scholarly journals Dietary Exposure to Acrylamide and Associated Health Risks for the Korean Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7619
Author(s):  
Sanghee Lee ◽  
Hyun Jung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Confidence Limit ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Lower Confidence ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the study was to estimate the dietary exposure to acrylamide (AA) from the consumption of various processed food and to assess the associated health risks in different age groups in Korea. Potato crisps and French fries presented the highest mean levels of AA (546 and 372 μg/kg, respectively) followed by coffee (353 μg/kg) and tea products (245 μg/kg). The mean AA dietary exposure values for toddlers (≤2 years), children (3–6 years), children (7–12 years), adolescents (13–19 years), adults (20–64 years), and seniors (≥65 years) were estimated to be 0.15, 0.13, 0.06, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.06 μg/kg body weight (BW)/day, respectively. Based on the benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL10) of 0.18 and 0.31 mg/kg BW/day, the calculated mean and 95th percentile values for the margin of exposure were below 10,000 for the all age groups suggesting possible health concern for Koreans. Biscuits, crisps, and coffee were the primary foods contributing to dietary AA exposure among these in the Korean populations. In children, considering the health risk of AA dietary exposure, especially from biscuits and crisps, there is a need to further control and modify dietary habits to ensure lower AA exposure.

Metabolic Rate of Female Rats as a Function of Age and Body Size

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Kleiber ◽  
Arthur H. Smith ◽  
Theodore N. Chernikoff
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Unit

On the basis of 926 respiration trials, metabolic rates of normal female rats are presented as means of 42 different age groups from birth to 1000 days of age. The means with their standard errors are given for the metabolic rates per rat, per kilogram weight, per unit of the 2/3 power of body weight (surface), and per unit of the 3/4 power of body weight (inter specific unit of metabolic body size). A minimum of 72.6 Cal/kg.3/4 occurs between the ages of 200 and 300 days. An equation with two exponentials predicts the metabolic rate of rats from 77–1000 days of age with a standard deviation between prediction and observation of 2.2% of the mean.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Preschool Meals to the Diet of Finnish Preschoolers

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liisa Korkalo ◽  
Kaija Nissinen ◽  
Essi Skaffari ◽  
Henna Vepsäläinen ◽  
Reetta Lehto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Services ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
The Mean

Preschool meals may influence the formation of children’s dietary habits and health. We assessed the contribution of preschool meals to the diet of Finnish children. We used food record data from the cross-sectional DAGIS survey and selected recording days which included all three meals (breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack) at preschool. We analyzed the diet of three- to four-year-olds (n = 324) and five- to six-year-olds (n = 233). Preschool meals accounted for 54% of the weekday’s energy intake in both age groups, and provided ≥60% of total fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins D and E. More than 60% of fish dishes but only one third of total daily fresh fruit were consumed at preschool. The mean (SD) percentages of energy from protein and fat at preschool were 17% (3%) and 30% (7%) in the younger and 17% (3%) and 31% (6%) in the older age group, respectively. The mean proportions of energy from added sugar at preschool were below 5% in both age groups. On average, salt intake exceeded recommendations and 60% of salt came from preschool food. Tackling high salt intake should be a future goal of guidance for early childhood education and care food services.

Weight gain in antipsychotic-naive patients: a review and meta-analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tarricone ◽  
B. Ferrari Gozzi ◽  
A. Serretti ◽  
D. Grieco ◽  
D. Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The Mean

BackgroundWeight gain is a long-recognized side-effect of antipsychotic (AP) drugs and a major health concern in the treatment of psychosis. The strength of the causal relationship between AP drug exposure and weight gain can only be gauged by a drugs trial conducted on AP-naive patients.MethodWe conducted a review of the literature regarding the amount of weight gain induced by APs in AP-naive patients and carried out a meta-analysis of mean weight gains.ResultsWe found 11 primary studies reporting the effects of APs on body weight or body mass index (BMI) in AP-naive patients. The mean body weight and BMI gains in AP-naive patients were highly significant from the first weeks of treatment. When we limited the analysis to studies conducted on patients hospitalized and without any adjunctive treatment potentially affecting weight, the resultant sample showed less heterogeneity and confirmed the final picture of weight gain at around 3.8 kg and 1.2 points BMI.ConclusionsWeight gain associated with AP therapy in AP-naive patients occurs rapidly in the first few weeks and continues during the following months. Clinicians should be aware of the high probability of causing weight gain in AP-naive patients and should strictly monitor such patients.

scholarly journals Endocrine Disrupters and Food Safety

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Alberto Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupters ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Contact Materials ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Food Components

The general population is constantly exposed to a mixture of endocrine disrupters (ED), mainly through the food chain.The dietary exposure pathways are diverse, since ED can: i) affect diet components most liable to environmental pollution (e.g., polychlorinated and polybrominated chemicals in lipid-rich foods); ii) be employed in food production (e.g., certain groups of agrochemicals); iii) be released from food contact materials or during food production processes (such as bisphenol A or phthalates); iv) last but not least, be naturally present in food: endocrine-active nutrients and bioactive substances, such as iodine and phytoestrogens, respectively, may elicit health risks when intakes are excessive. Main health concerns from dietary exposure to ED include the building-up of a pollutants body burden and the potential for additive, “cocktail” effects. The factors modulting exposure and susceptibility are considered, including different stages of life, the modulation of risks by dietary habits and the multiple, often inadequately understood, interactions between ED and food components.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Acrylamide in Italian Baked Products and Dietary Exposure Assessment

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4156
Author(s):  
Francesco Esposito ◽  
Salvatore Velotto ◽  
Teresa Rea ◽  
Tommaso Stasi ◽  
Teresa Cirillo
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Toxic Compound ◽  
Exposure Data ◽  
Italian Market ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Baked Products

Acrylamide (AA) is a neo-formed toxic compound that develops in foods during cooking at temperatures above 120 °C. AA shows in vivo neurotoxic and carcinogenic effects, and it is potentially carcinogenic for humans. Its occurrence is common in baked food, such as bread and similar products. This study set out to analyze bread and sweets from the Italian market to evaluate the effects of the benchmark thresholds set by EU Regulation 2017/2158 and to ascertain the exposure of the Italian population to AA, across three age groups, through the consumption of baked products, according to the margin of exposure (MOE) approach. Two hundred samples were tested, and the content of AA ranged from 31 to 454 µg/kg for bread and products thereof and from 204 to 400 µg/kg for the sweets category. The exposure data did not show any neurotoxic health concern, whereas the MOE related to the carcinogenic endpoint is well below the minimum safety value of 10,000.

Biomonitoring study of deoxynivalenol exposure and association with typical cereal consumption in Swedish adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wallin ◽  
L.J. Hardie ◽  
N. Kotova ◽  
E. Warensjö Lemming ◽  
C. Nälsén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Toxicological Profile ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
The Mean

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin of the trichothecene family commonly found in cereals infested with different Fusarium species. DON acts primarily on the gastrointestinal and immune system and is suspected to be an underlying agent causing several outbreaks of gastrointestinal disorder among humans, which prompts studies of human exposure and estimations of intake among populations. However, assessing human exposure to mycotoxins is associated with several difficulties. Therefore, a study was undertaken among adults (18-80 years) in a subgroup of Riksmaten, the Swedish national survey investigating dietary habits, examining both the association between urinary DON concentration and dietary intake of cereals, and estimations of daily DON intake. The results indicate that exposure to DON is common among Swedish adults, as this mycotoxin was detected in 292 out of 326 urine samples (90%) at levels ranging from non-detectable to 65.8 ng DON/ml urine with a median level of 2.9 ng/ml. Furthermore, urinary DON (ng/mg creatinine) was associated with intake (g/day) of total cereal grain as well as whole grain. Urinary DON was also significantly associated with breakfast cereals and porridge consumption (P<0.05). Estimated DON intake in this study ranged between 2.5 and 5,443 ng/kg body weight (bw). 1% of the individuals had estimated intakes above the group provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI; 1 μg/kg), whereas the mean and median intakes of 159 and 84 ng DON/kg bw, respectively, were considerably below the PMTDI. Along with the toxicological profile of DON, no serious health implications are to be expected for the majority of Swedish adults, although a potential health concern remains for some high cereal consumers. In conclusion, biomonitoring could prove to be a valuable tool for observing DON exposure among populations.

scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption and Perceptions of Health Risks During COVID-19: A Qualitative Study of Middle-Aged Women in South Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Lunnay ◽  
Kristen Foley ◽  
Samantha B. Meyer ◽  
Megan Warin ◽  
Carlene Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Short Period

Australian women's alcohol consumption has increased in frequency during COVID-19. Research suggests this is to cope with stress resulting from the pandemic and COVID-19 countermeasures that require social distancing. This is a critical public health concern because increased alcohol consumption, even for a short period, increases the myriad longer-term health risks associated with cumulative exposure to alcohol. This paper provides unique qualitative evidence of how health risk perceptions are re-focused toward the shorter-term during the pandemic, through analysis of interviews with 40 middle-aged Australian women (aged 45–64) representing a range of self-perceived drinking status' (“occasional”/“light”/“moderate”/“heavy”) before and then during the pandemic (n = 80 interviews). Our analysis captures women's risk horizons drifting away from the uncertain longer-term during COVID-19, toward the immediate need to “get through” the pandemic. We show how COVID-19 has increased the perceived value of consuming alcohol among women, particularly when weighed up against the social and emotional “costs” of reducing consumption. Our findings have implications for the delivery of alcohol-related health risk messages designed for middle-aged women both during, and into the recovery phases of the pandemic, who already consume more alcohol and experience more alcohol-related health risk than women in other age groups.

scholarly journals Effect of Non genetic Factors on Weight Traits of Local Tarai Goats under Farmers’ Managed Condition

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Nirajan Bhattarai ◽  
Saroj Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Periodic Field ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Birth Type

A field study was carried out to characterize, evaluate and estimate the effect of non-genetic factors on the productive and reproductive performance of local Terai goats during March 2006 to February 2007 in Siraha, district. Altogether 206 dams and 318 kids of different age groups were identified for this study and data on productive performance was collected based on periodic field monitoring. The mean body weight of kids at birth, pre-weaning, weaning, and post weaning at 6 and at 8 months were was 2.23±0.04, 5.75±0.16, 10.18±0.23, 13.67±0.28, and 19.31±0.44 kg, respectively. Among the non-genetic factors, parity significantly (p<0.05) influenced but only to post-weaning weight of kids at 8 months. Post weaning weight of kids at 6 and 8 months significantly differed (p<0.05) with respect to sex, and birth type significantly differed to the body weight at birth (p<0.001), pre-weaning (p<0.01), weaning and at 6 months post-weaning (p<0.05) age. Thus, the results of this study suggested that the overall productivity of local Terai goat breed could be improved through selective breeding practices, especially by considering the non genetic factors such as, birth type and sex of kids.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6479 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 51-54 

scholarly journals The associations of eating behavior and dietary intake with metabolic syndrome in Japanese: Saku cohort baseline study

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akemi Morita ◽  
◽  
Naomi Aiba ◽  
Motohiko Miyachi ◽  
Shaw Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Baseline Study ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The prevention of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health concern in Japan. The effects of the relationship between eating behavior and nutritional intake on MetS remained unclear. To evaluate nutrition’s role in preventing or exacerbating MetS, we examined the associations among eating behavior, nutritional intake, and MetS for the baseline study in the cohort subjects undergone health checkups. Methods Four thousand and four hundred forty-seven Japanese men and women were enrolled at the Saku Central Hospital. They received an anthropometric and clinical examination and were assessed for present illness, lifestyle factors such as physical activity, smoking, drinking, and dietary habits at the enrollment. Eating behavior was analyzed by the Sakata’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Dietary assessment was made using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Two thousand and six hundred two men and 1844 women aged more than 20 were analyzed. Results The mean age in men and women were 59.2 and 58.4 years old and the mean body mass index (BMI) were 23.7 and 22.3 kg/m2, respectively. The percentages of MetS were 20.6 in men and 6.1 in women. In some nutrients, significantly higher energy-adjusted intakes in subjects without MetS than with Mets appeared both in men and women after age adjustment. After adjusting by age, energy-adjusted intake beverages in men and cereals in women were significantly higher in subjects with MetS than those without MetS. The scores of all the categories in eating behavior were significantly worse in subjects with MetS than those without MetS. Conclusions The differences in dietary intake between subjects with Mets and without Mets were relatively small. The scores of all the categories in eating behavior were worse in subjects with MetS than without MetS. It was suggested that the problem lay in the quality of diet, not in the quantity, caused by bad eating habits. The potential influence of eating behavior and nutritional intake on MetS was presented in men and women.

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