scholarly journals Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Human Serum Samples of Selected Populations from Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1581
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Dartey ◽  
Dag G. Ellingsen ◽  
Balazs Berlinger ◽  
Yngvar Thomassen ◽  
Jon Ø. Odland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Perfluorooctane Sulfonate ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Linear Isomer ◽  
Perfluorodecanoic Acid ◽  
Blood Mercury ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Pfas Concentration

The aims of this study were to assess serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in selected populations from Ghana, including workers engaged in the repair of electronic equipment (ERWs), and to elucidate PFAS concentrations in relation to blood mercury concentrations (B-Hg) as a biomarker of seafood consumption. In all, 219 participants were recruited into the study, of which 26 were women and 64 were ERWs. Overall, the PFAS concentrations were low. The most abundant components were perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS). Women had generally lower PFAS concentration than men. The ERWs had statistically significantly higher concentrations of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), which was associated with the concentration of tin in urine. This could indicate exposure during soldering. The concentration of B-Hg was associated with several of the PFASs such as PFOA, PFOS and perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS). Additionally, the concentrations of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) were highly associated with the concentrations of B-Hg. It is noteworthy that the linear isomer of PFHxS was strongly associated with B-Hg while the branched isomers of PFHxS were not. In conclusion, the PFAS concentrations observed in the present study are low compared to other populations previously investigated, which also reflects a lower PFAS exposure within the Ghanaian cohorts. ERWs had significantly higher PFOA concentrations than the other participants. Several PFASs were associated with B-Hg, indicating that seafood consumption may be a source of PFAS exposure.

scholarly journals Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Early Pregnancy and Risk for Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study in Southern Sweden

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Lars Rylander ◽  
Christian H. Lindh ◽  
Stefan R. Hansson ◽  
Karin Broberg ◽  
Karin Källén
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Low Exposure ◽  
Control Study

Preeclampsia is one of the most common causes of perinatal and maternal morbidity/mortality. One suggested environmental risk factor is exposure to endocrine-disrupting pollutants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The present case-control study in southern Sweden aims to investigate the hypothesized association between serum concentrations of PFAS in early pregnancy and the risk of developing preeclampsia. The study included 296 women diagnosed with preeclampsia (cases) and 580 healthy pregnant women (controls). Maternal serum samples were obtained from a biobank of samples collected in early pregnancy in connection with screening for infections. Serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Among primiparous women, there were no differences in PFAS concentrations in early pregnancy between the cases and the controls whereas among multipara women, the cases had significantly higher concentrations of PFNA (median concentrations were 0.44 and 0.38 ng/mL, p = 0.04). When individual PFAS were categorized into quartiles and adjustment for potential confounders was performed, the women in the highest quartiles had no significant increased risks of developing preeclampsia as compared with women in the lowest category. In conclusion, the present study provides limited support for the hypothesized association between PFAS and preeclampsia in a population with relatively low exposure levels.

scholarly journals MMP-7 Serum and Tissue Levels Are Associated with Poor Survival in Platinum-Treated Bladder Cancer Patients

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Tibor Szarvas ◽  
Michèle J. Hoffmann ◽  
Csilla Olah ◽  
Eszter Szekely ◽  
Andras Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Platinum Sensitivity ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy resistance is a main cause of therapeutic failure and death in bladder cancer. With the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors, prediction of platinum treatment became of great clinical importance. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) was shown to be involved in cisplatin resistance. Therefore, tissue and circulating MMP-7 levels were evaluated in 124 bladder cancer patients who received postoperative platinum-based chemotherapy. Tissue MMP-7 levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 72 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded chemo-naïve tumor samples, while MMP-7 serum concentrations were determined in 132 serum samples of an independent cohort of 52 patients. MMP-7 tissue and serum levels were correlated with clinicopathological and follow-up data. MMP-7 gene expression was determined by RT-qPCR in 20 urothelial cancer cell lines and two non-malignant urothelial cell lines. MMP-7 was overexpressed in RT-112 and T-24 cells by stable transfection, to assess its functional involvement in platinum sensitivity. High MMP-7 tissue expression and pretreatment serum concentrations were independently associated with poor overall survival (tissue HR = 2.296, 95%CI = 1.235–4.268 and p = 0.009; serum HR = 2.743, 95%CI = 1.258–5.984 and p = 0.011). Therefore, MMP-7 tissue and serum analysis may help to optimize therapeutic decisions. Stable overexpression in RT-112 and T-24 cells did not affect platinum sensitivity.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Metabolites and Clinical Outcome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2129
Author(s):  
Sieglinde Zelzer ◽  
Florian Prüller ◽  
Pero Curcic ◽  
Zdenka Sloup ◽  
Magdalena Holter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Metabolite Ratio ◽  
The University

(1) Background: Vitamin D, a well-established regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism, also has immune-modulatory functions. An uncontrolled immune response and cytokine storm are tightly linked to fatal courses of COVID-19. The present retrospective study aimed to inves-tigate vitamin D status markers and vitamin D degradation products in a mixed cohort of 148 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with various clinical courses of COVID-19. (2) Methods: The serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 25,26(OH)2D3 were determined by a validated liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry method in leftover serum samples from 148 COVID-19 patients that were admitted to the University Hospital of the Medical Uni-versity of Graz between April and November 2020. Anthropometric and clinical data, as well as outcomes were obtained from the laboratory and hospital information systems. (3) Results: From the 148 patients, 34 (23%) died within 30 days after admission. The frequency of fatal outcomes did not differ between males and females. Non-survivors were significantly older than survivors, had higher peak concentrations of IL-6 and CRP, and required mechanical ventilation more frequently. The serum concentrations of all vitamin D metabolites and the vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR) did not differ significantly between survivors and non-survivors. Additionally, the need for res-piratory support was unrelated to the serum concentrations of 25(OH)D vitamin D and the two vitamin D catabolites, as well as the VMR. (4) Conclusion: The present results do not support a relevant role of vitamin D for the course and outcome of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Associations between the thyroid panel and serum protein concentrations across pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Lisowska-Myjak ◽  
Agnieszka Strawa ◽  
Hanna Zborowska ◽  
Artur Jakimiuk ◽  
Ewa Skarżyńska
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Active Regulation ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractEstablishing any characteristic associations between the serum parameters of thyroid function and serum proteins in pregnancy may aid in elucidating the role of the thyroid gland in the regulation of pregnancy-specific metabolic processes and in selecting candidate biomarkers for use in their clinical assessment. Concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4), six electrophoretically separated protein fractions (albumin, alpha-1-, alpha2-, beta-1-, beta-2- and gamma-globulins), representative proteins—albumin (ALB), transferrin (TRF), alpha-2-macroglobulin (AMG) and ceruloplasmin (CER) were measured in 136 serum samples from 65 women in their consecutive trimesters of pregnancy. The concentrations of TSH, fT4 and fT3 were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the concentrations of the albumin, alpha-2- and beta-1 globulin fractions. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) which were positive between fT4 and ALB and negative between fT4 and TRF were established throughout pregnancy. Significant negative correlations (p < 0.05) were demonstrated for fT3 with alpha-2-globulin, AMG and CER. Changes in the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones seen between the trimesters were found to correlate with the concentrations of high-abundance serum proteins. Opposite directions of correlations between fT4 and ALB and fT4 and TRF observed throughout pregnancy may indicate the shared biological role of these parameters in maintaining maternal homeostasis and they suggest their potential use in the clinic as a simple biomarker panel. A negative correlation of fT3 with CER in the second trimester possibly reflects their involvement in the active regulation of metabolic processes.

scholarly journals Quantification of a Proteotypic Peptide from Protein C Inhibitor by Liquid Chromatography–Free SISCAPA-MALDI Mass Spectrometry: Application to Identification of Recurrence of Prostate Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1514-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Razavi ◽  
Lisa DS Johnson ◽  
Julian J Lum ◽  
Gary Kruppa ◽  
N Leigh Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Biomarker Validation ◽  
Protein C Inhibitor ◽  
Proteotypic Peptide

BACKGROUND Biomarker validation remains one of the most challenging constraints to the development of new diagnostic assays. To facilitate biomarker validation, we previously developed a chromatography-free stable isotope standards and capture by antipeptide antibodies (SISCAPA)-MALDI assay allowing rapid, high-throughput quantification of protein analytes in large sample sets. Here we applied this assay to the measurement of a surrogate proteotypic peptide from protein C inhibitor (PCI) in sera from patients with prostate cancer. METHODS A 2-plex SISCAPA-MALDI assay for quantification of proteotypic peptides from PCI and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) was used to measure these peptides in 159 trypsin-digested sera collected from 51 patients with prostate cancer. These patients had been treated with radiation with or without neoadjuvant androgen deprivation. RESULTS Patients who experienced biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer showed decreased serum concentrations of the PCI peptide analyte within 18 months of treatment. The PCI peptide concentrations remained increased in the sera of patients who did not experience cancer recurrence. Prostate-specific antigen concentrations had no predictive value during the same time period. CONCLUSIONS The high-throughput, liquid chromatography–free SISCAPA-MALDI assay is capable of rapid quantification of proteotypic PCI and sTfR peptide analytes in complex serum samples. Decreased serum concentrations of the PCI peptide were found to be related to recurrence of prostate cancer in patients treated with radiation with or without hormone therapy. However, a larger cohort of patients will be required for unequivocal validation of the PCI peptide as a biomarker for clinical use.

Association of methylmercury intake from seafood consumption and blood mercury level among the Asian and Non-Asian populations in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 212-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Liu ◽  
Susan Buchanan ◽  
Henry A. Anderson ◽  
Zhiwen Xiao ◽  
Victoria Persky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mercury Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Seafood Consumption ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Blood Mercury

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone in Male Rats with and without Vaccination with an α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone Vaccine

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Samantha McClenahan ◽  
Melinda Gunnell ◽  
Michael Owens
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Maximum Serum ◽  
The Brain

PURPOSE: α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) is a second-generation synthetic cathinone which acts as an inhibitor at the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters in the brain. These novel studies determined the pharmacokinetics (PK) of α-PVP in rats and then evaluated the effects of an α-PVP vaccine on the PK profile. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into treatment groups (n = 24/group) in which the vaccinated rats received an initial and two booster immunizations of the α-PVP vaccine at 0, 3, and 9 wks. Control rats received saline injections. α-PVP (0.56, 1, 3 mg/kg, sc) was then administered to both groups between 11-12 weeks and serum samples were collected for determination of α-PVP serum concentrations by LC-MS/MS (n=6 rats/treatment/time). At 13 weeks, brain, heart and kidney concentrations of α-PVP were determined by LC-MS/MS after administration of 1 mg/kg α-PVP (n=4-5 rats/treatment/time). RESULTS: PK values in control rats showed dose-dependent increases in maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUCinf) values with an elimination half-life (t1/2) of approximately 2.1 h. α-PVP exhibited linear PK profile in control rats. Vaccinated rats had significantly (p<0.05) higher serum Cmax and AUCinf values than controls, and significantly reduced total body clearance, volume of distribution and t1/2 values. Vaccinated rats had significantly lower α-PVP concentrations in the brain, heart, and kidney in comparison to control rats at early time points. CONCLUSION: Vaccination with the novel α-PVP vaccine significantly altered serum PK leading to a time-dependent reduction in brain, kidney and heart concentrations of α-PVP compared to controls.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, epigenetic age and DNA methylation: a cross-sectional study of firefighters

Epigenomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn M Goodrich ◽  
Miriam M Calkins ◽  
Alberto J Caban-Martinez ◽  
Todd Stueckle ◽  
Casey Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Toxicity Biomarkers ◽  
Epigenetic Age ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Epic Array

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent chemicals that firefighters encounter. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, could serve as PFASs toxicity biomarkers. Methods: With a sample size of 197 firefighters, we quantified the serum concentrations of nine PFASs, blood leukocyte DNA methylation and epigenetic age indicators via the EPIC array. We examined the associations between PFASs with epigenetic age, site- and region-specific DNA methylation, adjusting for confounders. Results: Perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and the sum of branched isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonate (Sm-PFOS) were associated with accelerated epigenetic age. Branched PFOA, linear PFOS, perfluorononanoate, perfluorodecanoate and perfluoroundecanoate were associated with differentially methylated loci and regions. Conclusion: PFASs concentrations are associated with accelerated epigenetic age and locus-specific DNA methylation. The implications for PFASs toxicity merit further investigation.

Commercial kits for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D compared with a liquid-chromatographic assay

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bertelloni ◽  
G I Baroncelli ◽  
U Benedetti ◽  
G Franchi ◽  
G Saggese
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract Three commercially available kits for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] determination were compared with a liquid-chromatographic method. Serum samples were analyzed for 1,25(OH)2D from 70 healthy subjects (age 2.2-17.5 years; 35 males, 35 females), some (n = 5) given orally high vitamin D3 doses. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D was measured in 28 patients with untreated diseases associated with low (n = 16) or high (n = 12) serum concentrations of the hormone. The results showed that the commercial kits were sufficiently accurate with respect to the comparison method and suitable for routine clinical work.

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