to work by comparing the harvested electrical power in the auxetic design against the conventional plain system. A parametric study is then carried out and effects of important electrical and geometrical parameters as well as the material property on the power extraction efficiency are assessed to arrive at optimum parameters. It is shown that by employing the auxetic design, a remarkable improvement in the harvested power is achievable. It is shown that for the two proposed auxetic designs, at the resonance frequency, we could reach to 10.2 and 13.3 magnification factor with respect to the plain energy harvester. Another important feature is that the resonant frequency in these new designs is very much lower than the conventional resonators. Results of this study can open a new path to application of inexpensive PZT buzzers in large-scale vibration energy harvesting.

scholarly journals Parametric CFD study of micro-energy harvesting in a flow channel exploiting vortex shedding

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios G. Koubogiannis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vortex Shedding ◽  
Bluff Body ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Bluff Bodies ◽  
Miniature Device ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Duration Of Operation ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

Abstract Miniature energy harvesting devices are increasingly used in various fields. For example, Wireless Sensor Networks have recently made great progress in many applications. However, their main drawback, i.e. the limited duration of operation, poses the requirement for an effective way to recharge their batteries. In this context, the presentwork focuses on the study of micro-energy harvesting from flow by exploiting vortex shedding behind bluff bodies, in order to cause oscillations to a piezoelectric film and generate the required electrical power. To this end, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool is validated on a particular miniature device configuration proposed in the literature and implemented for the numerical simulations of flow around bluff micro-bodies in a very small channel. Aiming to enhance vortex shedding, parametric studies corresponding to different bluff body shapes and arrangements for a fixed Reynolds number are performed, the main parameters involved in the phenomenon are highlighted and the potential for vortex shedding exploitation is qualitatively assessed.

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