Elateriospermum tapos Supplementation in Dams Ameliorating Obesity Development and Stress Hormone Level among Adult Male Offspring

: Maternal obesity is a metabolic disorder described by chronic inflammation and an increase of stress hormones, influencing non-communicable diseases in offspring. Elateriospermum tapos has the potential as an antioxidant and inhibitor of lipids (pancreatic lipase) and carbohydrates (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) which are beneficial to combat obesity and diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of E. tapos supplementation in obese rats prior to pregnancy on the dam and male offspring body weight and the level of stress hormones—adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT). Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. Six rats were assigned to a normal diet (DND) group fed with a standard chow diet. The remaining rats were fed with a high-fat and cafeteria diet (HFCD) to generate obesity for five weeks. The obese rats were further divided into four groups (n = 6/group); dams negative control group (DNC, normal saline), dams positive control group (DPC, 200 mg/kg body weight of orlistat), dams treatment 1 group (DTX1, 200 mg/kg BW of E. tapos seed) and dams treatment 2 group (DTX2, 200 mg/kg BW of E. tapos shell). The treatment was given for six weeks daily before mating. At weaning, male offspring were designated into six groups according to their dam’s group (n = 6/group) and continued with the cafeteria diet except for the control group. The offspring were culled at 12 weeks of age for blood sample collections. DTX2 and their male adult offspring showed significantly lower body weight compared to DNC and their male offspring. Male offspring from DTX2 also showed significantly low ACTH and CORT levels compared to male offspring from the DNC group and a comparable level with the DND group. E. tapos shell supplementation was effective in reducing the development of obesity and suppressed stress through the regulation of ACTH and CORT release in male adult offspring.

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Chronic photoperiodic manipulation induced chronodisruption upregulates HSP60 during early pro-atherogenic remodeling in thoracic aorta of C57BL/6J mice

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology ◽

10.1186/s41936-021-00205-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kavita Shirsath ◽

Apeksha Joshi ◽

Aliasgar Vohra ◽

Ranjitsinh Devkar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Thoracic Aorta ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Circadian Disruption ◽

Control Group ◽

Chow Diet ◽

Heat Shock Protein 60 ◽

Lipid Parameters

Abstract Background Circadian disruption is often associated with aggravation of atherosclerosis; however, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying atherogenic initiation in normolipidemic diet remains unclear. Most of the studies done for understanding circadian disruption induced atherosclerosis have been carried out in murine model of hyperlipidemia induced atherosclerosis. The present study investigates pro-atherogenic events in response to chronic photoperiodic manipulation induced chronodisruption (PMCD) in C57BL/6J mice fed with laboratory chow diet. Results The results were compared with atherogenic initiation induced by high fat high fructose (HFHF) diet. The combined effects of HFHF and PMCD on atherogenic initiation were also investigated for possible synergy of both variants. The HFHF and HFHF+PMCD groups recorded increments in body weight gains and serum lipid parameters (TC, TG, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL) and a decrement in HDL-cholesterol as compared to the control group. However, PMCD group recorded body weight gain similar to that of the control group, but the serum lipid parameters (TG and VLDL) were significantly elevated and the HDL levels were lowered. However, prominent hypertrophic remodeling, higher collagen deposition, and elastin derangement, along with endothelial dysfunction, its activation, and macrophage infiltration, were observed in thoracic aorta of all the three experimental groups. But the mRNA and immunoblots of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) in thoracic aorta was found to be maximum in PMCD followed by HFHF and HFHF+PMCD groups. Conclusion Laboratory chow feeding coupled with photoperiodic manipulation mediated chronodisruption overexpress HSP60 that in turn plays a central role in PMCD mediated pro-atherogenic remodeling in thoracic aorta of C57BL/6J mice.

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Protective mechanisms of resveratrol against ischemia-reperfusion-induced damage in hearts obtained from Zucker obese rats: the role of GLUT-4 and endothelin

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.01048.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 294 (2) ◽

pp. H859-H866 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Istvan Lekli ◽

Gergo Szabo ◽

Bela Juhasz ◽

Samarjit Das ◽

Manika Das ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Ventricular Fibrillation ◽

Infarct Size ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Control Group ◽

Glut 4 ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Glucose Intake ◽

Obese Rats

The resveratrol-induced cardiac protection was studied in Zucker obese rats. Rats were divided into five groups: group 1, lean control; group 2, obese control (OC); group 3, obese rats treated orally with 5 mg·kg−1·day−1 of resveratrol (OR) for 2 wk; group 4, obese rats received 10% glucose solution ad libitum for 3 wk (OG); and group 5, obese rats received 10% glucose for 3 wk and resveratrol (OGR) during the 2nd and 3rd wk. Body weight, serum glucose, and insulin were measured, and then hearts were isolated and subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Heart rate, coronary flow, aortic flow, developed pressure, the incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation, and infarct size were measured. Resveratrol reduced body weight and serum glucose in the OR compared with the OC values (414 ± 10 g and 7.08 ± 0.41 mmol/l, respectively, to 378 ± 12 g and 6.11 ± 0.44 mmol/l), but insulin levels were unchanged. The same results were obtained for the OG vs. OGR group. Resveratrol improved postischemic cardiac function in the presence or absence of glucose intake compared with the resveratrol-free group. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation and infarct size was reduced by 83 and 20% in the OR group, and 67 and 16% in the OGR group, compared with the OC and OG groups, respectively. Resveratrol increased GLUT-4 expression and reduced endothelin expression and cardiac apoptosis in ischemic-reperfused hearts in the presence or absence of glucose intake. Thus the protective effect of resveratrol could be related to its direct effects on the heart.

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Maternal Melatonin Therapy Attenuates Methyl-Donor Diet-Induced Programmed Hypertension in Male Adult Rat Offspring

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10101407 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1407 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

You-Lin Tain ◽

Julie Chan ◽

Chien-Te Lee ◽

Chien-Ning Hsu

Keyword(s):

Methylation Status ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Male Offspring ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Deficient Diet ◽

Male Adult ◽

Methyl Donor ◽

Adult Rat

Although pregnant women are advised to consume methyl-donor food, some reports suggest an adverse outcome. We investigated whether maternal melatonin therapy can prevent hypertension induced by a high methyl-donor diet. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received either a normal diet, a methyl-deficient diet (L-MD), or a high methyl-donor diet (H-MD) during gestation and lactation. Male offspring were assigned to four groups (n = 7–8/group): control, L-MD, H-MD, and H-MD rats were given melatonin (100 mg/L) with their drinking water throughout the period of pregnancy and lactation (H-MD+M). At 12 weeks of age, male offspring exposed to a L-MD or a H-MD diet developed programmed hypertension. Maternal melatonin therapy attenuated high methyl-donor diet-induced programmed hypertension. A maternal L-MD diet and H-MD diet caused respectively 938 and 806 renal transcripts to be modified in adult offspring. The protective effects of melatonin against programmed hypertension relate to reduced oxidative stress, increased urinary NO2− level, and reduced renal expression of sodium transporters. A H-MD or L-MD diet may upset the balance of methylation status, leading to alterations of renal transcriptome and programmed hypertension. A better understanding of reprogramming effects of melatonin might aid in developing a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of hypertension in adult offspring exposed to an excessive maternal methyl-supplemented diet.

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Effects of ligature-induced periodontitis in pregnant Wistar rats

Pesquisa Odontológica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s1517-74912003000100010 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 51-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mariane Ponzio de Azevedo Galvão ◽

Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing ◽

Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Female Adult ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Male Adult

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ligature-induced periodontal disease in pregnant rats on their newborn's health parameters. Twenty-four female adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the control group (G1) and the group that was submitted to dental ligatures around second upper molars (G2). After the four week period of development of periodontitis, the female animals were mated with male adult Wistar rats. There were no differences in the body weight of females between the two groups during mating and pregnancy. No differences were observed among the groups in relation to the viable newborn index. However, there were differences in newborn birth weight, explained by the diverse size of the litters. In this study, ligature-induced periodontal disease did not promote changes during pregnancy that resulted in low birth weight in newborn Wistar rats.

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Paternal low protein diet affects adult offspring cardiovascular and metabolic function in mice

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00981.2013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 306 (10) ◽

pp. H1444-H1452 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Adam J. Watkins ◽

Kevin D. Sinclair

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Vascular Dysfunction ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Male Offspring ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Low Protein Diet ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Low Protein ◽

The Impact

Although the association between maternal periconceptional diet and adult offspring health is well characterised, our understanding of the impact of paternal nutrition at the time of conception on offspring phenotype remains poorly defined. Therefore, we determined the effect of a paternal preconception low protein diet (LPD) on adult offspring cardiovascular and metabolic health in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either normal protein diet (NPD; 18% casein) or LPD (9% casein) for 7 wk before mating. At birth, a reduced male-to-female ratio ( P = 0.03) and increased male offspring weight ( P = 0.009) were observed in litters from LPD compared with NPD stud males with no differences in mean litter size. LPD offspring were heavier than NPD offspring at 2 and 3 wk of age ( P < 0.02). However, no subsequent differences in body weight were observed. Adult male offspring derived from LPD studs developed relative hypotension (decreased by 9.2 mmHg) and elevated heart rate ( P < 0.05), whereas both male and female offspring displayed vascular dysfunction and impaired glucose tolerance relative to NPD offspring. At cull (24 wk), LPD males had elevated adiposity ( P = 0.04), reduced heart-to-body weight ratio ( P = 0.04), and elevated circulating TNF-α levels ( P = 0.015) compared with NPD males. Transcript expression in offspring heart and liver tissue was reduced for genes involved in calcium signaling ( Adcy, Plcb, Prkcb) and metabolism ( Fto) in LPD offspring ( P < 0.03). These novel data reveal the impact of suboptimal paternal nutrition on adult offspring cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis, and provide some insight into the underlying regulatory mechanisms.

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Effect of crataegus oxyacanta on antioxidant status in isoproterenol- induced myocardial infarction in male adult rats.

Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.18502/ssu.v26i11.550 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Reza Karamibonari

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Body Weight ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Heart Tissue ◽

Control Group ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Male Adult ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I

Introdution: Crataegus oxycanta (hawthorn) is used in herbal and homeopathic medicine as a cardiotonic.The present study was done to investigate the effect of the Crataegus oxycanta on antioxidant status in induced myocardial infarction in rat. Methods: In this experimental study, four groups of wistar rats (200-220g) each comprising 10 animals, were selected for this study. Group I, rats served as control. Group II rats were given isoperternol (85mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously on 15th and 16th days. Group III rats were given Crataegus oxycanta (100mg/kg/day), orally for 30 days. Group IV rats were given Crataegus oxycanta (100mg/kg/day), orally for 30 days and isoperternol (85mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously) was given on 15th and 16th days. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were anaesthetized and blood obtained from the heart then rats were sacrificed and the hearts were removed for biochemical and histological analysis. The activity of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and total antioxidants was studied. Descriptive one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used in different group. Significance was defined as P ≤ 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16. Results: Crataegus significantly reduced plasma and heart tissue MDA levels (p<0.05) and significantly increased catalase, SOD, GPX and total antioxidant levels versus the group that received only isoperternol (p<0.05 ). Crataegus also decreased the rate of edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and heart tissue necrosis compared to the group that received only isoperternol. Conclusion: The study confirms the protective effect of Crataegus oxycanta against tissue damage and oxidative stress caused by isoperternol induced myocardial infarction

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Effect of Obesity and/or Ligature-induced Periodontitis on Aortic Wall Thickness in Wistar Rats.

Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana ◽

10.54589/aol.33/1/050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 50-55

Author(s):

Andressa Moreira ◽

Alessandra Nicolini ◽

Eduardo Gaio ◽

Fernanda Visioli ◽

Cassiano Rösing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Wall Thickness ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Aortic Wall ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Cafeteria Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Aortic Wall Thickness

The purpose of this study was to evaluate aortic wall thickness after periodontal disease and/or obesity induction in a Wistar rat model.Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (CT), periodontal disease (PD), obesity (OB), and obesity plus periodontal disease (OB+PD). Groups OB and OB+PD received cafeteria diet for 17 weeks. After they had acquired obesity (week 12), periodontal disease was induced by placing a silk ligature on the maxillary right second molar of groups PD and OB+PD. During the experimental period, body weight and Lee index were assessed. Mean alveolar bone loss (ABL) was evaluated, and aortas were prepared for histometric analysis of the aortic wall by ImageJ software. Body weight and Lee index increased in rats exposed to cafeteria diet. Mean ABL was higher in Groups PD and OB+PD than in control and OB (p<0.05). ABL was 18% higher in Group OB+PD than in Group PD, with statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Aortas were thicker in Groups OB and OB+PD than in control and PD groups, respectively (2.31mm ± 0.28 and 2.33 ± 0.29 vs. 2.18 ± 0.26 and 2.14 ± 0.27). Group OB differed significantly from the control group (p=0.036), and OB+PD and OB differed significantly from PD (p=0.004 and p= 0.001, respectively). Obesity alters aortic wall thickness in Wistar rats. However, the presence of periodontal disease did not affect the aortic wall thickness under the conditions of the present study.

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LIVER TISSUES OF HYPERCALORIE DIET-INDUCED OBESE RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i1.15422 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 338 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bharatha Ambadasu ◽

Ramadevi S ◽

Naikawadi Aa ◽

Naveen Kumar M

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Weight ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Cafeteria Diet ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Obese Rats ◽

Diet Intake ◽

Liver Tissues

ABSTRACTObjectives: Hypercalorie diet intake has been associated with many long-term complications including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases,and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods: A total of 12 Wistar rats either sex were used in this study. These animals were randomly divided into two groups as control and obese rats.Group 1 consists of six rats weighing 150-200 g and fed with normal pellet chow. Another six rats were fed hypercalorie/cafeteria diet to induce obesity andincluded in the study after 19 weeks of age. All animals were sacrificed; liver tissues were collected, weighed and sent for the histopathological examination.Results: Weight of liver tissues of was significantly more in obese rats than the control rats. Histopathological examination shows an excessive fatdeposition and sinusoidal congestion in the liver tissues of obese rats.Conclusion: Increase in body weight is associated with the increase in fat deposition in the liver tissues which further develops into inflammationand necrosis of liver cells.Keywords: Wistar rats, Hypercalorie/cafeteria diet, Obese rats, Histopathological examination.

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Light microscopy studies on mice testis after the nutritional supplement chromium(III)-tris(picolinate)

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927613000858 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (S4) ◽

pp. 47-48

Author(s):

M. Ferreira ◽

T.M. Santos ◽

M.L. Pereira

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Animal Experiments ◽

Nutritional Supplement ◽

Seminiferous Tubules ◽

Control Group ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Male Adult ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Sugar Regulation ◽

Future Work

Cr(III)-tris(picolinate), [Cr(pic)3], is a very common dietary supplement, recommended for humans, cattle and swine. Chromium is considered an essential trace element, when in oxidation state +3, with some of its compounds seeming to have a beneficial effect on blood sugar regulation mechanisms. However, the safety of the use of a particularly popular Cr(III) compound, ie [Cr(pic)3], remains debatable. Clastogenic, and mutagenic features have been reported by Stearns and co-workers, although surrounded by a controversial and contradictory multitude of publications on this subject. The present work aims to study the effects of [Cr(pic)3] on mice spermatogenesis.Cr(III)-tris(picolinate) was synthesized and characterized according to the literature. Its composition as a mononuclear complex was tested by ESI-MS and by X-ray powder diffraction followed by single-crystal simulation calculations.Male adult CDI mice from Harlan (Spain) were divided in groups and orally given 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg/body weigh/daily of [Cr(pic)3] for two weeks. Controls were also done. Behaviour and body weight were monitored throughout the experiments. After sacrifice, testis were collected, weighed, and fixed in Bouin´s solution. Organs were then prepared for histology using routine techniques. Animal experiments were conducted according to ethics procedures. Histological sections of control group evidenced normal regular features (Fig. 1a). However considerable damage was observed in both experimental groups in a dose dependent manner. In fact, seminiferous tubules showed degenerative changes within epithelium, namely vacuolation and sloughing of immature germ cells into the lumen in the group given the lowest dose (Fig.1 b,c). The high dosed group displayed more conspicuous injury within testis, namely strongly atrophic seminiferous tubules devoid of germs cells and strong vacuolation (Figs.1d-f).The results of this study have shown an increased risk of adverse events in mice receiving 50 mg/kg/body weight of [Cr(pic)3]. However, little potential for adverse reproductive and developmental effects namely on progeny was recently described for male mice fed a diet containing 200 mg/kg/day [Cr(pic)3]. In conclusion, concerns about using dietary supplements based on [Cr(pic)3] remain to be elucidated in future work.This work was financed by CICECO, Aveiro University, Portugal.

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