scholarly journals Comparing Economics, Environmental Pollution and Health Efficiency in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi ◽  
Wu ◽  
Huang ◽  
Sun ◽  
Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Health Measurement ◽  
Dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Efficiency

As the modern economy develops rapidly, environmental pollution and human health have also been threatened. In recent years, relevant research has focused on subjects such as energy and economic, environmental pollution and health issues. Yet this has not considered the use of water resources and the impact of wastewater pollutant emissions on the economy and health. This article has combined the following factors like water consumption with wastewater discharge, pollutant concentration in sewage and local medical care expenditure and put them into the model of water resources, energy and health measurement, and a two-stage dynamic data envelopment analysis (DEA) model considering undesirable outputs is applied to 30 provinces (including autonomous regions and municipalities) to calculate the total efficiency, production efficiency and health efficiency in 2014–2017.The results show that the total efficiency values of most provinces are between 0.2 and 0.4, providing large room for improvement. Production efficiency and health efficiency have increased in recent years, but the health efficiency values of most provinces are still so low that they have dragged back the overall efficiency. The key impact indicators of different provinces are different, and each province should formulate different policies according to its own specific conditions so as to purposefully to deepen the energy, economic and medical reforms in each province, and also to promote sustainable economic development while improving health efficiency.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Analysis of the Pollutant Emissions Impact on Human Health in China Industries Based on the Meta-Frontier DEA

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changfeng Shi ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
Yung-Ho Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis Model ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Efficiency

Environmental pollutant emissions have become increasingly serious, and the resulting human health problems have become the focus of social attention. In this study, 30 provinces in China were selected as the object of study, SO2, NOX (nitrogen oxide), and PM2.5 were taken as undesirable outputs, and a meta-frontier dynamic data envelopment analysis model was adopted to avoid the disadvantages of static analysis. In this paper, energy efficiency, environmental pollution efficiency, and human health efficiency were incorporated into a unified analysis framework by constructing a two-stage model of the production and health stages. The study shows that the total efficiency score of nine provinces and cities, including Beijing, is 1. However, the score of two-stage efficiency in most provinces, such as Anhui, is less than 1, and the score of production efficiency is higher than that of health efficiency. In the second stage, the average efficiency of health expenditure and medical staff input is low, so it is necessary to make targeted improvement. In this regard, it is necessary for the government to increase health expenditure to improve the overall level of health efficiency.

scholarly journals Impact of water resources management on area under cultivation level and agricultural production efficiency (Case Study: Villages of Zebarkhan district of Neyshabur city)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ali Kariznovi ◽  
Hamid Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Impact

The amount of water consumed in the agricultural sector in Iran is higher than the global average and this necessitates more attention to proper water management in this sector. Due to the climatic conditions of Iran, the average rainfall in most areas is lower than global rainfall. That is to say, the water issue is one of Iran's most important concerns or the greatest challenge for the people of this land. Examining the current agricultural situation indicates that despite the increased agricultural production potential due to the lack of a proper management system, optimal utilization of available resources has not become possible and droughts and reduced rainfall and increasing population followed reduce the amount of water consumed in the agricultural sector. The present study investigates the impact of agricultural water resources management on the economic development of rural settlements (Case study: Villages of Zebarkhan district of Neyshabur city). This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive and analytical method and library and field methods have been used for data collection. According to the results of the present study and data analysis regarding the amount of water consumed in the study area, it was observed that the amount of water consumed per hectare for all crops in modern management lands was less than the fields where managed by the traditional way. This suggests that modern science-based scientific management has played a key role in reducing the loss of water resources within the scope of this study, and in contrast, water loss in farms that are managed in traditional ways is so high. Also, regarding the production efficiency in the study area, the results showed that the production efficiency per hectare for all crops was significantly higher than that under traditional management. This rate varied between 25 to 57.1%.

scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of Innovation on Economic Quality and Environmental Pollution Change under Consideration of Environmental Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xinfei Li ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Yueming Li ◽  
Chang Xu ◽  
Xiaobing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
China’S Economy

Under the constraints of resources and the environment, exploring the channels to improve the quality of China’s economy is very important for China’s current sustainable development. Therefore, this paper studies whether innovation can improve the quality of China’s economy and explore the path of sustainable development from the perspective of the city. Based on the Malmquist–Luenberger index and DEA-Malmquist index, this paper, respectively, measures the green total factor productivity (GTFP) and total factor productivity (TFP) of 193 cities in China. On the basis of obtaining the GTFP, TFP, and various pollutant emissions of 193 cities, this paper selects environmental regulations as the threshold variable and the number of urban patents as the explanatory variable to measure the level of urban innovation. On this basis, we examine the impact of innovation quality on economic quality and environmental pollution under different environmental regulatory intensities. The research results show that the impact of innovation on GTFP and TFP under different environmental regulations is always positive, but the impact coefficient and significance level vary. In addition, the impact of innovation on SO2 emissions under different environmental regulations has also changed. With the increase of environmental regulations, the effect of reducing emissions is gradually significant. The conclusion of this paper better interprets the development of TFP and GTFP under the innovation-driven strategy, provides a decision-making basis for departments at all levels to formulate innovation support policies, and explores the path of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Dynamic Linkages Among Energy Consumption, Environment and Health Sustainability: Evidence from the Different Income Level Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 004695802097522
Author(s):  
Yongqi Feng ◽  
Ren Liu ◽  
Yung-ho Chiu ◽  
Tzu-Han Chang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Income Level ◽  
High Income ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Efficiency

Environment pollution was closely related to human health. The energy consumption is one of the important sources of environmental pollution in the development of economy. This paper used undesirable two-stage meta-frontier DDF (distance difference function) data envelopment analysis model to explore the impact of environment pollutants from energy consumption on the mortality of children and the aged, survival rate of 65 years old and health expenditure efficiency in 27 high income countries, 21 upper middle income countries, and 16 lower middle income countries from 2010 to 2014. High income countries had higher efficiency of energy and health than middle income countries in general. But whether in high income or middle income countries, the efficiency of non-renewable energy is higher than renewable energy. There was much room for both high income countries and middle income countries to improve renewable energy efficiency. Besides, middle income countries need to improve the efficiency of non-renewable energy and reduce pollutant emissions per unit of GDP. In terms of health efficiency, upper middle income countries performed worse than lower income countries. This phenomenon might indicate there was a U-shaped relationship between health efficiency and income level. Upper income countries should pay more attention to the environmental and health problems and cross the U-shaped turning point. The contribution of this article was to consider the heterogeneous performance of energy efficiency, environmental efficiency, and health efficiency under the influence of income level differences, and found that there might be a U-shaped relationship between health efficiency and income level.

scholarly journals Economic, Social, Medical, Work Injury, and Environmental Efficiency Assessments

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 004695802097221
Author(s):  
Zhong Fang ◽  
Yung-ho Chiu ◽  
Tai-Yu Lin ◽  
Tzu-Han Chang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Work Injury ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Medical Work ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Impact

Improving the management efficiency of industrial accidents is significant for stabilizing social order and improving production efficiency. Although many previous studies have discussed the impact of work injury on different occupations from the work safety and health perspectives, few have jointly discussed economic, social, medical, and environmental pollution issues, and those that do mostly employ static models, failing to take into account welfare factors and environmental pollution issues that affect society. Therefore, in order to understand the dynamic evolution trend between social and economic activities and environmental issues, this study utilizes a modified undesirable two-stage dynamic exogenous data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to explore the economic, social, medical, and environmental efficiencies of 30 provinces in China to fill the gap in the literature. In terms of work injury insurance expenditure efficiency, the results show that the air quality index (AQI) impacts the ranking of China’s 30 provincial regions, with Fujian, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shandong, Tianjin, and Xinjiang being greatly affected. AQI significantly influences overall factor efficiency, rescue invalid deaths, and the work-related injuries in the various regions. AQI also has a relatively small effect on the efficiency of work injury insurance benefits. Based on this, we offer suggestions for policy makers to evaluate the social benefits of environmental governance and the efficiency of human capital.

Same Trade Openness Yet Different Environmental Quality — But Why?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050002
Author(s):  
Shu-Chen Chang ◽  
Hsiao-Fen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
The Impact

This paper re-studies the relationship between trade openness and environmental pollution. Through the theoretical framework, there is a non-uniform effect of trade openness on environmental pollution. Utilizing four alternative measures of trade openness as threshold variables, this paper examines the effect of trade openness on environmental pollution. We adopt a regression with nonlinearity, in which our nonlinear model includes two regressions — a threshold model and an interaction-term model. Utilizing four alternative measures of trade openness, our threshold test shows a single-threshold effect on pollutant emissions, implying that there are two regimes: low- and high-corruption. Our empirical results show that for countries with high-corruption, increases in trade openness significantly reduce pollutants emissions whatever CO2 emissions or SO2 emissions, and the larger effects of trade openness on environmental quality. However, the impact of trade openness on pollution was not found in countries with low-corruption. This study suggests that further trade openness and reduced environmental degradation (i.e., decline in CO2 and SO2 emissions) are compatible rather than competing objectives, especially in high-corruption countries. Furthermore, our results also show that in low-corruption countries, the negative effects of income on CO2 emissions are statistically significant, but in high-corruption countries it is not so.

scholarly journals Sustainable wood waste management in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Mayowa Owoyemi ◽  
Habeeb Olawale Zakariya ◽  
Isa Olalekan Elegbede
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Wood industries produce large volumes of residues which must be utilized, marketed or properly disposed of. Heaps of wood residues are common features in wood industries throughout the year. In Nigeria, this residue is generally regarded as waste and this has led to open burning practices, dumping in water bodies or dumping in an open area which constitutes environmental pollution. Sawmills in Nigeria generated over 1,000,000 m3 of wood waste in 2010 while about 5000 m3 of waste was generated in plywood mills. Nigeria generates about 1.8 million tons of sawdust annually and 5.2 million tons of wood wastes. The impact of improper disposal of waste wood on the environment affects both the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Also burning of waste wood releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere causing various health issues. Reuse/recycling of these wood residues in Nigeria will reduce the pressure on our ever decreasing forests, reduce environmental pollution, create wealth and employment. The literature available on this subject was reviewed and this article, therefore, focuses on the various methods of wood waste disposal and its utilization in Nigerian wood industries, the effects of wood waste on the environment as well as on human health and the benefits of proper wood waste management practices.

scholarly journals Використання різних технологічних рішень у сфері поводження з твердими відходами при оцінці ризиків щодо здоров'я населення

2018 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
П. В. Писаренко ◽  
М. С. Самойлік ◽  
О. Ю. Диченко
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

Поводження з відходами є однією з найбільш важливих еколого-економічних та соціальних проблем регіонального розвитку. У статті запропоновано методичні підходи до оцінювання ризику здоров’ю населення від забруднення довкілля під час поводження з твердими відходами, які включають комплексну інвентаризацію викидів забруднюючих речовин та оцінку експозиції; визначення ризику миттєвих токсичних ефектів та ризику хронічного впливу з урахуванням сукупної дії забруднюючих речовин на організм людини; розрахунок екологічного ризику з урахуванням економічного збитку від забруднення довкілля; прогноз соціально-економічного розвитку регіону за різних технологічних рішень у сфері поводження з твердими відходами у залежності від рівня екологічного ризику. Проведена оцінка впливу існуючої системи поводження з твердими відходами на здоров’я населення на прикладі Полтавської області дала змогу встановити, що найбільший ризик для здоров’я, як і економічний збиток від забруднення навколишнього середовища складає перший сценарій – існуюча ситуація. Найбільш ризикованим і небезпечним для здоров’я населення є будівництво сміттєспалювальних заводів, тобто четвертий сценарій є неприйнятним для області. Обґрунтовано, що найменш ризикованим і безпечним для здоров’я населення та навколишнього середовища в області є будівництво чотирьох сміттєсортувальних станцій або двох заводів із компостування. The problem of waste management is one of the most important ecological-economic and social problems of regional development. Therefore, the article proposes methodological approaches to the assessment of the public health from environmental pollution dealing with solid waste, which includes a comprehensive inventory of pollutant emissions and exposure assessment; determination of the risk of immediate toxic effects and the risk of chronic exposure, taking into account the combined effects of pollutants on the human body; calculation of ecological risk taking into account economic damage for environmental pollution; forecast of socio-economic development of the region for various technological solutions in the field of solid waste management, depending on the level of environmental risk. An assessment of the impact of the existing solid waste management system on the public health on the example of the Poltava region has made it possible to establish that the greatest risk to health, as well as the economic damage caused by environmental pollution, is the first scenario – the current situation. The most risky and dangerous for the public health is the construction of waste incineration plant; this scenario is unacceptable for the region. It is substantiated that the least risky and safe for the public health and the environment in the region is the construction of four waste sorting stations or two composting plants.

scholarly journals Air Pollutant and Health-Efficiency Evaluation Based on a Dynamic Network Data Envelopment Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Yung-ho Chiu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Tai-Yu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Health And Economic Development ◽  
Health Efficiency

Environmental pollution and the associated societal health issues have attracted recent research attention. While most research has focused on the effect of air pollution on human health and local economies, few articles have discussed the environment, health, and economic development in in an integrated analysis. This paper used a Dynamic Network SBM Model to evaluate production and health efficiencies in Chinese cities and found that the production efficiency scores were slightly higher than the health efficiency scores, with the two-stage efficiency scores in most cities having significant fluctuations. Labor, fixed assets, energy, GDP, and lung disease and mortality reduction efficiencies in the first stage were generally high; however, the medical input efficiencies in the second stage were low, indicating that there was there significant room for improvement in many cities.

scholarly journals Dynamic Relationship Between China’s Environmental Protection Investment and Regional, Environmental Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
System Gmm ◽  
The Impact

The carrying capacity of China’s resources and environment has reached a limit. The economic development of different regions has been forced to abandon the original economic development mode manifesting high pollution, high energy consumption, and high emission and to step forward to the new economic development model promoting low energy consumption, low emission, and low pollution. Environmental issues are typical manifestations of market mechanism failure. Government investment in environmental protection, which effectively improves environmental quality, is necessary to achieve sustainable economic development. An index system of the influencing factors that affect regional environmental pollutant emissions was established first in this study to measure accurately the relationship between environmental protection investment in different provinces in China and regional environmental pollution. System GMM (Generalized Method of Moment) method was used to analyze the impact of environmental protection investment on pollutant emissions in 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2016. Results show that the system GMM method can effectively solve variable endogeneity. Environmental protection investment of explanatory variables has a significant negative effect on pollutant emissions. Among the control variables, per capita GDP (Gross Domestic Product), industrial structure, resident consumption level, and technology market turnover have a significant inhibitory effect on pollutant emissions. Among the control variables, investment in fixed assets and import and export trade is vital in promoting pollutant emission growth. Conclusions provide a reference for improving the governance level of environmental protection investment in China’s provinces, controlling environmental pollution and ecological damage, and realizing a green economic development method.

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