scholarly journals Child Farm-Related Injury in Australia: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6063
Author(s):  
Jessie Adams ◽  
Alison Kennedy ◽  
Jacqueline Cotton ◽  
Susan Brumby
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Farm Safety ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Year 2000

Children on farms have been identified as a population vulnerable to injury. This review seeks to identify child farm-related injury rates in Australia and to determine the key hazards and contributing risk factors. This critical review utilised the PRISMA guidelines for database searching. Research from the year 2000 onward was included as well as earlier seminal texts. Reference lists were searched, and the relevant research material was explored. Our primary focus was on Australian peer-reviewed literature with international and grey literature examples included. Evidence suggests that there is limited Australian research focusing on child farm-related injuries. Child representation in farm-related injuries in Australia has remained consistent over time, and the key hazards causing these injuries have remained the same for over 20 years. The factors contributing to child rates of farm injury described in the literature include child development and exposure to dangerous environments, the risk-taking culture, multi-generational farming families, lack of supervision, child labour and lack of regulation, limited targeted farm safety programs, underuse of safe play areas, financial priorities and poor understanding and operationalisation of the hierarchy of control. It is well known that children experience injury on farms, and the key hazards that cause this have been clearly identified. However, the level of exposure to hazards and the typical attitudes, behaviours and actions of children and their parents around the farm that contribute to chid injury remain unexplored.

scholarly journals Fusing Sentinel-2 Imagery and ALS Point Clouds for Defining LULC Changes on Reclaimed Areas by Afforestation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Szostak ◽  
Kacper Knapik ◽  
Piotr Wężyk ◽  
Justyna Likus-Cieślik ◽  
Marcin Pietrzykowski
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Sentinel 2

The study was performed on two former sulphur mines located in Southeast Poland: Jeziórko, where 216.5 ha of afforested area was reclaimed after borehole exploitation and Machów, where 871.7 ha of dump area was reclaimed after open cast strip mining. The areas were characterized by its terrain structure and vegetation cover resulting from the reclamation process. The types of reclamation applied in these areas were forestry in Jeziórko and agroforestry in the Machów post-sulphur mine. The study investigates the possibility of applying the most recent Sentinel-2 (ESA) satellite imageries for land cover mapping, with a primary focus on detecting and monitoring afforested areas. Airborne laser scanning point clouds were used to derive precise information about the spatial (3D) characteristics of vegetation: the height (95th percentile), std. dev. of relative height, and canopy cover. The results of the study show an increase in afforested areas in the former sulphur mines. For the entire analyzed area of Jeziórko, forested areas made up 82.0% in the year 2000 (Landsat 7, NASA), 88.8% in 2009 (aerial orthophoto), and 95.5% in 2016 (Sentinel-2, ESA). For Machów, the corresponding results were 46.1% in 2000, 57.3% in 2009, and 60.7% in 2016. A dynamic increase of afforested area was observed, especially in the Jeziórko test site, with the presence of different stages of vegetation growth.

Children and motorcycles: a systematic review of risk factors and interventions

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Brown ◽  
Lisa Schonstein ◽  
Rebecca Ivers ◽  
Lisa Keay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Clinical Case Studies ◽  
Rigorous Study ◽  
Haddon Matrix

ObjectiveTo (i) identify person, vehicle and environmental risk factors for injury among children using motorcycles, and (ii) identify and appraise studies of interventions designed to reduce the occurrence or severity of injury among children using these vehicles.MethodA systematic approach was used to collate data from published and grey literature globally on risk factors for motorcycles injury, and studies reporting evaluation of interventions to counter this injury. Academic data sets and public search engines (including Google and Yahoo!) were used. Websites of major conferences, organisations and networks were also searched. Finally, researchers and units working in this area were also contacted by email or phone seeking relevant research. All study types were eligible, excluding clinical case studies. The Haddon Matrix was used as a framework for synthesising the data.ResultsThe review revealed that robust investigations of risk factors for injury among children using motorcycles are relatively scarce, and there are few interventional studies reporting effectiveness of countermeasures to this problem. Epidemiological literature is generally limited to discussion of human factors, and less attention has been given to vehicle and environmental factors. Furthermore, much of the literature is commentaries and descriptive studies. There has been little rigorous study of risk factors unique to children riding motorcycles.ConclusionsThis first attempt at extensively reviewing literature related to risk factors and interventions for children and motorcycles using the Haddon Matrix as a framework clearly highlights need for more rigorous study as information is lacking in all cells of this matrix.

scholarly journals Gaps and opportunities for cervical cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care: evidence from midterm review of the Zimbabwe cervical Cancer prevention and control strategy (2016–2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Tapera ◽  
Anna M. Nyakabau ◽  
Ndabaningi Simango ◽  
Bothwell T. Guzha ◽  
Shamiso Jombo-Nyakuwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
National Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Draft Report ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer amongst women globally and it accounts for the majority of cancer deaths among females in Zimbabwe. The objective of this midterm review analysis was to identify the gaps and opportunities for cervical cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care to inform the next cervical cancer strategy in Zimbabwe. Methods A mixed methods approach was used for the midterm review. Secondary data was collected from programme documents, published and grey literature. Primary data was collected in six provinces through key informant interviews with officials and focus group discussions with beneficiaries. After data analysis, a draft report was presented to a technical working group to validate the findings and to fill in any gaps. Results This midterm review revealed a myriad of gaps of the strategy particularly in diagnosis, treatment and care of cervical cancer and the primary focus was on secondary prevention. There was no data to quantify the level of awareness and advocacy for cervical cancer prevention. Our results revealed that there was no data on the proportion of women who ever tested for cervical cancer which existed nationally. Our findings suggest that some health facilities were screening women above 50 years old using VIAC, which is an inappropriate approach for those women. Quality control of VIAC and treatment of precancers were not part of the strategy. Pathological services were not efficient and effective due to lack of resources and additionally data on investigations were not routinely collected and available at the national level. Other gaps identified were limited funding, human resources, equipment, and commodities as well as lack of leadership at the national level to coordinate the various components of the cervical cancer programme. There are also numerous opportunities identified to build upon some successes realized to date. Conclusions Our findings emphasized the importance of effective and holistic planning in cervical cancer screening programmes in low-resource settings. In addition, huge investments are required in cervical cancer programmes and governments need to take centre role in mobilizing the requisite resources.

LOINC: Origin, development of and perspectives for medical research and biobanking – 20 years on the way to implementation in Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian C. Semler
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
National Level ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Snomed Ct ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Year 2000

Abstract Twenty-five years of LOINC (Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes) and almost 20 years of experience with the implementation of LOINC in Germany – without having so far achieved a binding national definition of or a relevant routine use of LOINC in laboratory data communication. This article sketches the development of LOINC use in Germany since the year 2000 on the basis of grey literature. For the first time, the use of LOINC in Germany is experiencing a significant impetus at the national level: On the one hand, the current health legislation with its stipulations for a legally defined electronic patient record provides the necessary framework for nationwide stipulations; on the other hand, there is a significant impulse from the German Medical Informatics Initiative (MII) out of the medical research field for implementing a uniform LOINC subset. In recognition of the 25th anniversary of the LOINC nomenclature (1995–2019), the article traces the emergence of LOINC – which is characterized by interactions between European (EUCLIDES, READ, NPU) and US (HL7, LOINC, SNOMED CT) developments and the interplay of various standardization initiatives. Different national definitions and e-health strategies resulting from this history will be a challenge for the future e-health harmonization in the EU. The concerns of medical research and biobanking must be taken into account here, since the standardization of lab data according to international nomenclatures is of utmost importance for them.

Technologies, Teaching, and Learning in Higher Education

Education ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Technology In Teaching ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Among all of the activity and commentary about the impact of technology on higher education, there is, unfortunately, not a high proportion of this work that could be described as rigorous or logically sound. There is a tendency for scholars and commentators to take either an overwhelmingly positive position or a skeptical position on the use of teaching technologies, either seeing them as a silver bullet to solve all educational problems, or as a direct route to a hellish, dystopian future. The focus of this bibliography is the subset of journals, books, and articles that are based on sound evidence, are well argued, and are therefore of high quality and high possible utility. As such, the emphasis is on what is known, rather than on conjectures about the utopian or dystopian versions of the future of higher education. The primary focus is on the role and impact of technologies on teaching and student learning. The bibliography is aimed at providing a high-level overview of teaching technologies in higher education from the perspective of sound, evidence-informed pedagogy. The entries in this bibliography also only include those from peer-reviewed outlets (with one key exception). As grey literature tends toward baseless claims and is based more on opinion and conjecture than sound evidence, it has been left out of this bibliography. Also left out are high-level, sensationalist publications written by former university presidents, consulting firms, or star economists and management professors (again with one exception). As these well-known publications tend to make gross generalizations based on little evidence about how teaching and learning actually work, they are of no real use and have therefore not been included. Looking across all the entries provided here, it is evident that many of the key issues that currently occupy those involved in the conceptualization, research, and implementation of technology in teaching in higher education have been of interest for some time. Many of the seminal articles and topics were published a decade or more ago. While there is probably a case for fresh, systematic reviews and possible reconceptualizations of the role technologies are playing in university teaching, the long-established theories still provide a solid basis for understanding current issues. There has, in fact, possibly been a tendency to ignore these theories in favor of the latest trend or tool. So while it may appear that many of the sources cited in this bibliography are out of date, that is far from the case. It is not the new, shiny technologies that should drive innovation in university teaching, but rather the rigorous and scholarly contributions that have stood the test of time. It is those contributions that make up much of the literature included here.

Contemporary Research Trends in International Marketing

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Kotabe ◽  
Crystal X. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
International Marketing ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
First Century ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Business Research ◽  
International Business Research ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Year 2000

International business research is probably more influenced by various forces of the economic and political climates than its domestic (or generic) counterpart. The emergence of new market economies in Eastern Europe, China, India, and Brazil, the consolidation of the European Union, as well as a decade of economic stagnation and recent resurgence in Japan's economy has given global competition greater significance. This article looks at research in international marketing to see if the discipline has overcome the deficiencies outlined in the previous studies. It examines the state of the art in international marketing research, with particular emphasis on conceptual frameworks and theory development. Its primary focus is on studies published since the year 2000 because the first decade of the twenty-first century has been characterized by changes in virtually all aspects of businesses and personal life.

scholarly journals Governance in/of Cancer Care and Stewardship in Cancer Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-243
Author(s):  
Marjetka Jelenc ◽  
Tit Albreht ◽  
Mateja Lamovšek ◽  
Antonio Federici ◽  
Peter Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Clinical Governance ◽  
Work Package ◽  
Action Project ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
First Time

In the literature in the field of cancer care, especially in the literature concerning national cancer control programmes, the terms governance and stewardship in/of cancer care are used, but usually not explained or defined. Therefore, we planned a systematic literature review in order to find the definitions of the terms governance and stewardship in/of cancer care. It was planned to create new definitions of the mentioned terms in case of unsuccessful finds. A literature review using PubMed, Google and MeSH as well as an opportunistic search for extra articles and chapters from books and grey literature was performed. Most of the found and analysed articles did not give exact explanation of the terms governance/stewardship in/of cancer care or they cited older articles (published before the year 2000) where the terms are used mostly in the field of clinical governance or in the completely other fileds, mostly banking, economy, religion or spirituality. Therefore, it was decided in the working group of experts from different European countries collaborating within in the work package Governance of integrated and comprehensive cancer care in the frame of the Innovative Partnership for the Action Against Cancer Joint Action project on cancer to create new definitions which we are presenting for the first time. The new definitions will facilitate the understanding of the leadership tasks in the area of cancer care and cancer control and will be particularly useful in the field of cancer programmes.

scholarly journals Food & mood: a review of supplementary prebiotic and probiotic interventions in the treatment of anxiety and depression in adults

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjnph-2019-000053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Noonan ◽  
Meena Zaveri ◽  
Elaine Macaninch ◽  
Kathy Martyn
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Primary Focus

BackgroundA bidirectional relationship exists between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. Foods containing bacteria that positively influence the gastrointestinal microbiome are termed, probiotics; compounds that promote the flourishing of these bacteria are termed, prebiotics. Whether microbiome influencing therapies could treat psychiatric conditions, including depression and anxiety, is an area of interest. Presently, no established consensus for such treatment exists.MethodsThis systematic review analyses databases and grey literature sites to investigate pre and/or probiotics as treatments for depression and/or anxiety disorders. Articles included are from within 15 years. Pre-determined inclusion exclusion criteria were applied, and articles were appraised for their quality using a modified-CASP checklist. This review focuses specifically on quantitative measures from patients with clinical diagnoses of depression and/or anxiety disorders.Results7 studies were identified. All demonstrated significant improvements in one or more of the outcomes measuring the of effect taking pre/probiotics compared with no treatment/placebo, or when compared to baseline measurements.DiscussionOur review suggests utilising pre/probiotic may be a potentially useful adjunctive treatment. Furthermore, patients with certain co-morbidities, such as IBS, might experience greater benefits from such treatments, given that pre/probiotic are useful treatments for other conditions that were not the primary focus of this discourse. Our results are limited by several factors: sample sizes (adequate, though not robust); short study durations, long-term effects and propensity for remission undetermined.ConclusionOur results affirm that pre/probiotic therapy warrants further investigation. Efforts should aim to elucidate whether the perceived efficacy of pre/probiotic therapy in depression and/or anxiety disorders can be replicated in larger test populations, and whether such effects are maintained through continued treatment, or post cessation. Interventions should also be investigated in isolation, not combination, to ascertain where the observed effects are attributable to. Efforts to produce mechanistic explanations for such effect should be a priority.

scholarly journals Evaluating Ancillary Business Scale for PPP-BOT Projects: A Social Housing BOT Case in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Chih-Yao Huang ◽  
Ren-Jye Dzeng
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Scale Ratio ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Year 2000

Due to budgetary constraints, the government releases the right to ancillary business development for private investors to increase profits in PPP projects. However, the ancillary business scale is not specified in the regulations, and there is little relevant research on modeling the scale. Thus, our research aims to create a model with mathematical analysis to evaluate the ancillary business scale. The model is constructed based on the discounted cash flow model to calculate the ancillary business scale attracting private investors with a case study of a social housing project. For this case, the calculated ancillary business minimum scale (ratio of ancillary business to project in total floor area) based on the 7-year (2009–2016) and 17-year (2000–2016) data are 30.81% and 52.79%, respectively; neither is able to meet the scale listed in the tender condition regulated by the government, i.e., 25%. Moreover, this study performs a sensitivity analysis on the expected rate of return and rent discount of the case. The government needs to raise the proportion of ancillary businesses or to increase the rent of social housing to successfully attract private investors.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Prehospital Point-of-Care Troponin Tests to Rule Out Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-573
Author(s):  
Abdulrhman Alghamdi ◽  
Ahmed Alotaibi ◽  
Meshal Alharbi ◽  
Charles Reynard ◽  
Richard Body
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
English Language ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Rule Out

AbstractIntroduction:Chest pain is one of the most common reasons for 999 calls and transfers to the emergency department (ED). In these patients, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is often the diagnosis that clinicians are seeking to exclude. However, only a minority of those patients have AMI, causing a substantial financial burden to health services. Cardiac troponin (cTn) is the reference standard biomarker for the diagnosis of AMI. Several commercially available point-of-care (POC) cTn assays are portable and could feasibly be used in an ambulance. The aim of this paper is to systematically review existing evidence for the use of POC cTn assays in the prehospital setting to rule out AMI.Methods:A systematic search was conducted on EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL Plus databases, reference lists, and relevant grey literature, including combinations of the relevant terms. Papers published in English language since the year 2000 were eligible for inclusion. A narrative synthesis of the evidence was then undertaken.Results:The initial search and cross-referencing revealed a total of 350 papers, of which 243 were excluded. Seven papers were included in the systematic literature review.Conclusion:Current evidence does not support the use of POC troponin assays to exclude AMI due to issues with diagnostic accuracy and insufficient high-quality evidence.

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