scholarly journals Analysis of Light-Independent Anthocyanin Accumulation in Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Bin Shi ◽  
Hongxia Wu ◽  
Bin Zheng ◽  
Minjie Qian ◽  
Aiping Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Young Fruit ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Anthocyanin Concentration

Light dependent anthocyanin accumulation contributes to the red pigmentation of the fruit skin of mango (Mangifera indica L.). Light-independent pigmentation has also been reported, but remains poorly characterized. In this study, the pigmentation patterns in the skin of two red mango cultivars, ‘Ruby’ and ‘Sensation’, were evaluated. Metabolomic profiling revealed that quercetin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, procyanidin B1, and procyanidin B3 are the predominant flavonoid compounds in the skin of ‘Ruby’ and ‘Sensation’ fruit. Young fruit skin mainly accumulates flavonol and proanthocyanidin, while anthocyanin is mainly accumulated in the skin of mature fruit. Bagging treatment inhibited the biosynthesis of flovonol and anthocyanin, but promoted the accumulation of proanthocyanidin. Compared with ‘Sensation’, matured ‘Ruby’ fruit skin showed light red pigmentation at 120 days after full bloom (DAFB), showing a light-independent anthocyanin accumulation pattern. However, the increase of anthocyanin concentration, and the expression of key anthocyanin structural and regulatory genes MiUFGT1, MiUFGT3, and MiMYB1 in the skin of bagged ‘Ruby’ fruit versus ‘Sensation’ at 120 DAFB was very limited. There was no mutation in the crucial elements of MiMYB1 promoter between ‘Ruby’ and ‘Sensation’. We hypothesize that the light-independent anthocyanin accumulation in the skin of mature ‘Ruby’ fruit is regulated by plant hormones, and that ‘Ruby’ can be used for breeding of new more easily pigmented red mango cultivars.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Anthocyanin Synthesis and Ethylene Production in the Fruit of Early- and Medium-maturing Apple Cultivars during Ripening Stages

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1510-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikako Honda ◽  
Hideo Bessho ◽  
Mari Murai ◽  
Hiroshi Iwanami ◽  
Shigeki Moriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Climatic Condition ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Anthocyanin Concentration

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature treatments on anthocyanin accumulation and ethylene production in the fruit of early- and medium-maturing cultivars that were harvested early during fruit ripening. We first investigated the effects of various temperature treatments on anthocyanin accumulation in detached apples of ‘Tsugaru’, ‘Tsugaru Hime’, ‘Akane’ and ‘Akibae’ using an incubator. Three years of experiments demonstrated that at harvest, the lower-temperature treatments induced anthocyanin accumulation in ‘Tsugaru’, ‘Tsugaru Hime’, and ‘Akibae’ fruits, whereas the increases in anthocyanin accumulation under the 25 °C treatment were similar to those under the 15 and 20 °C treatments in ‘Akane’ fruit. The rate of ethylene production did not increase substantially during the temperature treatments in any of the four cultivars, except after the treatments of ‘Tsugaru’ fruit at harvest. The inhibition of ethylene action by the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) to detached fruits at harvest suppressed anthocyanin development under 15 and 20 °C temperature treatments in ‘Tsugaru’, ‘Tsugaru Hime’, and ‘Akibae’, but not in ‘Akane’. In the second experiment, we investigated changes in the anthocyanin concentration in attached fruit of ‘Misuzu Tsugaru’ under different temperature conditions in a greenhouse. At harvest, the anthocyanin concentration in fruit under the hotter climatic condition (29 °C 12 hours/19 °C 12 hours) was lower than that under the control condition (25 °C 12 hours/15 °C 12 hours). During the last week before harvest, anthocyanin development proceeded rapidly in fruit skin not only under the control condition, but also under the hotter climatic condition. The rapid accumulation of anthocyanin in the fruit skin of ‘Misuzu Tsugaru’ at harvest under a relatively high temperature (25 °C) condition was confirmed by the experiment using an incubator. At harvest, the maximum level of ethylene production in fruits sampled from trees grown under the hotter climatic condition was 9-fold higher than that in fruits from trees grown under the control condition. These results indicate that the comparison of pigmentation potential after the 15 or 25 °C treatments using detached fruit was effective for estimating anthocyanin accumulation in fruit skins under hotter climatic conditions in early- and medium-maturing cultivars that were harvested early and that a hotter climatic condition during ripening increased ethylene production in apple fruit after harvest.

scholarly journals Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Integrated Analysis of Acer mandshuricum to Reveal Candidate Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Accumulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikai Zhang ◽  
Wang Zhan ◽  
Anran Sun ◽  
Ying Xie ◽  
Zhiming Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Red Color

Abstract The red color formation of Acer mandshuricum leaves is caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins primarily, but the molecular mechanism researches which underlie anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. mandshuricum were still lacking. Therefore, we combined the transcriptome and metabolome and analyzed the regulatory mechanism and accumulation pattern of anthocyanins in leaf color change periods in three different leaf color states. In our results, 26 anthocyanins were identified. Notably, the metabolite cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was found that significantly correlated with the color formation, was the predominant metabolite in anthocyanin biosynthesis of A. mandshuricum. By the way, two key structural genes ANS (Cluster-20561.86285) and BZ1 (Cluster-20561.99238) in anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated in RL, suggesting that they might enhance accumulation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside which is their downstream metabolite, and contributed the red formation of A. mandshuricum leaves. Additionally, most TFs (e.g., MYBs, bZIPs and bHLHs) were detected differentially expressed in three leaf color stages that could participate in anthocyanin accumulation. This study sheds light on the anthocyanin molecular regulation of anthocyanidin bio-synthesis and accumulation underlying the different leaf color change periods in A. mandshuricum, and it could provide basic theory and new insight for the leaf color related genetic improvement of A. mandshuricum.

scholarly journals PbGA2ox8 induces vascular-related anthocyanin accumulation and contributes to red stripe formation on pear fruit

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhai ◽  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Chengquan Yang ◽  
Kui Lin-Wang ◽  
Richard Espley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Region ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Bud Sport ◽  
Transient Overexpression

AbstractFruit with stripes, which are generally longitudinal, can occur naturally, but the bioprocesses underlying this phenomenon are unclear. Previously, we observed an atypical anthocyanin distribution that caused red-striped fruit on the spontaneous pear bud sport “Red Zaosu” (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.). In this study, comparative transcriptome analysis of the sport and wild-type “Zaosu” revealed that this atypical anthocyanin accumulation was tightly correlated with abnormal overexpression of the gene-encoding gibberellin (GA) 2-beta-dioxygenase 8, PbGA2ox8. Consistently, decreased methylation was also observed in the promoter region of PbGA2ox8 from “Red Zaosu” compared with “Zaosu”. Moreover, the GA levels in “Red Zaosu” seedlings were lower than those in “Zaosu” seedlings, and the application of exogenous GA4 reduced abnormal anthocyanin accumulation in “Red Zaosu”. Transient overexpression of PbGA2ox8 reduced the GA4 level and caused anthocyanin accumulation in pear fruit skin. Moreover, the presence of red stripes indicated anthocyanin accumulation in the hypanthial epidermal layer near vascular branches (VBs) in “Red Zaosu”. Transient overexpression of PbGA2ox8 resulting from vacuum infiltration induced anthocyanin accumulation preferentially in calcium-enriched areas near the vascular bundles in pear leaves. We propose a fruit-striping mechanism, in which the abnormal overexpression of PbGA2ox8 in “Red Zaosu” induces the formation of a longitudinal array of anthocyanin stripes near vascular bundles in fruit.

scholarly journals Biochemical and molecular effects of yeast extract applications on anthocyanin accumulation in cv. Sangiovese.

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Chiara Pastore ◽  
Gianluca Allegro ◽  
Gabriele Valentini ◽  
Emilia Colucci ◽  
Fabrizio Battista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Anthocyanin Concentration ◽  
Molecular Effects

The effect of biotic and abiotic elicitors on the secondary metabolism in grapevine is gaining a lot of interest, as it has been shown that they can increase the accumulation of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins in particular. The aim of this research was to verify the biochemical and molecular effects of the application of LalVigne™ MATURE (Lallemand, St. Simon, France), 100% inactivated natural yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the anthocyanin accumulation in potted plants of Sangiovese. In both years, LVM plants did not differ from C in technological ripening at harvest. A significant increase in anthocyanin concentration and the expression of genes involved in their biosynthesis was found in 2016 in LVM grapes compared to C, while in 2017, a year with extremely warm temperatures, the anthocyanins of C and LVM were comparable, despite a slight increase in LVM after the second treatment.

scholarly journals Water Influx through the Wetted Surface of a Sweet Cherry Fruit: Evidence for an Associated Solute Efflux

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Andreas Winkler ◽  
Deborah Riedel ◽  
Daniel Alexandre Neuwald ◽  
Moritz Knoche
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Bathing Solution ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
And Storage

Sweet cherries are susceptible to rain-cracking. The fruit skin is permeable to water, but also to solutes. The objectives of this study were to (1) establish whether a solute efflux occurs when a sweet cherry fruit is incubated in water; (2) identify the solutes involved; (3) identify the mechanism(s) of efflux; and (4) quantify any changes in solute efflux occurring during development and storage. Solute efflux was gravimetrically measured in wetted fruit as the increasing dry mass of the bathing solution, and anthocyanin efflux was measured spectrophotometrically. Solute and anthocyanin effluxes from a wetted fruit and water influx increased with time. All fluxes were higher for the cracked than for the non-cracked fruit. The effluxes of osmolytes and anthocyanins were positively correlated. Solute efflux depended on the stage of development and on the cultivar. In ‘Regina’, the solute efflux was lowest during stage II (25 days after full bloom (DAFB)), highest for mid-stage III (55 DAFB), and slightly lower at maturity (77 DAFB). In contrast with ‘Regina’, solute efflux in ‘Burlat’ increased continuously towards maturity, being 4.8-fold higher than in ‘Regina’. Results showed that solute efflux occurred from wetted fruit. The gravimetrically determined water uptake represents a net mass change—the result of an influx minus a solute efflux.

scholarly journals Differences among the Anthocyanin Accumulation Patterns and Related Gene Expression Levels in Red Pears

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wu ◽  
Jianlong Liu ◽  
Linyan Song ◽  
Xieyu Li ◽  
Liu Cong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Coloration Patterns ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analyses ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Differences in coloration exist among red pear cultivars. Here, we selected six red pear cultivars with different genetic backgrounds to elucidate the characteristics of fruit pigmentation. We detected anthocyanin contents and the expression levels of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes in these cultivars at different stages of fruit development. The anthocyanin contents of all six cultivars showed a rise–drop tendency. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to distinguish the types of cultivars and the genes crucial to each anthocyanin accumulation pattern. The six cultivars were divided into three groups. Red Zaosu were clustered into one group, Red Sichou and Starkrimson into another group, and Palacer, Red Bartlett, and 5 Hao clustered into a third group. The expression levels of F3H, UFGT2, MYB10, and bHLH3 were similar among the differential coloration patterns of the six cultivars, suggesting a critical and coordinated mechanism for anthocyanin synthesis. Anthocyanin transporters (GST) and light-responsive genes, such as COP1, PIF3.1, and PIF3.2 played limited roles in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation. This study provides novel insights into the regulation of anthocyanins synthesis and accumulation in red pears.

scholarly journals Extent of variability in fruit morphological characters of local mango germplasm

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurbir Singh ◽  
Sukhdev Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Greenish Yellow ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Medium Type

  A study was conducted on twenty five genotypes of seedling Mangoes to examine fruit morphological characters. Fruit shape of the evaluated germplasm varied enormously and fruits of obovoid, elliptic, round and oblong shapes were found. Fruit apex shape in the evaluated plants was round, acute and obtuse. Depth of fruit stalk cavity was either absent, shallow and of medium type, whereas, fruit neck prominence was absent to slightly prominent in the tested plants. Shape of fruit ventral shoulder was varied and found to be slopping abruptly, rising and then rounded and long curve type in the evaluated germplasm. Fruit beak varies from pointed to perceptible type and fruit sinus was absent to shallow type in the fruits from different plants. Fruit attractiveness varies from very good to excellent and fruit colour from greenish yellow to green colour of fruit skin at maturity was noted in fruits from selected trees. Peel colour of AA-15 was different amongst all the genotypes which were green with red blush. Pulp colour varied from light orange, yellow orange, orange yellow, yellow and light yellow, whereas, pulp texture was soft to intermediate in the evaluated germplasm. Key words: Mangifera indica; Genotype susceptibility; Punjab; India.  

scholarly journals Combined transcriptome and metabolome integrated analysis of Acer mandshuricum to reveal candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikai Zhang ◽  
Wang Zhan ◽  
Anran Sun ◽  
Ying Xie ◽  
Zhiming Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Red Color

AbstractThe red color formation of Acer mandshuricum leaves is caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins primarily, but the molecular mechanism researches which underlie anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. mandshuricum were still lacking. Therefore, we combined the transcriptome and metabolome and analyzed the regulatory mechanism and accumulation pattern of anthocyanins in three different leaf color states. In our results, 26 anthocyanins were identified. Notably, the metabolite cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was found that significantly correlated with the color formation, was the predominant metabolite in anthocyanin biosynthesis of A. mandshuricum. By the way, two key structural genes ANS (Cluster-20561.86285) and BZ1 (Cluster-20561.99238) in anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated in RL, suggesting that they might enhance accumulation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside which is their downstream metabolite, and contributed the red formation of A. mandshuricum leaves. Additionally, most TFs (e.g., MYBs, bZIPs and bHLHs) were detected differentially expressed in three leaf color stages that could participate in anthocyanin accumulation. This study sheds light on the anthocyanin molecular regulation of anthocyanidin biosynthesis and accumulation underlying the different leaf color change periods in A. mandshuricum, and it could provide basic theory and new insight for the leaf color related genetic improvement of A. mandshuricum.

scholarly journals Changes in Jasmonates of Mangoes during Development and Storage after Varying Harvest Times

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Kondo ◽  
Futoshi Yazama ◽  
Kasinee Sungcome ◽  
Sirichai Kanlayanarat ◽  
Hideharu Seto
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
And Storage

Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were quantified in the skin, pulp, and seeds of `Nam Dok Mai' and `Nang Klangwan' mangoes (Mangifera indica L.). JA showed similar changes during development in both cultivars of fruit. JA concentrations were high in the early growth stages of skin and pulp development, decreased with days after full bloom (DAFB), and then increased again during ripening. JA concentrations in the skin were higher than those in the pulp. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentrations in the skin and pulp of both cultivars increased toward harvest. Differing with JA, ACC concentrations in the pulp were high compared with the skin. This fact suggests that although JA and ACC are associated with the ripening of mangoes, they may play different roles. JA concentrations in the seeds of both cultivars decreased toward harvest, possibly suggesting a lack of dormancy in mango seeds. Changes in jasmonates during storage were also examined. JA content in the skin and pulp increased in stored fruit. In addition, the increase in JA content was largest in fruit that lost the most fresh weight. This suggests that JA accumulation that occurs during fruit senescence is associated with moisture loss.

scholarly journals Young Fruit and Auxin Transport Inhibitors Affect the Response of Mature `Valencia' Oranges to Abscission Materials via Changing Endogenous Plant Hormones

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongcai Yuan ◽  
Walter J. Kender ◽  
Jacqueline K. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Young Fruit ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Endogenous Plant Hormones ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Transport Inhibitors ◽  
Auxin Transport Inhibitors ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The effects of removal of young fruit and application of auxin transport inhibitors on endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations were examined in relation to the response of mature `Valencia' orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] fruit to abscission materials. ABA concentrations were increased in the fruit abscission zone and pulp but not in the pedicel, peel, or seed of mature fruit by removal of young fruit during the period of reduced response of mature fruit to abscission materials in early May. However, removal of young fruit slightly decreased IAA concentrations in leaves and the abscission zone and pedicel of mature fruit but had no effect on the IAA concentrations in the peel, pulp, or seed of mature fruit. Young fruit had higher IAA concentrations in the abscission zone and pedicel than mature fruit. Application of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), an IAA transport inhibitor, reduced IAA concentrations in the abscission zone of mature fruit but did not influence the IAA concentrations in the pedicel and peel when applied directly to an absorbent collar tied around the pedicel 2 cm above the fruit abscission zone during the less responsive period in early May. ABA concentrations were increased drastically in the fruit abscission zone and pedicel but not in peel by TIBA application. Applications of ABA, or IAA transport inhibitors such as naringenin, quercetin, or TIBA comparably increased the response of mature fruit to the abscission material 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1 H-pyrazole (CMN-pyrazole) in early May. These data suggest that young fruit reduce the response of mature `Valencia' oranges to abscission materials through increasing IAA concentrations and decreasing ABA concentrations in the abscission zone of mature `Valencia' orangees.

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