scholarly journals Is Environmental Pollution Associated with an Increased Number of COVID-19 Cases in Europe?

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Javier Cifuentes-Faura
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Sustainable Policy ◽  
Pollutant Gases

COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented crisis, resulting in a global pandemic with millions infected and dying. Given the importance given to sustainability and the reduction in pollutant gases in recent years, the main objective of this study was to determine whether pollutant emissions are associated with an increased number of COVID-19 cases in Europe. Other demographic variables that may have an impact on the number of coronavirus cases, such as population density, average age or the level of restrictive policies implemented by governments, are also included. It has been shown that the emission of carbon monoxide pollutant gases and pollutant emissions from transport positively affect the incidence of COVID-19, so that the sustainable policy implemented in recent years in Europe should be reinforced, and tougher sanctions and measures should be imposed when pollution thresholds are exceeded.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Attitude about Biomedical Waste Management among Healthcare Professionals during COVID-19 Crises in Al-Ahsa

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Sahbanathul Missiriya Jalal ◽  
Fahima Akhter ◽  
Amal Ismael Abdelhafez ◽  
Ahmed Mansour Alrajeh
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biomedical Waste ◽  
Respiratory Therapists ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knowledge Practice

Biomedical waste (BMW) management is an essential practice of healthcare professionals (HCPs) for preventing health and also environmental hazards. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, posing significant challenges for healthcare sectors. A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the knowledge, practice, and attitude on BMW management among HCPs when taking care of patients with COVID-19 and associated with demographic variables. From Al-Ahsa healthcare sectors, 256 HCPs were selected randomly, of which 105 (41%) had excellent knowledge, 87 (34%) had good knowledge, and 64 (25%) had poor knowledge with a mean score of 13.1 ± 3.6. A higher mean score was (14.4 ± 3.2) obtained by physicians, and (13.6 ± 3.8) nurses than the other HCPs. Regarding practice, 72 (28.1%) HCPs used and discarded PPE while handling biomedical wastes. Additionally, 88 (34.4%) followed proper hand hygiene before and after each procedure and whenever needed. Physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists had a more favorable attitude than other HCPs. There was a statistically significant association found among knowledge level and educational qualification (p < 0.0001), gender (p < 0.001), and work experience (p < 0.05). Emphasis is needed to train all HCPs regarding proper BMW management during this pandemic to prevent infection transmission.

Are Industrial Structure Adjustment and Technical Progress Conducive to Environmental Improvement?

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Temporal Dependence ◽  
Environmental Improvement ◽  
Structure Adjustment ◽  
Industrial Structure Adjustment ◽  
Spatio Temporal

China actively broadens its channels for environmental protection and limits pollutant emissions through industrial structure adjustment and technical progress. Based on panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2017, this study investigated the effects of industrial structure adjustment and technical progress on environmental pollution using spatial Dubin models. The findings show the following. (1) As the economy develops, the situation of environmental pollution in various regions deteriorates; moreover, spatio-temporal dependence is an aspect of environmental pollution. (2) Industrial structure adjustment and technical progress are beneficial to environmental improvement. Furthermore, there are spillover effects in factors such as industrial structure and technical progress to varying degrees. Thus, this study suggests that the path of coupling between industrial structure and technical progress should be explored to establish a pollution filtering mechanism, thereby improving environmental quality.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Analysis of Iron Ore Sintering Process Based on Biomass Carbon

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5988
Author(s):  
Mi Zhou ◽  
Zhenyu Yu ◽  
Panlei Wang ◽  
Huaqing Xie ◽  
Yongcai Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Sinter Process ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Coke Breeze ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Metallurgical Properties ◽  
Pollutant Gases

The sinter process of iron ore with biomass carbon instead of coke breeze as fuel was investigated via thermodynamic analysis in this paper through a comparison of sinter composition indexes, metallurgical properties, and pollutant emissions. Straw charcoal was used in this paper, and its replacement does not adversely affect the composition index of iron ore, namely Fe, FeO, basicity, S, nor the metallurgical properties, namely reduction degradation index and reduction index. However, the replacement has a great effect on the emissions of pollutant gases, including SO2, NOx, CO, and CO2. The thermodynamic analysis result shows that emissions of pollutant gases produced in the sinter process significantly decrease by using straw charcoal instead of coke breeze in sinter. The sintering maximum temperature has a great influence on sintering technical indicators. The best sintering maximum temperature is between 1300 and 1400 °C, where sinter ore with high quality can be obtained.

scholarly journals Comparing Economics, Environmental Pollution and Health Efficiency in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi ◽  
Wu ◽  
Huang ◽  
Sun ◽  
Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Health Measurement ◽  
Dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Efficiency

As the modern economy develops rapidly, environmental pollution and human health have also been threatened. In recent years, relevant research has focused on subjects such as energy and economic, environmental pollution and health issues. Yet this has not considered the use of water resources and the impact of wastewater pollutant emissions on the economy and health. This article has combined the following factors like water consumption with wastewater discharge, pollutant concentration in sewage and local medical care expenditure and put them into the model of water resources, energy and health measurement, and a two-stage dynamic data envelopment analysis (DEA) model considering undesirable outputs is applied to 30 provinces (including autonomous regions and municipalities) to calculate the total efficiency, production efficiency and health efficiency in 2014–2017.The results show that the total efficiency values of most provinces are between 0.2 and 0.4, providing large room for improvement. Production efficiency and health efficiency have increased in recent years, but the health efficiency values of most provinces are still so low that they have dragged back the overall efficiency. The key impact indicators of different provinces are different, and each province should formulate different policies according to its own specific conditions so as to purposefully to deepen the energy, economic and medical reforms in each province, and also to promote sustainable economic development while improving health efficiency.

Demographic consequences of artificial selection at the LAP locus in voles (Microtus townsendii)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1825-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice LeDuc ◽  
Charles J. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Experimental Population ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Altered Gene ◽  
Microtus Townsendii

A number of studies on small mammals have shown that changes in the frequency of alleles at polymorphic loci are correlated with population fluctuations. To determine whether the genetic composition of a population affected its density changes, we altered gene frequencies in two field populations of the vole Microtus townsendii. The fast allele, LAPF, was present in a control population at a frequency of about 35% from July 1971 to July 1973. By removing homozygous LAPS/LAPS voles from one experimental population we maintained an LAPF frequency of about 75%. Removal of LAPF/LAPF homozygotes from a second population resulted in an LAPF frequency of about 25%. We monitored demographic variables of the populations while the selection was being applied. The populations went through increasing and peak phases and then declined sharply during the spring of 1973. Different genotypes had an advantage in survival and reproduction during different phases of population density on the control area, and the selection that maintained the polymorphism on the control area could be correlated with population density. The altered allelic frequencies on the experimental areas did not produce any consistent effects on demography.

scholarly journals Identification of Carbon Monoxide Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 883-890
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Simple System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Pollutant Gases ◽  
Monitor And Control

With ever rising emission of pollutant gases from different sources like factories, auto mobiles and power, it is a subject of emerging concerns that some strong measures are required to monitor and control these pollutant. Breathing of these gases may cause serious harmful effects to anyone. In these gases, Carbon Monoxide (CO) is often called "Silent Killer" as being colour-less, odour-less and poisonous, it is undetectable by humans. When inhaled it, it deprives blood stream of oxygen and suffocates its victim. In this paper we are proposing a simple system to monitor Carbon Monoxide (CO). Carbon Monoxide (CO) detectors are used to detect CO. This paper also discusses analysis of amount of these CO based a data set from Kaggle and prediction of possible amount of CO in air using regression. The prediction accuracy which is measured as RMSE is 0.17766.

scholarly journals On the Modeling of Carbon Monoxide Flaring in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Chrysogonus C. Nwaigwe ◽  
Chukwudi J. Ogbonna ◽  
Ojochekpa Achem
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Gamma Distributions ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Federal Environmental Protection Agency

Data on pollutant emissions in Nigeria were collected across the states to detect any significant change which may cause harm to human health and the environment at large. Three theoretical distributions; Weibull, Log-normal and Gamma distributions were examined on the gas flaring (carbon monoxide) observations to determine the best distribution for the pollutant emissions. The characteristics of the pollutant emissions were obtained and the probabilities of exceeding the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) acceptable limits were estimated.

scholarly journals Concentration modeling of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted from cigarette consumption in atmosphere of Isfahan, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirreza Talaiekhozani ◽  
Ali Mohammad Amani ◽  
Zeinab Eskandari ◽  
Reza Sanaye
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Sources ◽  
Pollutants Dispersion

Introduction: Although many studies on Isfahan’s air pollution have been done, there is no report about the effects of cigarette consumption in Isfahan. The aims of this study were (a) to find the amount of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emitted by cigarette consumption in Isfahan; and (b) to model the distribution of such pollutants in Isfahan’s atmosphere. Materials and methods: Based on the literature, it is assumed that 15% of Isfahan’s people consume cigarettes and each smoker on average smokes 1,147 cigarettes per year. Based on these assumptions, the 249,000 smokers living in Isfahan consume 285,000,000 cigarettes per year. The amount of pollutant emissions was calculated by existing emission factors for cigarette consumption. Finally, the distribution of the emitted pollutants from cigarette consumption in Isfahan’s atmosphere was modeled using AERMOD. Results: The results illustrated that each year, 2.85 kg nitrogen oxides, 2.85 kg hydrocarbons, 37.05 kg carbon monoxide and 142.5 kg carbon dioxide are emitted into Isfahan’s atmosphere from residents’ smoking. The modeling of pollutants’ dispersion in Isfahan’s atmosphere showed that only some of these pollutants result from cigarette consumption. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the amount of pollutants emitted by cigarette consumption was negligible compared to the other pollutant sources in Isfahan.

scholarly journals Pollutant emission in the air of Mogilev region

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Stationary Sources ◽  
Emission Density

The purpose of this article is to highlight and analysis of trends in total emissions of polluting substances in atmospheric air of Mogilev region. The main material. A brief overview of Belarusian scientistsʹ research in the fi eld of geoecological conditions of atmospheric air is given in the article. The article deals with pollutants accumulation in the air of Mogilev region from various sources. Mobile sources (64.1% in 2015) are mainly responsible for air pollution in the region. In 2015 in comparison with 2010 there was a decrease in pollutant emissions as a result of transport functioning. Sources of pollutants accumulating in the air are exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, crankcase gases and fuel evaporation from fuel systems. Automobiles dominate in the structure of vehicles (85.3% in 2015). The article considers dynamics of pollutant emissions from stationary sources. The majority of pollutants are found in the air because of technological processes. Hydrocarbons and sulfur dioxide prevail in the structure of emissions of these sources. Chemical industry enterprises (Mogilev chemical fiber, Mogilev artificial fiber plant, etc.) are the sources of air pollution. Substances of the 4th and 3d danger classes predominate in the structure of pollutants in Mogilev region. Substances of the 1st and 2nd danger classes are insignificant. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research uneven territorial distribution of emission density of the main pollutants in the air of Mogilev region has been established. Kostiukovich and Krichevsk districts are characterized by high level of emission density of suspended substances, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide in the air from stationary sources. Cherikov district is characterized by a low level of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide emissions per unit area. 71.4% of the administrative districts of Mogilev region are characterized by an average density level of carbon monoxide emissions from stationary sources in relation to the average regional level, 14.3% of districts by lower level, 4.8% by low level and 9.5% by high level. It is advisable to improve the production technology, to equip enterprises with new gas cleaning facilities in order to reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment.

scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of Innovation on Economic Quality and Environmental Pollution Change under Consideration of Environmental Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xinfei Li ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Yueming Li ◽  
Chang Xu ◽  
Xiaobing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
China’S Economy

Under the constraints of resources and the environment, exploring the channels to improve the quality of China’s economy is very important for China’s current sustainable development. Therefore, this paper studies whether innovation can improve the quality of China’s economy and explore the path of sustainable development from the perspective of the city. Based on the Malmquist–Luenberger index and DEA-Malmquist index, this paper, respectively, measures the green total factor productivity (GTFP) and total factor productivity (TFP) of 193 cities in China. On the basis of obtaining the GTFP, TFP, and various pollutant emissions of 193 cities, this paper selects environmental regulations as the threshold variable and the number of urban patents as the explanatory variable to measure the level of urban innovation. On this basis, we examine the impact of innovation quality on economic quality and environmental pollution under different environmental regulatory intensities. The research results show that the impact of innovation on GTFP and TFP under different environmental regulations is always positive, but the impact coefficient and significance level vary. In addition, the impact of innovation on SO2 emissions under different environmental regulations has also changed. With the increase of environmental regulations, the effect of reducing emissions is gradually significant. The conclusion of this paper better interprets the development of TFP and GTFP under the innovation-driven strategy, provides a decision-making basis for departments at all levels to formulate innovation support policies, and explores the path of sustainable development.

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