scholarly journals Study of the Lipolysis Effect of Nanoliposome-Encapsulated Ganoderma lucidum Protein Hydrolysates on Adipocyte Cells Using Proteomics Approach

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2157
Author(s):  
Sucheewin Krobthong ◽  
Yodying Yingchutrakul ◽  
Wonnop Visessanguan ◽  
Thanisorn Mahatnirunkul ◽  
Pawitrabhorn Samutrtai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Functional Ingredients ◽  
Edible Fungus ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Lipid Suppression

Excessive lipid accumulation is a serious condition. Therefore, we aimed at developing safe strategies using natural hypolipidemic products. Lingzhi is an edible fungus and potential lipid suppression stimulant. To use Lingzhi as a functional hyperlipidemic ingredient, response surface methodology (RSM) was conducted to optimize the time (X1) and enzyme usage (X2) for the hydrolysate preparation with the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) and % yield. We encapsulated the hydrolysates using nanoscale liposomes and used proteomics to study how these nano-liposomal hydrolysates could affect lipid accumulation in adipocyte cells. RSM analysis revealed X1 at 8.63 h and X2 at 0.93% provided the highest values of DH and % yields were 33.99% and 5.70%. The hydrolysates were loaded into liposome particles that were monodispersed. The loaded nano-liposomal particles did not significantly affect cell survival rates. The triglyceride (TG) breakdown in adipocytes showed a higher TG increase compared to the control. Lipid staining level upon the liposome treatment was lower than that of the control. Proteomics revealed 3425 proteins affected by the liposome treatment, the main proteins being TSSK5, SMU1, GRM7, and KLC4, associated with various biological functions besides lipolysis. The nano-liposomal Linzghi hydrolysate might serve as novel functional ingredients in the treatment and prevention of obesity

scholarly journals Suppression of Th17 Cell Response in the Alleviation of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wei ◽  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Jingbo Zhai ◽  
Junfeng Zhu ◽  
Fangli Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Disease Activity Index

Background. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Dysregulated immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of GLP to alleviate DSS-induced colitis. Methods. The mice were administered with GLP by intragastric gavage daily for two weeks prior to the DSS treatment. Mice were orally administered with 2.5% DSS dissolved in drinking water with GLP or water treatment for 6 days. The mice were killed on day 7 after induction of colitis. Survival rates, body weight loss, colon lengths, histological changes, and disease activity index scores (DAI) were evaluated. Results. GLP significantly improved survival rates, colon length shortening, body weight loss, histopathological score, and DAI scores in mice with DSS-induced colitis. GLP markedly suppressed the secretions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-4 and significantly affected populations of Th17 cells, B cells, NK cells, and NKT cells in the lamina propria lymphocytes. Conclusions. GLP prevented inflammation, maintained intestinal homeostasis, and regulated the intestinal immunological barrier functions in mice with DSS-induced colitis.

scholarly journals Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptorγby Rosiglitazone Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Release of High Mobility Group Box 1

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Seok Hwang ◽  
Eun Sil Kang ◽  
Sun Ah Ham ◽  
Taesik Yoo ◽  
Hanna Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are shown to modulate the pathological status of sepsis by regulating the release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a well-known late proinflammatory mediator of sepsis. Ligand-activated PPARs markedly inhibited lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) induced release of HMGB1 in RAW 264.7 cells. Among the ligands of PPAR, the effect of rosiglitazone, a specific ligand for PPARγ, was superior in the inhibition of HMGB1 release induced by LPS. This effect was observed in cells that received rosiglitazone before LPS or after LPS treatment, indicating that rosiglitazone is effective in both treatment and prevention. Ablation of PPARγwith small interfering RNA or GW9662-mediated inhibition of PPARγabolished the effect of rosiglitazone on HMGB1 release. Furthermore, the overexpression of PPARγmarkedly potentiated the inhibitory effect of rosiglitazone on HMGB1 release. In addition, rosiglitazone inhibited LPS-induced expression of Toll-like receptor 4 signal molecules, suggesting a possible mechanism by which rosiglitazone modulates HMGB1 release. Notably, the administration of rosiglitazone to mice improved survival rates in an LPS-induced animal model of endotoxemia, where reduced levels of circulating HMGB1 were demonstrated. Taken together, these results suggest that PPARs play an important role in the cellular response to inflammation by inhibiting HMGB1 release.

scholarly journals Exosomes as Efficient Nanocarriers in Osteosarcoma: Biological Functions and Potential Clinical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingkai Yang ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Haoyu Guo ◽  
Lutong Wang ◽  
Wenbo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Bone Tumor ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Cellular Behavior

Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor affecting both adolescents and children. Although localized osteosarcoma has an overall survival of >70% in the clinic, metastatic, refractory, and recurrent osteosarcoma have poorer survival rates. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by cells and originally thought to be a way for cells to discard unwanted products. Currently, exosomes have been reported to be involved in intercellular cross-talk and induce changes in cellular behavior by transferring cargoes (proteins, DNA, RNA, and lipids) between cells. Exosomes regulate osteosarcoma progression, and processes such as tumorigenesis, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and drug resistance. Increasing evidences shows that exosomes have significant potential in promoting osteosarcoma progression and development. In this review, we describe the current research status of exosomes in osteosarcoma, focusing on the biological functions of osteosarcoma exosomes as well as their application in osteosarcoma as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals The use of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics as a composition of live feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Karina Ignat ◽  
Liliia Vasina
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Live Feed ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Wide Range

The losses in the conditions of intensive aquaculture can be linked with the development of a range of bacterial and viral infectious diseases of hydrobionts. Probiotics are used as the means of treatment and prevention of the dysbiosis of fish organisms. The search for new probiotic cultures and their subsequent trials, the possibility of their co-culturing, using this scientific foundation for devising combined preventative and therapeutic means and their further bioencapsulation in freshwater zooplankton will enable researchers to increase the resistance and responsiveness of fish organisms at the different stages of ontogenesis. The lactic acid bacteria are characterized as being toxic-free and having a wide range of antagonistic activity, namely the development of the colonization resistance of mucous membranes and coats owing to the generation of short-chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, lytic enzymes, antibiotic combinations, the decrease of pH index. This research is dedicated to the elucidation of new probiotic micro-organisms and the possibility of their integration into zooplankton aiming at their further use as the nutritious substrate for fish in the conditions of aquaculture. The thesis presents the results of the conducted analysis of the adhesive properties of probiotic cultures, determines their sensitivity to natural inhibitors as well as the main groups of antibiotics and evaluates the effectiveness of bioencapsulation of bacteria in the organisms of small-sized freshwater crustaceans. The bioencapsulation of mono- or combined probiotics in the organisms of daphnia has increased their survival rates, the length of the bodies of individual representatives of the species and hasn’t had a significant impact upon the correlation of the basic nutrients, which has been established in the course of the description of the biomass chemical content of small-sized crustaceans.

scholarly journals Manganese affects the growth and metabolism ofGanoderma lucidumbased on LC-MS analysis

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Bingcheng Gan ◽  
Weihong Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Manganese Ion ◽  
Edible Fungus ◽  
Mycelial Growth Rate

BackgroundAs a metal-enriched edible fungus,Ganoderma lucidumis capable of adsorbing manganese effectively. And the manganese ion is demonstrated to play an important role in the synthesis of manganese peroxidase (Mnp) and other physiological activities duringG. lucidumgrowth. Recently, the influence of manganese on the metabolites ofG. lucidumfruiting bodies can be revealed through metabonomics technique.MethodsIn this study, we uncovered the changes between the control and 200 mg/kg Mn-treated fruiting bodies with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS).ResultsThe mycelial growth rate, dry yield, Mnp activity , total polysaccharide content, triterpenoid content, and total manganese content in the mature fruiting bodies ofG. lucidumchanged between the control and different Mn-treated groups. Based on LC-MS method, a total of 16 significantly different metabolites were obtained and identified, among which, five presented significantly down-regulated and 11 up-regulated in Mn-treated samples. The metabolites chavicol and palmitoylethanolamide were particularly significantly up-regulated, and were found the strong promotion relationship. Dependent on the MetPA database, four KEGG pathways were detected and glycerophospholipid metabolism was most impacted, in which, choline was involved in.DiscussionThe added manganese ion in the substrate enhanced Mnp activities, and consequently promoted the mycelial growth, yield , metabolites in the fruiting bodies including triterpenoids, total manganese, chavicol, etc. Our finding can provide a theoretical reference to regulation of manganese on the physiological metabolism ofG. lucidum.

Biotechnological Aspects of obtaining Functional Ingredients by the Conversion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 985-Т Biomass

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
L.V. Rimareva ◽  
M.B. Overchenko ◽  
N.I. Ignatova ◽  
N.V. Shelekhova ◽  
N.S. Pogorzhelskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Amine Nitrogen ◽  
Functional Ingredients ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

An algorithm for the biocatalytic conversion of polymers of subcellular structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 985-T has been developed. It was shown that the action of enzymes on cell wall mannoproteins and (3-glucans led to deformation of their structure and the transfer of more than 50% of polysaccharides to a soluble state with the formation of 13.4% reducing carbohydrates, 1.8% amine nitrogen and 7.7% free amino acids (biological-1). Biological-2 had an increased content of total carbohydrates (32.2%) and fiber (10.5%). It was found that the combined action of the complex of proteinases and peptidases contributed to an increase in the degree of hydrolysis of subcellular structures, which was accompanied by a growth of the content of amino nitrogen by 2.7 times, free amino acids by 3.1 times, and low-molecular peptides (up to 500 Da) by 3.5 times (biological-3). The obtained biologicals were characterized by a high content of phosphorus and potassium. It was shown that the use of enzyme systems that catalyze the hydrolysis of intracellular polymers in yeast biomass allows us to obtain products with different biochemical and structural-fractional composition, which determines their properties. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enzymes, structural-fractional composition, functional ingredients The work was carried out at the expense of the subsidy for the implementation of the State Task.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Plant Trypsin Inhibitors Msti-94 and Msti-16 on Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Alfalfa

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailong Zhao ◽  
Hidayat Ullah ◽  
Mark Richard McNeill ◽  
Guilin Du ◽  
Kun Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Prokaryotic Expression ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Gene Clone ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Prokaryotic Expression Vector

The spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis trifolii (Monell)) is a known destructive pest that can significantly reduce alfalfa yields. Two differentially up-regulated alfalfa trypsin inhibitors ‘Msti-94’ and ‘Msti-16’ in transcriptome were verified in terms of their mRNA levels using RT-qPCR. The prokaryotic expression vector was constructed and its biological functions, including phenotypic and physiological responses, were verified through feeding spotted alfalfa aphids with active recombinant protein mixed with an artificial diet. Gene clone and gene prokaryotic expression confirmed that Msti-94 had a size of 651 bp, encoded 216 amino acids with a predicted protein weight of 23.5 kDa, and a pI value of 6.91. Similarly, the size of Msti-16 was 612 bp, encoded 203 amino acids, and had a predicted protein weight of 22.2 kDa with a pI value of 9.06. We concluded that both Msti-94 and Msti-16 acted as a stomach poison with survival rates reduced to 21.7% and 18.3%, respectively, as compared to the control, where the survival rate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (60.0%). Aphid reproduction rates were significantly reduced, after 72 h of feeding, in both the Msti-94 and Msti-16 treatments compared to the controls. A concentration of 800 μg/mL (0.8 mg/mL) of recombinant protein and 5000 μg/mL (5 mg/mL) of recombinant expressing bacteria that inhibits the total protease, which ultimately disrupted the activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and aminopeptidase.

scholarly journals GB Virus C Coinfections in West African Ebola Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 2425-2429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lauck ◽  
Adam L. Bailey ◽  
Kristian G. Andersen ◽  
Tony L. Goldberg ◽  
Pardis C. Sabeti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Gb Virus C ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Virus C ◽  
Virus Survival

In 49 patients with known Ebola virus disease outcomes during the ongoing outbreak in Sierra Leone, 13 were coinfected with the immunomodulatory pegivirus GB virus C (GBV-C). Fifty-three percent of these GBV-C+patients survived; in contrast, only 22% of GBV-C−patients survived. Both survival and GBV-C status were associated with age, with older patients having lower survival rates and intermediate-age patients (21 to 45 years) having the highest rate of GBV-C infection. Understanding the separate and combined effects of GBV-C and age on Ebola virus survival may lead to new treatment and prevention strategies, perhaps through age-related pathways of immune activation.

scholarly journals Covalent inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP78 disconnects the transduction of ER stress signals to inflammation and lipid accumulation in diet-induced obese mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhui Rong ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
Ni Fan ◽  
Xiuying Zhang ◽  
Fung Yin Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Quinone Methide ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunctions

Targeting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation and metabolic dysfunctions may halt the pathogenesis of obesity and thereby reduce the prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular disesases and cancers. The present study was designed to elucidate the mechnaisms by which plant-derived celastrol ameliorated inflammation and lipid accumulation in obesity. The mouse model of diet-induced obesity was induced by feeding high-fat diet for 3 months and subsequently intervented with celastrol for 21 days. Hepatic and adipose tissues were analysed for lipid accumulation, macrophage activation and biomarker expression. As result, celastrol effectively reduced body weight, suppressed ER stress, inflammation and lipogenesis while promoted hepatic lipolysis. RNA-sequencing revealed that celastrol-loaded nanomicelles restored the expression of 49 genes that regulate ER stress, inflammation and lipid metabolism. On the other hand, celastrol-alkyne was synthesized for identifying celastrol-bound proteins in RAW264.7 macrophages. ER chaperone GRP78 was identified by proteomics approach for celastrol binding to the residue Cys41. Upon binding and conjugation, celastrol diminished the chaperone activity of GRP78 by 130-fold and reduced ER stress in palmitate-challenged cells, while celastrol analogue lacking quinone methide failed to exhibit anti-obesity effects. Thus, covalent GRP78 inhibition may induce the reprograming of ER signaling, inflammation and metabolism against diet-induced obesity.

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