Effect of a Six-Week Core Conditioning as a Warm-Up Exercise in Physical Education Classes on Physical Fitness, Movement Capability, and Balance in School-Aged Children

Whether the implementation of feasible, equipment-free, and simple core exercises in warm-up routines in physical education classes for school-aged children is beneficial remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of a core conditioning in the warm-up routine of physical education classes on trunk muscular endurance, movement capability, and flexibility in this population. In these pre- and post-test control group experiments, 52 healthy, school-aged children (aged 10–11 years) were cluster randomized allocated to either the dynamic core exercise (DCE) group or general physical education (GPE) group. The DCE group performed a 10-min core exercise routine twice per week for six consecutive weeks; the GPE group performed traditional physical education warm-up exercises regularly. The children were assessed by conducting the trunk muscular endurance test (i.e., dynamic curl-up, static curl-up, plank, and lateral plank), functional movement screen (FMS), and single-leg balance test before and after the intervention. At the end of the intervention, the DCE group demonstrated a significant effect on trunk muscular endurance, movement capability (i.e., FMS scores), flexibility, and balance (each p < 0.001, effect size: 0.38–1.3). Furthermore, the DCE group showed significant improvements in all outcome measurements compared with the GPE group (p < 0.05, effect size: 0.29–1.68). These data may provide a reference for incorporating additional core stability exercises in the warm-up routine of physical education classes in school-aged children in the future.

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The effect of three sport games in physical education on the health-related fitness of male university students

Physical Education of Students ◽

10.15561/20755279.2020.0408 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 251-258

Author(s):

Mohammed H.H. Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

University Students ◽

Effect Size ◽

Control Group ◽

Jump Test ◽

Before And After ◽

Health Related ◽

Fitness Parameters ◽

Male University Students ◽

Health Related Fitness

Background and Study Aim. Few controlled studies have been conducted on the effect of sports games as a physical education (PE) course on the health-related fitness of university students. The aim of the study was to determine whether three sports in a PE course will help improve the health-related fitness of male university students. Material and Methods. Students from two universities participated in the study, with one university acting as a control group. There were two PE courses which students registered for: a football and volleyball (FVG, n=169) course and a badminton (BG, n=97) course. The students received basic training drills and competed with one another. The duration of the activities was 50 minutes sessions for eight weeks. The following tests were taken before and after eight weeks: Cooper test, sit-and-reach test, 60-s curl test, standing long jump test, and body mass index. Paired t-tests were used to compare the baseline and post data of each group. The Welch t-test, ANCOVA, and analysis of gains scores were used to compare each of the PE groups to the control group. ANCOVA was used to account for baseline differences, while analysis of gains scores was used whenever ANCOVA could not be used. The Vargha-Delaney Effect Size (VD) and the Common Language Effect Size (CLES) were used to determine the effect sizes for the Welch t-tests and ANCOVA, respectively. Significant changes were set at p ≤ 0.05 and VD ≤ 42% or VD ≥ 58%, or if p ≤ 0.05 and CLES ≥ 58 %. Results. Both PE groups showed significant improvements in all the measured fitness parameters except body composition. Moreover, the measured parameters of the control group reduced after eight weeks. Conclusion. The study shows evidence that PE courses can serve male universities in improving their health-related fitness. Moreover, students who do not participate in a PE course may be at risk of losing their fitness.

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Investigation of the Effect of Acute Muscular Fatigue on Static and Dynamic Balance Performances in Elite Wrestlers

Journal of Education and Learning ◽

10.5539/jel.v8n5p179 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

Ömer Özer

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Power ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Muscular Fatigue ◽

Static Balance ◽

Muscular Endurance ◽

Maximal Strength ◽

Balance Test ◽

Balance Exercise ◽

Fatigue Exercise ◽

Before And After

Maximal strength, muscular endurance, maximal aerobic power, and anaerobic capabilities, power are needed to have victory for wrestlers in a wrestling competition.The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of acute muscular fatigue on static and dynamic balance performances in elite wrestlers. Ten elite male wrestlers (25 ± 2.3 years, 181 ± 6.5 cm, 84 ± 4.2 kg) participated in the study voluntarily. Participants were undertaken dynamic and static balance test before fatigue exercise (in Cybex) and immediately after fatigue exercise, theywere undertaken dynamic and static balance test again. SPSS packet program was used to evaluate the data. There were no statistically significant differences in static and dynamic balance before and after fatigue. The results show that wrestlers’ balance is not affected by muscular fatigue, so there is no need for balance exercise after fatigue at least according to this study.

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Una unidad didáctica intermitente de acondicionamiento físico solo mejora los niveles de capacidad cardiorrespiratoria de los estudiantes con un perfil no saludable de condición física (An intermittent physical fitness teaching unit only improves cardior

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v38i38.73605 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 8-15

Author(s):

Santiago Guijarro-Romero ◽

Daniel Mayorga-Vega ◽

Carolina Casado-Robles ◽

Jesús Viciana

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Education ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Control Group ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

Before And After ◽

Teaching Unit ◽

Experimental Group

El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar el efecto de una unidad didáctica intermitente de acondicionamiento físico en Educación Física sobre los niveles de actividad física y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria entre estudiantes con un perfil saludable/no saludable de capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. Ochenta estudiantes de 2º-3º curso de Educación Secundaria fueron asignados aleatoriamente al grupo control y grupo experimental. El grupo experimental, dividido en perfiles saludable/no saludable, realizó una unidad didáctica intermitente de acondicionamiento físico para mejorar la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. El grupo control trabajó un contenido diferente durante el mismo tiempo y con la misma frecuencia, pero sin hacer hincapié en la mejora de la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. Antes y después de la intervención, la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria se evaluó objetivamente mediante el test de ida y vuelta de 20 metros. Los niveles de actividad física fueron medidos objetivamente a través de un pulsómetro durante las clases de Educación Física. Ambos perfiles tuvieron mayores niveles de actividad física durante las clases de Educación Física que el grupo control (p < .001). Sin embargo, solo los estudiantes con un perfil no saludable mejoraron significativamente sus niveles de capacidad cardiorrespiratoria tras la unidad didáctica (p < .01). Aunque una unidad didáctica intermitente de acondicionamiento físico parece tener un efecto similar en los niveles de actividad física de todos los perfiles de capacidad cardiorrespiratoria de los estudiantes, solo mejora la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria de los estudiantes con un perfil no saludable. Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of a Physical Education-based physical fitness intermittent teaching unit on physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness among students with healthy/unhealthy cardiorespiratory fitness profile. Eighty students from 2º-3º grades of Secondary Education were randomly assigned to the control group and experimental group. The experimental group, divided into healthy/unhealthy profiles, performed a physical fitness intermittent teaching unit to improve the cardiorespiratory fitness. The control group worked a different content during the same time and with the same frequency, but without emphasizing cardiorespiratory fitness improvement. Before and after the teaching unit, students’ cardiorespiratory fitness was objectively measured by the 20-meter shuttle run test. Participants’ physical activity levels were measured objectively using a heart rate monitor during Physical Education lessons. Students from both profiles had higher physical activity levels during Physical Education lessons than the control group (p < .001). However, only students with an unhealthy cardiorespiratory fitness profile statistically improved their cardiorespiratory fitness levels after the teaching unit (p < .01). Although an intermittent physical fitness teaching unit seems to have similar effect on physical activity levels of students from all cardiorespiratory fitness profiles, it only improves the cardiorespiratory fitness of those with an unhealthy one.

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The Effect of 8 Weeks of Zumba Exercıse on Flexbılıty and Some Strength Parameters in Women Aged 25-45

10.53350/pjmhs211572180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 2180-2184

Author(s):

Mehmet Murat Beyaz ◽

Gökçe Oktay

Keyword(s):

Exercise Program ◽

Strength Parameter ◽

Control Group ◽

Muscular Endurance ◽

Leg Strength ◽

Lower Extremity Strength ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of 6-week Zumba exercises on flexibility, leg strength, back strength and muscular endurance parameters in women aged 25-45. The research group consists of a total of (n=20) women, (n=10) in the experimental group and (n=10) in the control group, between the ages of 25-45 living in Istanbul. The participants in the experimental group were given 60 minutes of Zumba exercises 3 days a week for 6 weeks, and sit-reach, 1-minute sit-up and strength test measurements were made to the participants before and after the exercise program. Participants in the control group were not included in any exercise program. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the participants' flexibility, leg strength, back strength and muscular endurance values between the pre-test and post-test within the group (p< 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test values between the groups (p< 0.05). In conclusion; It was determined that zumba exercises applied to the experimental group did not have a significant effect on flexibility, muscular endurance and back strength. In the leg strength parameter, the effect of zumba exercises applied to the experimental group on leg strength was found to be significant at a rate of 34%. In the light of these data, it was concluded that zumba exercises performed in sedentary women have a positive effect on lower extremity strength. Keywords: Zumba Fitness, Exercise, Women and Exercise

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Stress and Fatigue Management Using Balneotherapy in a Short-Time Randomized Controlled Trial

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/9631684 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Lolita Rapolienė ◽

Artūras Razbadauskas ◽

Jonas Sąlyga ◽

Arvydas Martinkėnas

Keyword(s):

Music Therapy ◽

Effect Size ◽

Therapy Group ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Geothermal Water ◽

Control Group ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

General Physical ◽

Short Time ◽

And Control

Objective. To investigate the influence of high-salinity geothermal mineral water on stress and fatigue.Method. 180 seamen were randomized into three groups: geothermal (65), music (50), and control (65). The geothermal group was administered 108 g/L salinity geothermal water bath for 2 weeks five times a week. Primary outcome was effect on stress and fatigue. Secondary outcomes were the effect on cognitive function, mood, and pain.Results. The improvements after balneotherapy were a reduction in the number and intensity of stress-related symptoms, a reduction in pain and general, physical, and mental fatigue, and an improvement in stress-related symptoms management, mood, activation, motivation, and cognitive functions with effect size from 0.8 to 2.3. In the music therapy group, there were significant positive changes in the number of stress symptoms, intensity, mood, pain, and activity with the effect size of 0.4 to 1.1. The researchers did not observe any significant positive changes in the control group. The comparison between the groups showed that balneotherapy was superior to music therapy and no treatment group.Conclusions. Balneotherapy is beneficial for stress and fatigue reduction in comparison with music or no therapy group. Geothermal water baths have a potential as an efficient approach to diminish stress caused by working or living conditions.

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Importancia de la aplicación de técnicas de relajación en el aula de educación física (Importance of the relaxation techniques application in the physical education classroom)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v44i0.88011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 405-415

Author(s):

Sara Bellver-Pérez ◽

Cristina Menescardi

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Classroom Climate ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Well Being ◽

Progressive Relaxation ◽

Control Group ◽

Relaxation Techniques ◽

School Activities ◽

Before And After ◽

Educational Task

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los beneficios a nivel personal y escolar tras un programa de técnicas de relajación en el aula de Educación Física (EF). Un total de 177 estudiantes de tercero y cuarto de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria participaron en el estudio, divididos en grupo control (n = 87) y experimental (n = 90). Estos últimos realizaron una intervención didáctica relajatoria de 10 sesiones dentro del centro (en EF) y 10 retos extraescolares donde se abordaron diversos métodos (i.e., masaje, relajación progresiva de Jacobson, yoga, entrenamiento autógeno de Schultz y mindfulness). De acuerdo con el objetivo de estudio, antes y después de la realización de la intervención, el alumnado completó el Cuestionario de Hábitos de Relajación-Mindfulness para conocer los hábitos del alumnado que influyen en su competencia relajatoria, la Escala de Relajación Escolar para conocer su nivel de competencia relajatoria y un Cuestionario de evaluación del programa. Además, se entrevistó a dos profesores para conocer su opinión sobre la aplicación del programa. Los resultados mostraron que la intervención produjo mejoras notables en los hábitos de los y las estudiantes, así como un bienestar psicofísico y conductual que influye directamente en el clima de aula y en el rendimiento académico. Se concluye que la aplicación de estrategias diversas de esta disciplina resulta importante durante la tarea educativa. Abstract: This research aims to analyze the personal and scholar-level benefits of a program of relaxation techniques in Physical Education (PE) lessons. A total of 177 students of the third and fourth grade of Secondary Education participated in the current study. Participants were divided into control group (n = 87) and experimental group (n = 90) with whom a relaxing educational intervention was carried out during 10 PE lessons and 10 outside school activities consisting of various methods (i.e., massage, Jacobson's progressive relaxation, yoga, Schultz's autogenic training and mindfulness). According to the study aim, before and after carrying out the intervention, the students completed the Mindfulness-Relaxation Habits Questionnaire to know the habits of the students that influence their relaxation competence, the School Relaxation Scale to know their level of relaxation competence and a program evaluation questionnaire. In addition, two teachers were interviewed to find out their opinion on the application of this program. The results showed the intervention program produced notable improvements in the students' habits, as well as a psychophysical and behavioral well-being that directly influences the classroom climate and academic performance. It is concluded that the application of diverse strategies of this discipline is important during the educational task.

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Effects of a periodized functional strength training program (FST) on Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in physical education students

Physical Education of Students ◽

10.15561/20755279.2020.0306 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 162-167

Author(s):

Michał Sawczyn

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Strength Training ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Rank Test ◽

Training Intervention ◽

Control Group ◽

Before And After ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

The Difference ◽

Experimental Group

Background and Study Aim: To examine the effects of periodized functional strength training (FST) on FMS scores of sport university students with higher risk of injury. Material and Methods: Thirty three participants (age 21.6±1.3 years, height 177.8±6.9 m, mass 80.4±7.7 kg) with FMS total score ≤ 14 were selected from eighty two volunteered students of University of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk and randomly assigned to experimental group (n=16) and control group (n=17). The FMS test was conducted one week before and one week after the 12 week training intervention. The experimental group participated in FST program through 12 weeks. The control group did not engaged in any additional physical activity than planned in their course of study. The collected data were analysed using Statistica 13.3 pl (StatSoft Inc). Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to establish the statistical significance of the difference between FMS total scores within each group and Mann Whitney U test between groups before and after the 12 week training intervention. Results: 45 % of volunteers in the first FMS testing showed total scores ≤14. The experimental group that participated in FST program changed significantly FMS total scores after 12 weeks (p<0.05). There were also significant differences in FMS total score between groups after the experiment (p<0.05). Conclusions: There is a need for injury prevention programs for students of University of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk. It is clear from this study that FST is effective in improving FMS total score in students with cut off score ≤14.

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UPAYA PENINGKATAN KECERDASAN EMOSI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR MELALUI PENDIDIKAN JASMANI HARMONI

Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan ◽

10.21831/cp.v5i1.1267 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eunike R. Rustiana

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Physical Education ◽

Primary School ◽

Cognitive Theory ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Primary School Students ◽

School Students ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Before And After

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bukti bahwa Pendidikan Jasmani Harmoni efektif meningkatkan kecerdasan emosi siswa SD. Penelitian ini berdasar pada teori kognitif sosial dari Bandura. Materi Penjas Harmoni terdiri atas permainan, olahraga, dan tarian masal (tari Saman). Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas V enam SDN yang berbeda, dengan tiga kelas sebagai kelompok intervensi yang diajar penjas Harmoni, dan tiga kelas sebagai kelompok kontrol yang diajar penjas reguler. Perlakuan berlangsung selama 14 kali pertemuan. Kecerdasan emosi diukur sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dengan Skala Perasaan modifikasi dari Bar-On EQ inventory. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nbahwa Penjas Harmoni efektif meningkatkan kecerdasan emosi siswa SD, yaitu kecakapan intrapersonal, interpersonal, penyesuaian diri, pengelolaan stres, dan sikap positif. Tidak ada pengaruh jenis kelamin, namun ada pengaruh bersama antara tingkat akreditasi sekolah dan jenis perlakuan terhadap peningkatan kecerdasan emosi. Penjas Harmoni disarankan untuk dipakai guruguru penjas SD di Semarang guna melengkapi KTSP 2006. Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Jasmani Harmoni, kecerdasan emosiEFFORTS TO INCREASE THE EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS THROUGH HARMONY PHYSICAL EDUCATIONAbstract: This study is aimed to ascertain the effectiveness of Harmony Physical Education (HPE) program to increase primary school students’ emotional intelligence (EI). This study is based on Bandura’s social cognitive theory, The material of HPE is consist of games, sports, and group dance(Saman Dance). The subjects of the study were fifth grade students from different Public Elementary Schools. They were randomly assigned into control group (three classrooms) who received regular PE program, and intervention group (another three classrooms) who received HPE program. The treatment was conducted in 14 weeks. Emotional intelligence was assessed before and after the treatment using Emotional Scale that was modified from Bar-On EQ inventory. The results show that HPE Program is effective in increasing primary school students’ Emotional Intelegency which consists of intrapersonal, interpersonal, self adjustment, stress management, and positive attitudes. There were no gender role, but there is a relation between school acreditation level and the treatment used towards the improvement of emotional intelegency. Harmony Physical Education is recommended to be used by teachers in semarang as a supplement for KTSP 2006Keywords: harmony physical education, emotional intelligence

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The Effect of Human Relations and Communication Lesson on Eloquent Speaking Skill

10.31219/osf.io/9vepn ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Meryem Altun Ekiz

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Model ◽

Human Relations ◽

Skill Scores ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Speaking Skill ◽

Speaking Skills

In this study, the effect of human relations and communication lessons on eloquent speaking skills was examined by using the pretest-posttest control group model. 96 students studying at Hatay Mustafa Kemal University School of Physical Education and Sports participated in the research voluntarily in the spring semester of 2020-2021. The data were collected during the oral presentations made in the human relations and communication lesson with the Rating Scale to Assess Speaking Skills for Turkish Native Speakers developed by Bozkurt and Arıca-Akkök (2019). Descriptive statistics were used to determine the level of speaking skills of physical education teacher candidates before and after speaking practices, and their standard deviation and arithmetic mean scores were examined. Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test was applied to determine whether there was a significant difference in speaking skill scores before and after the lesson. According to the research findings; while the pretest averages of the experimental group students were lower than the control group, their posttest averages were higher than the control group. It was determined that there was a significant difference between the scores of the students participating in the study before and after the experiment from the speaking skills observation form, and when the mean rank and totals of the difference scores were taken into account, it was seen that this difference was in favor of the positive ranks, that is, the posttest score. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores obtained from the speaking skills observation form of the students participating in the study in the control group.

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PENAMBAHAN CORE STABILITY PADA STAR EXCURSION BALANCE EXERCISE LEBIH MENINGKATKAN KESEIMBANGAN DINAMIS DAN MENURUNKAN FUNGSIONAL ANKLE INSTABILITAS DARIPADA STAR EXCURSION BALANCE EXERCISE PADA BELA DIRI TAEKWONDO

Sport and Fitness Journal ◽

10.24843/spj.2020.v08.i03.p09 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

Anak Agung Gede Eka Septian Utama ◽

Putu Astawa ◽

Muh. Ali Imron ◽

Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa ◽

Bagus Komang Satriyasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ankle Instability ◽

Core Stability ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Balance Test ◽

Group Design ◽

Balance Exercise ◽

Star Excursion Balance Test ◽

Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool

Latar belakang: Taekwondo merupakan bela diri yang banyak menggunakan anggota gerak bawah terutama pergelangan kaki sehingga sering terjadi fungsional ankle instabilitas (FAI). FAI terjadi akibat adanya gangguan dari postural kontrol, keseimbangan dinamis dan fungsi otot. Salah satu latihan yang dapat dipergunakan adalah star excursion balance exercise, namun masih ada kekurangan dalam kontrol postural akibat tidak terjadi aktivasi otot core untuk pembentukan postural stabilisasi. Tujuan: Untuk membuktikan penambahan core stability pada star excursion balance exercise lebih meningkatkan keseimbangan dinamis dan menurunkan fungsional ankle instabilitas daripada star excursion balance exercise pada bela diri taekwondo. Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah randomized pretest-postest control group design, Kelompok 1 mendapatkan star excursion balance exercise dan Kelompok 2 mendapatkan core stability dan star excursion balance exercise. Fungsional ankle instabilitas diukur menggunakan cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT) dan keseimbangan dinamis menggunakan star excursion balance test (SEBT). Dilakukan 3 kali seminggu selama 6 minggu. Hasil: Peningkatan SEBT sebelum pelatihan pada Kelompok 1 sebesar 86,4±6,3 cm, setelah pelatihan sebesar 92,3±6,7cm dan pada Kelompok 2 sebelum sebesar 86,2±6,1 cm, setelah pelatihan sebesar 96,7±7,9 cm. Penurunan fungsional ankle instabilitas dari peningkatan nilai CAIT sebelum pelatihan pada Kelompok 1 sebesar 20,4±1,8, setelah pelatihan sebesar 23,4±2,1 dan pada Kelompok 2 sebelum sebesar 20,3±2,8, setelah pelatihan sebesar 25,0±1,9. Perbedaan peningkatan keseimbangan dinamis pada Kelompok 1 dan 2 bermakna (p<0,05). Perbedaan penurunan FAI pada Kelompok 1 dan 2 bermakna (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Penambahan core stability pada star excursion balance exercise lebih meningkatkan keseimbangan dinamis dan menurunkan fungsional ankle instabilitas daripada star excursion balance exercise pada bela diri taekwondo. Kata kunci: fungsional ankle instabilitas, keseimbangan dinamis, star excursion balance exercise, core stability.

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