scholarly journals Cancer Incidence Among Air Transportation Industry Workers Using the National Cohort Study of Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanhyung Lee ◽  
Mo-Yeol Kang ◽  
Jin-Ha Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Air Transportation ◽  
Flight Attendants ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Gender Stratification ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Employee Group ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
The Government

Background: There are increasing concerns regarding increased cancer risks in professional flight attendants due to their exposure to occupational hazards that are known or suspected to be carcinogenic. In this study, we aimed to analyze various cancer risks among a cohort of Korean air transportation industry workers. Methods: We used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database from 2002 to 2015. The age-standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for all types of cancers in the aircraft transport industry workers compared to government employees and the entire employee population were calculated with adjustment for five-year age ranges via the indirect standardized method with gender stratification. Results: Leukemia (ICD-10; C91–C95) showed significantly higher SIRs (95% confidence interval (CI)) compared to the government employee group (1.86, 1.15–2.84) and the whole employee group (1.77, 1.10–2.70). Conclusion: Air transportation industry workers have an increased risk of leukemia compared to other occupational groups.

scholarly journals Risk of Typical Diabetes-Associated Complications in Different Clusters of Diabetic Patients: Analysis of Nine Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Michael Leutner ◽  
Nils Haug ◽  
Luise Bellach ◽  
Elma Dervic ◽  
Alexander Kautzky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Complication Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

Objectives: Diabetic patients are often diagnosed with several comorbidities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between different combinations of risk factors and complications in diabetic patients. Research design and methods: We used a longitudinal, population-wide dataset of patients with hospital diagnoses and identified all patients (n = 195,575) receiving a diagnosis of diabetes in the observation period from 2003–2014. We defined nine ICD-10-codes as risk factors and 16 ICD-10 codes as complications. Using a computational algorithm, cohort patients were assigned to clusters based on the risk factors they were diagnosed with. The clusters were defined so that the patients assigned to them developed similar complications. Complication risk was quantified in terms of relative risk (RR) compared with healthy control patients. Results: We identified five clusters associated with an increased risk of complications. A combined diagnosis of arterial hypertension (aHTN) and dyslipidemia was shared by all clusters and expressed a baseline of increased risk. Additional diagnosis of (1) smoking, (2) depression, (3) liver disease, or (4) obesity made up the other four clusters and further increased the risk of complications. Cluster 9 (aHTN, dyslipidemia and depression) represented diabetic patients at high risk of angina pectoris “AP” (RR: 7.35, CI: 6.74–8.01), kidney disease (RR: 3.18, CI: 3.04–3.32), polyneuropathy (RR: 4.80, CI: 4.23–5.45), and stroke (RR: 4.32, CI: 3.95–4.71), whereas cluster 10 (aHTN, dyslipidemia and smoking) identified patients with the highest risk of AP (RR: 10.10, CI: 9.28–10.98), atherosclerosis (RR: 4.07, CI: 3.84–4.31), and loss of extremities (RR: 4.21, CI: 1.5–11.84) compared to the controls. Conclusions: A comorbidity of aHTN and dyslipidemia was shown to be associated with diabetic complications across all risk-clusters. This effect was amplified by a combination with either depression, smoking, obesity, or non-specific liver disease.

scholarly journals Suicidal Ideation and Predictors of Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Eswatini: A Population-Based Household Telephone Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6700
Author(s):  
Mduduzi Colani Shongwe ◽  
Song-Lih Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
The Government ◽  
Distress Scale

The unpredictability of the COVID-19 pandemic can induce psychological distress in individuals. We investigated perceived stressors, prevalence of psychological distress and suicidal ideation, and predictors of psychological distress among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini. This study was a cross-sectional, population-based household telephone survey of 993 conveniently sampled adults (18+ years) from all the four administrative regions of Eswatini. Data were collected between 9 June and 18 July 2020 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the country was under a partial lockdown. COVID-19-related psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale (K6). We performed weighted modified Poisson regression analyses to identify significant predictors of moderate/severe psychological distress (K6 scores: ≥5). The weighted prevalences of moderate (K6 scores: 5–12) and severe psychological distress (K6 scores: ≥13) were 41.7% and 5.4%, respectively. Participants reported several perceived COVID-19-related stressors, including worries and fears of the contagion-specific death, serious need for food and money, and concerns about loss of income or business. The weighted prevalence of suicidal ideation was 1.5%. Statistically significant predictors of increased risk for moderate/severe psychological distress included living in the Hhohho and Manzini regions; feeling not well informed about COVID-19; feeling lonely; having received COVID-19 food or financial relief from the government; feeling burdened by the lockdown; being married; and being youth (18–24 years). The results call for the government to urgently augment the provision of mental health services during the pandemic. Mental health practitioners and programs may use several stressors and risk factors identified in this study to inform interventions and government policies aimed at reducing psychological distress induced by the pandemic.

scholarly journals Suicide in prison and after release: a 17-year national cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bukten ◽  
Marianne Riksheim Stavseth
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Crude Mortality ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
National Register Data

Abstract Background People in prison have an extremely high risk of suicide. The aim of this paper is to describe all suicides in the Norwegian prison population from 2000 to 2016, during and following imprisonment; to investigate the timing of suicides; and to investigate the associations between risk of suicide and types of crime. Methods We used data from the Norwegian Prison Release study (nPRIS) including complete national register data from the Norwegian Prison Register and the Norwegian Cause of Death Register in the period 1.1.2000 to 31.12.2016, consisting of 96,856 individuals. All suicides were classified according to ICD-10 codes X60-X84. We calculated crude mortality rates (CMRs) per 100,000 person-years and used a Cox Proportional-Hazards regression model to investigate factors associated with suicide during imprisonment and after release reported as hazard ratios (HRs). Results Suicide accounted for about 10% of all deaths in the Norwegian prison population and was the leading cause of death in prison (53% of in deaths in prison). The CMR per 100,000 person years for in-prison suicides was 133.8 (CI 100.5–167.1) and was ten times higher (CMR = 1535.0, CI 397.9–2672.2) on day one of incarceration. Suicides after release (overall CMR = 82.8, CI 100.5–167.1) also peaked on day one after release (CMR = 665.7, CI 0–1419.1). Suicide in prison was strongly associated with convictions of homicide (HR 18.2, CI 6.5–50.8) and high-security prison level (HR 15.4, CI 3.6–65.0). Suicide after release was associated with convictions of homicide (HR 3.1, CI 1.7–5.5). Conclusion There is a high risk of suicide during the immediate first period of incarceration and after release. Convictions for severe violent crime, especially homicide, are associated with increased suicide risk, both in prison and after release.

Impact of Underlying Congestive Heart Failure on In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients with Septic Shock

2021 ◽  
pp. 088506662110614
Author(s):  
Mohinder R. Vindhyal ◽  
Liuqiang (Kelsey) Lu ◽  
Sagar Ranka ◽  
Prakash Acharya ◽  
Zubair Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Nationwide Readmission Database

Purpose: Septic shock (SS) manifests with profound circulatory and cellular metabolism abnormalities and has a high in-hospital mortality (25%-50%). Congestive heart failure (CHF) patients have underlying circulatory dysfunction and compromised cardiac reserve that may place them at increased risk if they develop sepsis. Outcomes in patients with CHF who are admitted with SS have not been well studied. Materials and Method: Retrospective cross sectional secondary analysis of the Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) for 2016 and 2017. ICD-10 codes were used to identify patients with SS during hospitalization, and then the cohort was dichotomized into those with and without an underlying diagnosis of CHF. Results: Propensity match analyses were performed to evaluate in-hospital mortality and clinical cardiovascular outcomes in the 2 groups. Cardiogenic shock patients were excluded from the study. A total of 578,629 patients with hospitalization for SS were identified, of whom 19.1% had a coexisting diagnosis of CHF. After propensity matching, 81,699 individuals were included in the comparative groups of SS with CHF and SS with no CHF. In-hospital mortality (35.28% vs 32.50%, P < .001), incidence of ischemic stroke (2.71% vs 2.53%, P = .0032), and acute kidney injury (69.9% vs 63.9%, P = .001) were significantly higher in patients with SS and CHF when compared to those with SS and no CHF. Conclusions: This study identified CHF as a strong adverse prognosticator for inpatient mortality and several major adverse clinical outcomes. Study findings suggest the need for further investigation into these findings’ mechanisms to improve outcomes in patients with SS and underlying CHF.

scholarly journals Adolescent cannabis use, baseline prodromal symptoms and the risk of psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Mustonen ◽  
Solja Niemelä ◽  
Tanja Nordström ◽  
Graham K. Murray ◽  
Pirjo Mäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10

BackgroundThe association between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis has been studied extensively but the temporal order still remains controversial.AimsTo examine the association between cannabis use in adolescence and the risk of psychosis after adjustment for prodromal symptoms and other potential confounders.MethodThe sample (n = 6534) was composed of the prospective general population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort of 1986. Information on prodromal symptoms of psychosis and cannabis use was collected using questionnaires at age 15–16 years. Participants were followed up for ICD-10 psychotic disorders until age 30 years using nationwide registers.ResultsThe risk of psychosis was elevated in individuals who had tried cannabis five times or more (hazard ratio, (HR) = 6.5, 95% CI 3.0–13.9). The association remained statistically significant even when adjusted for prodromal symptoms, other substance use and parental psychosis (HR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–8.0).ConclusionsAdolescent cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychosis even after adjustment for baseline prodromal symptoms, parental psychosis and other substance use.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Risk of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar disorders by migrant status, region of origin, and age-at-migration: a national cohort study of 1.8 million people

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (14) ◽  
pp. 2354-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Dykxhoorn ◽  
Anna-Clara Hollander ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Cecelia Magnusson ◽  
Christina Dalman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Migrant Status ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age At Migration ◽  
National Cohort

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed whether the risk of various psychotic disorders and non-psychotic bipolar disorder (including mania) varied by migrant status, a region of origin, or age-at-migration, hypothesizing that risk would only be elevated for psychotic disorders.MethodsWe established a prospective cohort of 1 796 257 Swedish residents born between 1982 and 1996, followed from their 15th birthday, or immigration to Sweden after age 15, until diagnosis, emigration, death, or end of 2011. Cox proportional hazards models were used to model hazard ratios by migration-related factors, adjusted for covariates.ResultsAll psychotic disorders were elevated among migrants and their children compared with Swedish-born individuals, including schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]migrants: 2.20, 95% CI 1.96–2.47; aHRchildren : 2.00, 95% CI 1.79–2.25), affective psychotic disorders (aHRmigrant1.42, 95% CI 1.25–1.63; aHRchildren: 1.22 95% CI 1.07–1.40), and other non-affective psychotic disorders (aHRmigrant: 1.97, 95% CI 1.81–2.14; aHRchildren: 1.68, 95% CI 1.54–1.83). For all psychotic disorders, risks were generally highest in migrants from Africa (i.e. aHRschizophrenia: 5.24, 95% CI 4.26–6.45) and elevated at most ages-of-migration. By contrast, risk of non-psychotic bipolar disorders was lower for migrants (aHR: 0.58, 95% CI 0.52–0.64) overall, and across all ages-of-migration except infancy (aHR: 1.20; 95% CI 1.01–1.42), while risk for their children was similar to the Swedish-born population (aHR: 1.00, 95% CI 0.93–1.08).ConclusionsIncreased risk of psychiatric disorders associated with migration and minority status may be specific to psychotic disorders, with exact risk dependent on the region of origin.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE FOR THE ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE AIRPORT MANAGEMENT

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vildan Durmaz
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Organizational Response ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Airport Management ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Airport Capacity

Air transportation industry is a globally growing industry. As an inseparable part of this industry, airport management is also becoming more crucial issue to be dealt with. Airports offer economic and social benefits to the society, but also environmental impacts of airport operations are increasing due to high traffic growth. While airport capacity is increasing, airport operators are being responsible for mitigating environmental constraints. Today to implement airport environmental management system is seen as a critical way of solution. To ensure effective implementation of this system, an organizational change with definite roles, responsibilities and structure are needed. This study illustrates a way of organizational response to market forces and national regulations guiding the achievement of sustainable airports by determining the structure and the roles in an airport organization.

Analysis of the Realization Approach to the Eco-Friendly Transportation Management

2010 ◽  
Vol 40-41 ◽  
pp. 659-668
Author(s):  
Jin Ming Yuan ◽  
Ju Yang
Keyword(s):  
Social Economy ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Transportation Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Government

The transportation is the core functional elements in the logistics activities. If not focusing on implementation of eco-friendly management in the process of logistic transportation, it is impossible to build an eco-friendly logistic system as a whole. Developed countries attach great importance to environmental issues and spare no effort in promoting the reform of logistics transportation. In order to comply with sustainable development in society and economy, China's transportation industry is urgently in need of more scientific management. Based on the relevant issues of current logistic transportation, from the perspectives of multi-subject such as the government, the enterprises and the public, this article analyzes the feasible approach to achieving the eco-friendly transportation management to ensure harmonious development of efficient transportation, social economy, environment and resources.

KOMPENSASI SEBAGAI BENTUK TANGGUNG JAWAB PIHAK MASKAPAI PENERBANGAN DALAM KETERLAMBATAN JADWAL PENERBANGAN KOMERSIAL DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Asmarsha Qathrinada , ◽  
Pranoto ,
Keyword(s):  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Flight Delays ◽  
Reasoning Patterns ◽  
The Government ◽  
Flight Delay ◽  
Secondary Materials

<p>Abstract<br />This article aims to find out how legal protection is provided to passengers in commercial air transport <br />activities in Indonesia, especially regarding airline responsibilities to passengers and the compensation <br />provided in case of flight delays due to negligence of the carrier. This research is performed with legal <br />research, using prescriptive characteristic. The research is using statute approach by reviewing the <br />regulations related to the issues. The source of the research is derived from primary legal materials namely <br />legislation, secondary materials from legal literatures, as well as tertiary or non-legal legal material. The <br />collection of legal materials was done by literature studies, and analyzed with deductive reasoning patterns. <br />Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that the regulation of compensations given by <br />the airlines to passengers has been quite well regulated in the Minister of Transportation Regulation <br />No. 89 of 2015, but in the implementation, the government is still less firm in cracking down on airlines <br />that do not carry out their responsibility of the compensation regulated in Regulation of the Minister of <br />Transportation Number 77 in year 2011.<br />Keywords: compensation; flight delay; commercial air transportation.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada penumpang <br />dalam kegiatan angkutan udara komersial di Indonesia, khususnya mengenai tanggung jawab maskapai <br />penerbangan terhadap penumpang serta apa kompensasi yang diberikan apabila terjadi penundaan <br />penerbangan karena kelalaian pihak pengangkut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penelitian hukum dan <br />bersifat preskriptif. Pendekatan penelitian berupa pendekatan undang-undang dengan menelaah regulasi <br />yang besangkutan dengan isu yang penulis angkat dalam penulisan ini. Sumber penelitian berasal dari <br />bahan hukum primer yaitu perundang-undangan, bahan sekunder dari kepustakaan hukum, serta bahan <br />hukum tersier atau non-hukum. Pengumpulan bahan hukum dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan, dan <br />menganalisis dengan pola penalaran deduktif.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan <br />bahwa  pengaturan  mengenai  kompensasi  yang  diberikan  oleh  maskapai  penerbangan  terhadap <br />penumpang  telah cukup  baik  diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 89 Tahun 2015, <br />namun dalam pelaksanaannya pemerintah masih kurang tegas dalam menindak maskapai yang tidak <br />melaksanakan tanggung jawabnya untuk memberikan kompensasi sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri <br />Perhubungan Nomor 77 Tahun 2011.<br />Kata kunci: kompensasi; keterlambatan penerbangan; pengangkutan udara komersial.</p>

Abstract 16520: Predictors of Thirty Day Readmission in a Vulnerable and Underserved Urban Heart Failure Population

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra B Steverson ◽  
Paul Marano ◽  
Caren Chen ◽  
Yifei Ma ◽  
Rachel Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Housing Status ◽  
Medical Comorbidities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Safety Net Hospital ◽  
Icd 10

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) readmission quality metrics disproportionately impact reimbursement in safety net hospitals. Prior research has demonstrated the effect of medical comorbidities on readmission, however, there is a paucity of data on predictors of readmission in vulnerable and underserved HF patients. We sought to evaluate the effect of demographics, medical and social comorbidities on risk of 30 day readmission in an academic safety net hospital in San Francisco. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review from 2018 to 2020. Patients were included if treated for HF while on inpatient cardiology or medicine services and were assigned an ICD-10 discharge code for HF. Patients less than 21 years old were excluded. Demographics and comorbidities were obtained through evaluation of ICD-10 discharge codes and chart review. Multivariate modeling was used to determine predictors of 30 day readmission. Results: The study population included 383 patients in which the mean age was 60±13 years and 73% (n=282) were male. 44% (170) were Black, 23% (88) were Latinx, 33% (127) were not housed, 97% (371) had public insurance, and 21% (81) had a diagnosis of mental illness. 46% (177) had CAD, 76% (291) hypertension, and 36% (177) DM. Substance use was common with 30% (114) using methamphetamines, 36% (138) cocaine, 18% (69) opioids, and 35% (135) alcohol. On multi-variate analysis, EF less than 40% (75%, 285) was the only medical comorbidity associated with an increased risk of readmission (OR 1.86, 1.1-3.1, p= 0.018). Social variables associated with increased risk of readmission included identifying as Black (OR 2.26, 1.03-5.0, p= 0.043) or Latinx (OR 3.43, 1.41-7.59, p= 0.006), homelessness (OR 3.02, 1.76-5.18, p=<0.001), and specific substance use: methamphetamine (OR 2.23, 1.39-3.57, p=0.001), cocaine (OR 1.63, 1.03-2.57, p= 0.037), opioids (OR 1.81, 1.05-3.13, p= 0.033), and alcohol (OR 2.26, 1.43-3.58, p= 0.001). Conclusion: Race, housing status and substance use were more strongly associated with readmission risk than medical comorbidities in a population of urban, vulnerable and underserved HF patients. Interventions to improve HF readmission metrics should consider addressing racial and social disparities in similar populations.

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