Nutritional, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Toxicological Profile of Two Innovative Types of Vegan, Sugar-Free Chocolate

Increased sugar consumption and unhealthy dietary patterns are key drivers of many preventable diseases that result in disability and death worldwide. However, health awareness has increased over the past decades creating a massive on-going demand for new low/non-caloric natural sweeteners that have a high potential and are safer for consumption than artificial ones. The current study aims to investigate the nutritional properties, in vitro toxicological profile, total/individual polyphenols content, and the antioxidant, anti-cariogenic, and antimicrobial activity of two newly obtained vegan and sugar-free chocolate (VHC1 and VHC2). The energy values for the two finished products were very similar, 408.04 kcal/100 g for VHC1 and 404.68 kcal/100 g for VHC2. Both products, VHC1 and VHC2 present strong antioxidant activities, whereas antimicrobial results show an increased activity for VHC1 compared to VHC2, because of a higher phenolic content. In vitro toxicological evaluation revealed that both samples present a safe toxicological profile, while VHC2 increased cellular turnover of dermal cell lines, highlighting its potential use in skin treatments. The current work underlines the potential use of these vegetal mixtures as sugar-free substitutes for conventional products, as nutraceuticals, as well as topic application in skin care due to antimicrobial and antioxidant effects.

Download Full-text

IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF HINGULESWARA RASABASED HERBOMINERAL FORMULATIONS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11s2.28535 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Abhishek Chatterjee ◽

Dileep Singh Baghel ◽

Bimlesh Kumar ◽

Saurabh Singh ◽

Narendra Kumar Pandey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Three Samples ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Antioxidant Effects ◽

Made In ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Objective: The aims of the present investigation were to develop the herbal and/or herbomineral formulations of Hinguleswara rasa and to compare their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, in vitro, with that of standard drug samples.Methods: This study was an interventional investigation in three samples: In the first sample, Hinguleswara rasa (HR1) was prepared as per methodology described in Rasatarangini using Shuddha Hingula (10 g), Shuddha Vatsanabha (10 g), and Pippali (10 g). In the second and third sample, respectively, Hinguleswara rasa was prepared by replacing Shuddha Hingula with Kajjali where Kajjali made from Hingulotha parada and Sodhita parada constitutes two varieties of Hinguleswara rasa, i.e. HR2 and HR3. In vitro antioxidant activity was studied using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and the absorbance was recorded at 517 nm. For evaluating the in vitro anti-inflammatory studies, the inhibition of albumin denaturation technique was performed.Results: The results showed that the formulation of Hinguleswara rasa has shown dose-dependent activity which was observed in 100 μg concentration. HR1, HR2, and HR3 showed 36.11, 17.22, and 16.11% radical scavenging activity.Conclusion: It could be concluded that the changes made in the formulations did not affect the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the herbomineral formulations.

Download Full-text

Carnosine—a natural bioactive dipeptide: bioaccessibility, bioavailability and health benefits

Journal of Food Bioactives ◽

10.31665/jfb.2019.5174 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 8-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lujuan Xing ◽

MacKenzie E. Chee ◽

Hua Zhang ◽

Wangang Zhang ◽

Yoshinori Mine

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Current State ◽

Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽

Potential Use ◽

Significant Health

Carnosine is a natural dipeptide synthesized by both vertebrate and invertebrate organisms and has functional properties that are specific to muscle and excitable tissues. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that carnosine presents metal chelating and antioxidant activities and has the ability to inhibit protein carbonylation and glycoxidation. This review describes the health benefits of carnosine in relation to its bioaccessibility, bioavailability and biochemical properties as well as providing the current state-of-the-art knowledge on the potential use of carnosine as a nutraceutical. The therapeutic potential of carnosine has also been investigated by a number of preclinical and clinical studies for diseases such as diabetes and its associated complications, as well as fatigue, ageing, and some neurological disorders. Altogether the current literature provides supportive evidence on the use of carnosine as a natural dietary supplement with significant health boosting efficiency and without any side effects.

Download Full-text

Intracellular Antioxidant Activity of Biocompatible Citrate-Capped Palladium Nanozymes

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10010099 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 99 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mauro Moglianetti ◽

Deborah Pedone ◽

Gayatri Udayan ◽

Saverio Francesco Retta ◽

Doriana Debellis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Aqueous Synthesis ◽

High Particle ◽

Cellular Environment ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Toxicological Profile ◽

Crucial Information

A method for the aqueous synthesis of stable and biocompatible citrate-coated palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) in the size range comparable to natural enzymes (4–8 nm) has been developed. The toxicological profile of PdNPs was assessed by different assays on several cell lines demonstrating their safety in vitro also at high particle concentrations. To elucidate their cellular fate upon uptake, the localization of PdNPs was analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Moreover, crucial information about their intracellular stability and oxidation state was obtained by Sputtering-Enabled Intracellular X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (SEI-XPS). TEM/XPS results showed significant stability of PdNPs in the cellular environment, an important feature for their biocompatibility and potential for biomedical applications. On the catalytic side, these PdNPs exhibited strong and broad antioxidant activities, being able to mimic the three main antioxidant cellular enzymes, i.e., peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Remarkably, using an experimental model of a human oxidative stress-related disease, we demonstrated the effectiveness of PdNPs as antioxidant nanozymes within the cellular environment, showing that they are able to completely re-establish the physiological Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels in highly compromised intracellular redox conditions.

Download Full-text

Toxicological Evaluation of Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hADSCs) and hADSCs-derived Exosomes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-626854/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Zhou ◽

Bo Zhao ◽

Xin-Liao Zhang ◽

Yi-jun Lu ◽

Jian Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Human Adipose Tissue ◽

Soft Agar ◽

Toxicological Evaluation ◽

Toxicological Assessment ◽

Toxicological Profile ◽

Treatment Agent

Abstract Background: Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are considered an ideal source of cells for regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells derived-exosomes (MSC-Exos) are being opined as new cell-free therapeutics for numerous human diseases. For future clinical applications, the safety of allogenic hADSCs and hADSCs-derived exosomes (hADSCs-Exos) needs to be addressed and verified in pre-clinical animal models. This study sought to evaluate the toxicity of hADSCs and hADSCs-Exos by performing in vivo and in vitro toxicological assessments.Methods: We used IVIS to track the biodistribution of GFP-labeled hADSCs and the PKH26-labeled in a mouse model. The tumorigenicity of hADSCs and hADSCs-Exos was analyzed by soft agar colony formation assay and nude mice tumorigenicity test in vitro and in vivo. The acute animal toxicity and allergenicity test were used to explore the toxicological proﬁle of hADSCs and hADSCs-Exos in mice.Results: We found that hADSCs-Exos accumulated faster in the tissues of mice and were also cleared more rapidly compared to hADSCs. Both hADSCs and hADSCs-Exos have little risk of tumorigenicity, and hADSCs-Exos had lower toxicity and lower immunogenicity than hADSCs.Conclusion: Our study is the first to compare the safety between hADSCs and hADSCs-Exos, and revealed that hADSCs-Exos are safer for application as systemic therapy, without complications in toxicological assessment, and have a better prospective utility as a treatment agent and for drug delivery.

Download Full-text

In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Extracts of Gracilaria gracilis with a View into Its Potential Use as an Additive in Fish Feed

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11146642 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 6642

Author(s):

Clélia Afonso ◽

Ana Patrícia Correia ◽

Marta V. Freitas ◽

Teresa Mouga ◽

Teresa Baptista

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Well Being ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Fish Diet ◽

Gracilaria Gracilis ◽

Potential Use

Fish in aquaculture systems are subject to several stressors that inhibit the immune response and potentiate the development of disease and increased mortality. The inclusion of additives in the fish diet, namely seaweeds or their extracts, that are natural sources of bioactive compounds can be an important tool for promoting the health and well-being of these animals. The present study aims at the development of sustainable and effective methodologies for the extraction of bioactive compounds of the red seaweed Gracilaria gracilis, exploring its antibacterial and antioxidant potential and considering its potential use as an additive for functional fish feeds. The yield of the extraction methods was evaluated upon the use of sequential solid–liquid extraction techniques with ethanol and water as solvents, different extraction temperatures (room temperature: 40 °C and 70 °C), and extraction time. The results demonstrated that the adoption extraction times of 30 min at 40 °C provided higher yields. We also evaluated the antioxidant capacity and the antibacterial properties of the obtained extracts against different strains that cause fish diseases by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH reducing capacity method and quantification of total polyphenols content (TPC). With these results, we can establish extraction procedures that allow the future use of G. gracilis extracts, with antibacterial and antioxidant effects in a safe and effective way.

Download Full-text

Estrogenic and Antioxidant Activities of Pterocarpus soyauxii (Fabaceae) Heartwood Aqueous Extract in Bilateral Oophorectomized Wistar Rat

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/6759000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Yolande Sandrine Mengue Ngadena ◽

Pascal Emmanuel Owona ◽

Michel Noubom ◽

Michel Arnaud Mbock ◽

Lohik MbolangNguegan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Control Group ◽

Postmenopausal Symptoms ◽

Ovx Rats ◽

Ethylhexyl Phthalate ◽

Antioxidant Effects

Phytoestrogens are used to ease postmenopausal symptoms, a property probably due to estrogenic and antioxidant effects. Pterocarpus soyauxii (P. soyauxii) is empirically used in Cameroon to treat among others primary and secondary amenorrhea. The aim of this study is to evaluate estrogenic and antioxidant activities of P. soyauxii heartwood aqueous extract in bilateral oophorectomized Wistar rats. Firstly, a characterization of the extract was carried out. For that, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins levels in P. soyauxii extract were evaluated by colorimetric assays and UHPLC-MS analysis was realized. In vitro antioxidant analysis of P. soyauxii was conducted using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Secondly, 2 sets of pharmacologic tests were carried out. The results revealed that P. soyauxii aqueous extract contains, respectively, 229.42 ± 3.62 mg EAG/g, 63.42 ± 2.16 mg EQ/g, and 27.88 ± 0.23 mg ETA/g of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. UHPLC-MS enabled identifying seven components including mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, cembrene, 3′,5′-dimethoxy-4-stilbenol, and linoleic acid. DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays revealed that P. soyauxii extract possessed a high antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 730.20 µg/mL, 892.90 µg/mL, and 765.75 mEAG/g of extract, respectively. In the uterotrophic assay, P. soyauxii extract induced significant increase of fresh uterine weight, uterine and vaginal epithelial size, and mammary glands differentiation compared to Ovx control. In the postmenopausal model, compared to the sham control, vagina and uterine dystrophies were observed in Ovx rats treated with distilled water. P. soyauxii aqueous extract expressed estrogenic-like effects on vagina and did not affect uterine epithelial height compared with vehicle groups. On the back of these vaginotrophic effects, the extract displayed antiatherogenic properties by reducing ( p < 0.001) AI and LDL cholesterol level as compared to Ovx control group. The extract at 200 mg/kg significantly prevented the increase of MDA ( p < 0.01) level and decreased nitrites ( p < 0.001) and GSH ( p < 0.01) levels compared to Ovx rats. These beneficial effects are related at least in part to the presence of compound such as mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 3′,5′-dimethoxy-4-stilbenol, and linoleic acid. Overall, P. soyauxii aqueous extract exhibits estrogenic and antioxidant effects which can inhibit postmenopausal symptoms by providing vaginal stratification, improving lipid profile and insulin sensitivity, and reducing oxidative stress without side effects on the endometrium and mammary gland in 84-day Ovx rats.

Download Full-text

Novel 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives: synthesis and evaluation of its antibacterial and antioxidant activities

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.13171/mjc63/01704032355-elghoul ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 77-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Latifa El Ouasif ◽

Abdelhakim Bouyahya ◽

Rachid Zniber ◽

Mostafa El Ghoul ◽

Redouane Achour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

Hydrocarbon Chains ◽

Free Radical Scavenging Assay ◽

First Time ◽

Diffusion Assay ◽

Antioxidant Effects

In the present study, a series of novel 2-mercapto-benzimidazolium were synthesized from 2-mercapto-benzimidazole with hydrocarbon chains. All compounds obtained are reported for the first time, and the structures of these compounds were confirmed by means of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry. The newly synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro biological evaluation. The antibacterial activity was evaluated will diffusion assay and density optic method. The antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The result indicated that some compounds show convincing antibacterial activities against two microorganisms: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. While, these molecules have not shown interesting antioxidant effects.

Download Full-text

In Vitro Evaluation of the Potential Use of Propolis as a Multitarget Therapeutic Product: Physicochemical Properties, Chemical Composition, and Immunomodulatory, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Properties

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/4836378 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Soumaya Touzani ◽

Walaa Embaslat ◽

Hamada Imtara ◽

Abdalsalam Kmail ◽

Sleman Kadan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Therapeutic Product ◽

Anticancer Properties ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Potential Use

Propolis is a resin that honeybees produce by mixing saliva and beeswax with exudate gathered from botanical sources. The present in vitro study investigated the potential use of propolis as a multitarget therapeutic product and the physicochemical properties, chemical composition, and immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of a propolis extract from the northern Morocco region (PNM). Pinocembrin, chrysin, and quercetin were the main phenolic compounds of PNM as measured in HPLC. The PNM showed significant inhibitory effects against all tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains and showed high antioxidant activities by scavenging free radicals with IC50 (DPPH = 0.02, ABTS = 0.04, and FRAP = 0.04 mg/ml). In addition, PNM induced a dose-dependent cytostatic effect in MCF-7, HCT, and THP-1 cell lines at noncytotoxic concentrations with IC50 values of 479.22, 108.88, and 50.54 μg/ml, respectively. The production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was decreased in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs), whereas the production of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) was increased in a dose-dependent manner reaching 15-fold compared to the levels measured in untreated PBMNCs. Overall, the results showed that the traditionally known multitarget therapeutic properties of the PNM seem to be mediated, at least in part, through cytostatic, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory effects.

Download Full-text

Beneficial Biological Activities of Cinnamomum osmophloeum and Its Potential Use in the Alleviation of Oral Mucositis: A Systematic Review

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines8010003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abu Bakar ◽

Pin-Chuan Yao ◽

Valendriyani Ningrum ◽

Cheng-Tzu Liu ◽

Shih-Chieh Lee

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Oral Mucositis ◽

Wound Repair ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Potential Use ◽

Anti Inflammation

The aim of this review was to provide an updated overview of studies on the medical-biological activities of Cinnamomum osmophloeum (C. osmophloeum) in vitro and in vivo and the potential therapeutic use of natural agents prepared from this plant for the alleviation of oral mucositis (OM). Reported articles were collected using web search engine tools. The systematic review was organized according to the preferred reporting items for reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Additional sources were identified through cross-referencing to identify the potential use of C. osmophloeum in the alleviation of OM. The results disclosed that C. osmophloeum is comprised of bioactive ingredients that could act diversely as a reagent in anti-inflammation, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, antidyslipidemia, anti-cancer, renal disease therapy and anti-hyperuricemia capacities. Recent studies revealed that the overall effects on anti-inflammation, wound repair, and the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of its constituents would act as a potential remedy for oral mucositis. Up-to-date in vitro and in vivo studies on the medical-biological activities of C. osmophloeum suggested that C. osmophloeum and its constituents could be promising remedies as adjuvants in OM therapy and warrant further investigation.

Download Full-text

Bifidogenic and Antioxidant Activity of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N Cultivated on Different Carbon Sources

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.33073/pjm-2013-023 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 181-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

MAGDALENA POLAK-BERECKA ◽

ADAM WAŚKO ◽

DOMINIK SZWAJGIER ◽

ADAM CHOMA

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Probiotic Bacterium ◽

Growth Media ◽

Sugar Composition ◽

Antioxidant Effects

Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N is a probiotic bacterium, which synthesizes exopolysaccharides (EPS) with significant bifidogenic and antioxidant activities. The sugar composition of the EPSs produced depended on carbohydrates used as a carbon source in the growth media. Five Bifidobacterium strains were tested in vitro for their ability to utilize all the EPSs studied. The highest bifidogenic activity was revealed by EPSs obtained from Lactobacillus cultures supplemented with Gal, Lac, and Mal as the only carbon source, while significant antioxidant effects were observed in EPSs isolated from growth media enriched with galactose, lactose, and sucrose.

Download Full-text