scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of the Synar Program: Tobacco Access and Use among Youth in Mississippi, the South, and the U.S.

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerri S. Avery ◽  
John P. Bartkowski ◽  
Xiaohe Xu ◽  
Janelle Kohler ◽  
Melissa Mason
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Structuration Theory ◽  
The South ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retail Access

(1) Background: This study examines the impact of Synar policy adoption on youth commercial access to tobacco products in Mississippi, the South, and the remaining U.S. The principal focus on youth commercial access is complemented by analyses of Synar’s impact on minors’ non-commercial access to tobacco and tobacco use patterns. Mississippi has been especially aggressive in implementing Synar, as evidenced by its unusually low retailer violation rates (RVRs). Synar, a mandatory, enforceable regulation meant to limit youth’s retail access to tobacco, was implemented nationwide in 1997. This study is governed by a combination of conceptual insights from a diffusion of health innovation perspective and structuration theory. (2) Methods: Repeated cross-sectional data from 1995 to 2011 from the CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey are analyzed using a pre/post-implementation, quasi-experimental analytic strategy. Tobacco access and use in the pre-Synar era (1995–1997) are compared with two post-Synar periods (1999–2005 and 2007–2011), thereby highlighting diffusion effects related to this policy innovation within Mississippi, the South, and the remaining U.S. (3) Results: Analyses of temporal trends reveal that Mississippi and other study regions effectively restricted commercial access to tobacco. Positive outcomes associated with Synar adoption were observed several years after initial implementation, thus supporting a diffusion of innovation perspective. However, results also reveal that Mississippi youth were more inclined than their counterparts elsewhere to gain access to tobacco through non-commercial means after Synar implementation, and that declines in tobacco use among Mississippi youth were less robust than those observed elsewhere. Such variegated effects are in line with expectations linked to structuration theory. (4) Conclusions: Synar policy implementation has been generally effective at deterring youth access to tobacco and, in many cases, has yielded declines in tobacco use. However, there is no evidence that especially aggressive retailer compliance checks in Mississippi have yielded distinctive benefits for youth in this state.

scholarly journals Changes in Tobacco Use Patterns during COVID-19 and Their Correlates among Older Adults in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1779
Author(s):  
Sabuj Kanti Mistry ◽  
Armm Mehrab Ali ◽  
Md. Ashfikur Rahman ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Bhawna Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present study explored the changes in tobacco use patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and their correlates among older adults in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1032 older adults aged ≥60 years in Bangladesh through telephone interviews in October 2020. Participants’ characteristics and COVID-19-related information were gathered using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Participants were asked if they noted any change in their tobacco use patterns (smoking or smokeless tobacco) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic (6 months prior to the survey). Nearly half of the participants (45.6%) were current tobacco users, of whom 15.9% reported increased tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic and all others had no change in their tobacco use patterns. Tobacco use was significantly increased among the participants from rural areas, who had reduced communications during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic (OR = 2.76, 95%CI:1.51–5.03). Participants who were aged ≥70 years (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.77), widowed (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.13–1.00), had pre-existing, non-communicable, and/or chronic conditions (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25–0.78), and felt themselves at the highest risk of COVID-19 (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15–0.62), had significantly lower odds of increased tobacco use. Policy makers and practitioners need to focus on strengthening awareness and raising initiatives to avoid tobacco use during such a crisis period.

scholarly journals “Illicit Use of Tobacco” - A Street Play to Spread Antitobacco Awareness Among the General Public Attending Tagore Dental and Medical College & Hospitals, Chennai, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 8s-8s
Author(s):  
D.L. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The People ◽  
Illicit Use ◽  
The Impact

Background: Tobacco is the foremost preventable cause of death and disease in the world today, killing half of the people who use it. In the south-east Asia Region (SEAR), smoking prevalence ranges from 29.8% to 63.1% among men and 0.4%–15% among women. The practice of tobacco needs attention. World No Tobacco Day is the event dedicated to call attention toward the impact of tobacco use on public health and reduce individual tobacco dependence. The day is further intended to draw attention to the widespread prevalence of tobacco use and to negative health effects. Aim: · To assess the effectiveness of street play in creating awareness of tobacco hazards among rural population of Chennai.⋅ To evaluate the knowledge gained by the rural population about tobacco hazards from street play using a closed ended questionnaire. Methods: The study was a cross sectional and community based study. The target population for this study was the outpatients attending Tagore Medical and Dental Hospitals, Rathinamangalam, Chennai. The current study was conducted between 19th May 2017 to 26th May 2017, among the outpatients attending Tagore Medical and Dental Hospitals, Rathinamangalam, Chennai. Mainly, the awareness is created by stressing the ill effects and illicit use of any form of tobacco through street play conducted daily for a week in the hospital premises. Result: The preintervention assessment revealed poor knowledge scores on various aspect of harmful effects of tobacco, which significantly improved after intervention. It is conceptual that rural population is not aware of passive smoking or second hand smoke, but our study group accounted to 86% of awareness. Feedback received after street play: after any street play or role play it's good to have feedback from community members to know how effective our play was in spreading the message among them. We were fortunate enough to get good response from community members post play. Overall the feedback of the street play excelled with a score of 96% gaining new knowledge about tobacco hazards, enlightening the thought process in this regard. Conclusion: As a result, the street play in local language and pictorial posters proved to be an effective health educational tool among illiterates and repeated use, before the transition season, for maximum impact.

Administrative health databases for addressing emerging issues in adults with CHD: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cohen ◽  
Harel Gilutz ◽  
Ariane J. Marelli ◽  
Laurence Iserin ◽  
Arriel Benis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Administrative Health Data ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Administrative Health Databases ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe need for population-based studies of adults with CHD has motivated the growing use of secondary analyses of administrative health data in a variety of jurisdictions worldwide. We aimed at systematically reviewing all studies using administrative health data sources for adult CHD research from 2006 to 2016. Using PubMed and Embase (1 January, 2006 to 1 January, 2016), we identified 2217 abstracts, from which 59 studies were included in this review. These comprised 12 different data sources from six countries. Of these, 55% originated in the United States of America, 28% in Canada, and 17% in Europe and Asia. No study was published before 2007, after which the number of publications grew exponentially. In all, 41% of the studies were cross-sectional and 25% were retrospective cohort studies with a wide variation in the availability of patient-level compared with hospitalisation-level episodes of care; 58% of studies from eight different data sources linked administrative data at a patient level; and 37% of studies reported validation procedures. Assessing resource utilisation and temporal trends of relevant epidemiological and outcome end points were the most reported objectives. The median impact factor of publication journals was 4.04, with an interquartile range of 3.15, 7.44. Although not designed for research purposes, administrative health databases have become powerful data sources for studying adult CHD populations because of their large sample sizes, comprehensive records, and long observation periods, providing a useful tool to further develop quality of care improvement programmes. Data linkage with electronic records will become important in obtaining more granular life-long adult CHD data. The health services nature of the data optimises the impact on policy and public health.

scholarly journals Realidad aumentada como recurso de apoyo en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Geovanny Hidalgo Cajo ◽  
Diego Patricio Hidalgo Cajo ◽  
Mercedes Gabriela Montenegro Chanalata ◽  
Iván Mesías Hidalgo Cajo
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

El presente estudio analiza el impacto de la realidad aumentada (RA) como recurso de apoyo en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje (E-A) de la Anatomía Humana. Para el efecto se diseñó una investigación cuantitativa, cuasiexperimental expostfacto, transversal, descriptivo mediante la conformación de dos grupos de estudiantes que recibieron formación de anatomía, el primer grupo denominado de control  conformado por 31 estudiantes utilizaron recursos didácticos tradicionales como textos, maquetas, dibujos, presentaciones; paralelamente se impartió la misma temática a un grupo experimental de 31 estudiantes mediante el uso de una aplicación móvil de RA, al finalizar el experimento se aplicó una evaluación de 20 reactivos a cada grupo, obteniendo los siguientes resultados, el grupo de control obtuvo una media de 2,77 sobre 10 y una desviación estándar de 0,956, mientras el grupo experimental obtuvo una media de 7,97 sobre 10 y una desviación estándar de 0,875. Por otra parte, se aplicó una encuesta de 10 preguntas al grupo experimental en cuanto a la utilización de la RA, los cuales mostraron plena satisfacción por la experiencia recibida y consideran que los recursos de RA despiertan en ellos la motivación de utilizarlo, por su fácil uso y la interacción que experimentan entre el contenido y los objetos virtuales, generando conocimiento con entretenimiento. Sin embargo, desde la perspectiva del estudiantado la adopción de la RA por parte del profesorado será un reto que los docentes deben abordar, dado que su implementación exigirá desarrollar competencias tecnológicas, pedagógicas y de contenido para una adecuada aplicación en el aula. This study analyzes the impact of augmented reality (AR) as a support resource in the teaching-learning process (E-L) of Human Anatomy. For this purpose, a quantitative, quasi-experimental, expository, cross-sectional, descriptive, descriptive research was designed by forming two groups of students who received training in anatomy. The first group, called the control group, made up of 31 students, used traditional teaching resources such as texts, models, drawings, presentations, etc. At the same time, the same subject matter was taught to 31 students; At the end of the experiment, an evaluation of 20 reagents was applied to each group, obtaining the following results: the control group obtained a mean of 2.77 out of 10 and a standard deviation of 0.956, while the experimental group obtained a mean of 7.97 out of 10 and a standard deviation of 0.875. On the other hand, a 10-question survey was applied to the experimental group regarding the use of AR, which showed full satisfaction with the experience received and consider that AR resources awaken in them the motivation to use it, due to its ease of use and the interaction they experience between the content and virtual objects, generating knowledge with entertainment. However, from the students' perspective, the adoption of AR by teachers will be a challenge that teachers must address, since its implementation will require the development of technological, pedagogical and content competencies for an adequate application in the classroom.

scholarly journals Symptom Co-occurrences Associated with Smoking in Individuals with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Newland ◽  
Louise Flick ◽  
Hong Xian ◽  
Florian P. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of tobacco on the multiple sclerosis (MS) disease process and symptoms is complex and not clearly understood. Tobacco may be used to self-treat some symptoms but also seems to intensify others. Studies to date have not characterized co-occurring symptoms (symptom patterns) and their association with tobacco use. Methods: This study describes tobacco use in patients with relapsing-remitting MS and associated symptoms and symptom co-occurrences. In this cross-sectional study, 101 participants with an average age of 43 years completed a survey adapted from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the revised MS-Related Symptom Checklist. Data reduction was performed using factor analysis on the 43 items of the checklist, and linear regression was used to detect associations between symptom clusters (factors) and smoking. Results: Using the factor analysis result, the linear regression analysis found that tobacco use is positively associated with co-occurring symptoms and symptoms of factor 1: Mental/Emotional (anxiety, loneliness, depression, and difficulty sleeping) and factor 4: Neuro/Autonomic (urinary). Conclusions: Smoking is associated with patterns of symptoms. The study of MS and tobacco use over time will allow determination of the temporal pattern of tobacco use and MS symptoms.

scholarly journals CUPID COVID-19: emergency department attendance by paediatric patients during COVID-19 - project protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Thérèse McDonnell ◽  
Eilish McAuliffe ◽  
Michael Barrett ◽  
Ciara Conlon ◽  
Fergal Cummins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Healthcare Utilisation ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
The Impact

Background: Measures introduced to delay the spread of COVID-19 may result in avoidance of emergency departments (EDs) for non-COVID related illness. Clinicians and medical representative bodies such as the Irish Association for Emergency Medicine (IAEM) have expressed concern that some patients may not seek timely urgent medical intervention. Evidence from previous epidemics found that hospital avoidance during outbreaks of MERS and SARS was common. While ED attendance returned to normal following SARS and MERS, both outbreaks lasted 2-3 months. As the COVID-19 pandemic is forecast to extend into 2021, little is known about the impact COVID-19 will have on paediatric attendance at EDs as the pandemic evolves. Aims: This project aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on paediatric emergency healthcare utilisation, to understand how the health seeking behaviour of parents may have altered due to the pandemic, and to identify how any barriers to accessing care can be removed.   Methods: Administrative data records from five EDs across Ireland and one Urgent Care Centre will be analysed to identify temporal trends in attendances for emergency care. Qualitative inquiry will be utilised to capture the experience of staff providing emergency healthcare to paediatric patients during COVID-19, and their feedback on identified trends will inform the interpretation of findings. A cross-sectional survey of parents will capture experiences, concerns and decision-making on accessing healthcare for their children during the pandemic. Results and Conclusion: This information will help decision makers respond rapidly to meet the clinical needs of paediatric patients as the circumstances of the pandemic unfold and reduce the disruption to normal paediatric ED services during the onset of COVID-19. As the health of a child can deteriorate more rapidly than that of an adult, any delay in seeking care for an acutely ill child may have serious consequences.

scholarly journals Navigating on the precursors of work readiness amongst students in Johannesburg, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khensani Magagula ◽  
Eugine T. Maziriri ◽  
Musawenkosi D. Saurombe
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Work Readiness ◽  
South African Context ◽  
The South ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
African Context ◽  
The Impact

Orientation: Research has been conducted regarding work readiness in a various contexts. However, there are deficiencies in studies that have focused on the precursors of work readiness in an African context.Research purpose: The primary objective of this study was to determine the impact of career self-efficacy (CSE), career exploration (CE) and self-perceived employability (SPE) on work readiness (WR) of students in the South African context, particularly in the Gauteng Province.Motivation for the study: There is an unequivocal gap between what educational institutions teach as well as what the South African labour market requires, highlighting a misalignment and one of many reasons graduates struggle to find work.Research approach/design and method: To close the research gap, the current study used a quantitative approach using the cross-sectional survey research design. A structured questionnaire was administered to 254 randomly selected students. The collected data were analysed using structural equation modelling.Main findings: The hypotheses testing results revealed that the WR was influenced significantly and positively by CSE, CE and SPE.Practical/managerial implications: The present research provides implications from which managers of institutions of higher learning can benefit. For instance, ensuring that experiential learning is involved in all the programmes. This will be more advantageous to students who would like to evaluate themselves to determine if they are work ready.Contribution/value-add: This study adds fresh understanding regarding the precursors that stimulate work readiness among students in a South African context.

scholarly journals Using Peer Crowd Affiliation to Address Dual Use of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes among San Francisco Bay Area Young Adults: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7643
Author(s):  
Nhung Nguyen ◽  
Louisa M. Holmes ◽  
Minji Kim ◽  
Pamela M. Ling
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Peer Crowds

Given the emerging tobacco landscape, dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes has increased among young adults, but little is known about its associated factors. Peer crowds, defined as macro-level connections between individuals with similar core values (e.g., “Hip Hop” describing a group that prefers hip hop music and values strength, honor, and respect), are a promising way to understand tobacco use patterns. We examined associations between peer crowds and tobacco use patterns by using data from a cross sectional survey of 1340 young adults in the San Francisco Bay Area in 2014. Outcomes were the past 30-day use of: neither cigarettes nor e-cigarettes; cigarettes but not e-cigarettes; e-cigarettes but not cigarettes; and both cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Peer crowds included Hipster, Hip Hop, Country, Partier, Homebody, and Young Professional. Multinomial regression analysis indicated that peer crowds were significantly associated with different tobacco use patterns. Compared to Young Professionals, Hip Hop and Hipster crowds were more likely to dual use; Hipsters were more likely to use e-cigarettes only, and Country participants were more likely to smoke cigarettes only. These findings suggest that tobacco control campaigns and cessation interventions should be tailored to different young adult peer crowds and address poly-tobacco use.

Youth Knowledge of Tobacco 21 and its Association With Intention to Use Tobacco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Dai ◽  
Lisa Chaney ◽  
Edward Ellerbeck ◽  
Ressa Friggeri ◽  
Nancy White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Survey Knowledge ◽  
Communities That Care ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Educational Campaigns ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Raising the minimum legal age (MLA) of tobacco sales from 18 to 21 (Tobacco 21 [T21]) has recently been implemented nationwide as a method to reduce tobacco use, but empirical data on youth knowledge of T21 policies and related pathways to tobacco use are limited. Methods Data were collected from the 2018 Kansas Communities That Care Student Survey. Knowledge of the MLA was compared between T21 and non-T21 regions using a quasi-experimental design. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were conducted to assess the association between knowledge of the MLA, influencing factors, and intention to use tobacco. Results Of 16 949 students (aged between 11 and 18) completing the T21 survey, fewer students responded correctly about the MLA in T21 than in non-T21 regions (37.4% vs. 46.3% responded correctly, 27.6% vs. 24.2% responded incorrectly, respectively). In T21 regions, Hispanics and students who support T21 were more likely to respond correctly about the MLA. Among current non-tobacco users in T21 regions, students who responded correctly about the MLA were less likely to report intention to use tobacco (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.6–0.8]) than those who responded incorrectly. The pathway from knowledge of the MLA to intention to use tobacco was significantly mediated by increased support for T21 (p = .002), perceived difficulty in accessing cigarettes (p = .042), and reduced susceptibility to peer influence (p = .027). Conclusions Knowledge of the MLA was inversely associated with intention to use tobacco among youth. Educational campaigns to raise awareness and support for T21 among youth may improve the impact of T21 policies. Implications This study examined youth knowledge of the MLA to purchase tobacco products, and whether knowledge of the MLA was associated with reduced intention to use tobacco. It also examined other influencing factors (eg, perceived support for T21) and potential mediation pathways linking knowledge of the MLA with intention to use tobacco. Given the nationwide adoption of T21, educational campaigns to promote knowledge of the policy may improve its impact.

The impact of gardening on nutrition and physical health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Watinee Kunpeuk ◽  
William Spence ◽  
Sirinya Phulkerd ◽  
Rapeepong Suphanchaimat ◽  
Siriwan Pitayarangsarit
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Community Gardening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Community gardening has been widely recognized as a multicomponent approach that has affected a broad range of health and well-being outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between community gardening and nutrition and physical health among adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Five electronic databases were searched systematically. Quality of included studies was appraised by several quality assessment tools related to the study design of each included article. Evidence from 19 articles was included (14 cross-sectional studies, 4 quasi-experimental studies and 1 case–control study). Although the majority of included studies appeared to have moderate quality, there existed weaknesses in the methods used, including low response rate and lack of confounder controls. Due to diversity in the measurement units, only body mass index (BMI) data could be pooled to perform meta-analysis. The results suggest that gardening had a significantly positive effect on BMI reduction. Subgroup analysis showed that quasi-experimental and case–control studies produced greater pooled effect size than those of cross-sectional design. Funnel plot and Egger’s test showed no significant evidence of publication bias. As robust evidence for the effect of community gardening on BMI reduction was found, this intervention should be integrated in health promoting policy to improve population health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document