scholarly journals From Acellular Matrices to Smart Polymers: Degradable Scaffolds that are Transforming the Shape of Urethral Tissue Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq O. Abbas ◽  
Huseyin C. Yalcin ◽  
Cristian P. Pennisi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Urethral Reconstruction ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Degradable Biomaterials ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
Biological Performance

Several congenital and acquired conditions may result in severe narrowing of the urethra in men, which represent an ongoing surgical challenge and a significant burden on both health and quality of life. In the field of urethral reconstruction, tissue engineering has emerged as a promising alternative to overcome some of the limitations associated with autologous tissue grafts. In this direction, preclinical as well as clinical studies, have shown that degradable scaffolds are able to restore the normal urethral architecture, supporting neo-vascularization and stratification of the tissue. While a wide variety of degradable biomaterials are under scrutiny, such as decellularized matrices, natural, and synthetic polymers, the search for scaffold materials that could fulfill the clinical performance requirements continues. In this article, we discuss the design requirements of the scaffold that appear to be crucial to better resemble the structural, physical, and biological properties of the native urethra and are expected to support an adequate recovery of the urethral function. In this context, we review the biological performance of the degradable polymers currently applied for urethral reconstruction and outline the perspectives on novel functional polymers, which could find application in the design of customized urethral constructs.

Informatics Challenges in Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rekow
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Dental Restorations ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
Ceramic Crowns ◽  
Three Dimensional Configuration

Both tissue engineering and biomaterials have made tremendous strides recently, yet major questions remain unanswered. Tissue-engineered products have come to the market; others are in development. A fundamental issue that informatics could address for tissue engineering is to describe and to predict the cascade of biochemical and cellular reactions that occur as a function of time and implant material: surface texture, microporosity; pore size, density, and connectivity; and three-dimensional configuration. Behavior of ceramics, a subset of tissue-engineering scaffold materials and a mainstay of dental restorations, has been studied extensively for very thin layers and for thicknesses greater than 2 mm. Until recently, little has been known about dentally relevant thickness of 1–2 mm. Results have been surprising and are continuing to develop. Still, at least one fundamental question remains that could be addressed by informatics techniques: Where, along the spectrum of flat-polished material to 10-year clinical in vivo study, can we test to predict clinical performance of all-ceramic crowns accurately?

Preparation and Properties on Silk Fibers Reinforced Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 105-106 ◽  
pp. 557-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Q.Z. Sun ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
D.M. Liu ◽  
Xiang Cai Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Silk Fibers ◽  
Initial Strength ◽  
Scaffold Materials

Silk fibers were introduced into hydroxyapatite(HA)/chitosan(CS) matrix to prepare scaffold materials of bone tissue engineering with the adequate initial strength and improved cellular affinity using combination of in situ synthesis and freeze-drying technique. Chemical component was investigated using X rays diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). Structure and morphology of the composites were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Porosity was tested by liquid substitution method. The mechanical properties of the composites were also measured. The simulated body fluid (SBF) and the cell culture experiments were conducted to assess biological properties of the composites. Results show that the composites with a pore size of 100~250μm have a porosity of 75%~90%and the maximum compressive strength of 5.7 MPa. The compressive strength of the composite is greatly improved in comparison with that of HA/CS matrix (4.6 MPa). In the SBF tests, a layer of randomly oriented apatite crystals form on the scaffold surface after sample immersion in SBF. The cell culture experiments show that the osteoblast cells are attached and proliferated on the surface of the composite, which suggests good bioactivity and cellular compatibility of the composite material. It is concluded that the composites have a promising prospect as bone tissue engineering materials.

scholarly journals Chitosan and Its Potential Use as a Scaffold for Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rodríguez-Vázquez ◽  
Brenda Vega-Ruiz ◽  
Rodrigo Ramos-Zúñiga ◽  
Daniel Alexander Saldaña-Koppel ◽  
Luis Fernando Quiñones-Olvera
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Functional Biomaterials ◽  
Potential Use

Tissue engineering is an important therapeutic strategy to be used in regenerative medicine in the present and in the future. Functional biomaterials research is focused on the development and improvement of scaffolding, which can be used to repair or regenerate an organ or tissue. Scaffolds are one of the crucial factors for tissue engineering. Scaffolds consisting of natural polymers have recently been developed more quickly and have gained more popularity. These include chitosan, a copolymer derived from the alkaline deacetylation of chitin. Expectations for use of these scaffolds are increasing as the knowledge regarding their chemical and biological properties expands, and new biomedical applications are investigated. Due to their different biological properties such as being biocompatible, biodegradable, and bioactive, they have given the pattern for use in tissue engineering for repair and/or regeneration of different tissues including skin, bone, cartilage, nerves, liver, and muscle. In this review, we focus on the intrinsic properties offered by chitosan and its use in tissue engineering, considering it as a promising alternative for regenerative medicine as a bioactive polymer.

Starch-Based Microparticles as a Novel Strategy for Tissue Engineering Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 907-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela A. Silva ◽  
Olga P. Coutinho ◽  
Paul Ducheyne ◽  
I.M. Shapiro ◽  
Rui L. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Defect Site ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
Hybrid Construct ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Biological Performance

Current tissue engineering strategies involve the use of scaffold materials with properties specific for the target tissue. When the tissue being treated is bone, properties such as bone bonding behaviour and excellent biological performance are very desirable. Many strategies involve the creation in vitro of a suitable hybrid construct (i.e., comprising a scaffold material and cells). These scaffolds are then inserted into the defect site, thus achieving faster integration and hence, repair. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of starch-based microparticles for bone tissue engineering. This study describes the properties of two types of starch-based microparticles: their bioactivity in vitro (when processed with Bioactive Glass 45S5), the good biological performance and also the ability to be used as controlled release vehicles of bioactive molecules, such as steroids and growth factors.

PLGA+HA/βTCP scaffold incorporating simvastatin: a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Beatriz Sordi ◽  
Ariadne Cristiane Cabral da Cruz ◽  
Águedo Aragones ◽  
Mabel Mariela Rodríguez Cordeiro ◽  
Ricardo de Souza Magini
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Porosity Analysis ◽  
Biphasic Ceramic

The aim of this study was to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate degradation and biocompatibility of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) + hydroxyapatite / β-tricalcium phosphate (PLGA+HA/βTCP) scaffolds incorporating simvastatin (SIM) to verify if this biomaterial might be promising for bone tissue engineering. Samples were obtained by the solvent evaporation technique. Biphasic ceramic particles (70% HA, 30% βTCP) were added to PLGA in a ratio of 1:1. Samples with SIM received 1% (m:m) of this medication. Scaffolds were synthesized in a cylindric-shape and sterilized by ethylene oxide. For degradation analysis, samples were immersed in PBS at 37 °C under constant stirring for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Non-degraded samples were taken as reference. Mass variation, scanning electron microscopy, porosity analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry were performed to evaluate physico-chemical properties. Wettability and cytotoxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility. Microscopic images revealed the presence of macro, meso, and micropores in the polymer structure with HA/βTCP particles homogeneously dispersed. Chemical and thermal analyses presented very similar results for both PLGA+HA/βTCP and PLGA+HA/βTCP+SIM. The incorporation of simvastatin improved the hydrophilicity of scaffolds. Additionally, PLGA+HA/βTCP and PLGA+HA/βTCP+SIM scaffolds were biocompatible for osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. In summary, PLGA+HA/βTCP scaffolds incorporating simvastatin presented adequate structural, chemical, thermal, and biological properties for bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Polymeric Biomaterials for the Treatment of Cardiac Post-Infarction Injuries

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Sonia Trombino ◽  
Federica Curcio ◽  
Roberta Cassano ◽  
Manuela Curcio ◽  
Giuseppe Cirillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cardiac Regeneration ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Polymeric Biomaterials

Cardiac regeneration aims to reconstruct the heart contractile mass, preventing the organ from a progressive functional deterioration, by delivering pro-regenerative cells, drugs, or growth factors to the site of injury. In recent years, scientific research focused the attention on tissue engineering for the regeneration of cardiac infarct tissue, and biomaterials able to anatomically and physiologically adapt to the heart muscle have been proposed as valuable tools for this purpose, providing the cells with the stimuli necessary to initiate a complete regenerative process. An ideal biomaterial for cardiac tissue regeneration should have a positive influence on the biomechanical, biochemical, and biological properties of tissues and cells; perfectly reflect the morphology and functionality of the native myocardium; and be mechanically stable, with a suitable thickness. Among others, engineered hydrogels, three-dimensional polymeric systems made from synthetic and natural biomaterials, have attracted much interest for cardiac post-infarction therapy. In addition, biocompatible nanosystems, and polymeric nanoparticles in particular, have been explored in preclinical studies as drug delivery and tissue engineering platforms for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review focused on the most employed natural and synthetic biomaterials in cardiac regeneration, paying particular attention to the contribution of Italian research groups in this field, the fabrication techniques, and the current status of the clinical trials.

scholarly journals Histological, Biomechanical, and Biological Properties of Genipin-Crosslinked Decellularized Peripheral Nerves

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Óscar Darío García-García ◽  
Marwa El Soury ◽  
David González-Quevedo ◽  
David Sánchez-Porras ◽  
Jesús Chato-Astrain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Histological Pattern ◽  
The Impact

Acellular nerve allografts (ANGs) represent a promising alternative in nerve repair. Our aim is to improve the structural and biomechanical properties of biocompatible Sondell (SD) and Roosens (RS) based ANGs using genipin (GP) as a crosslinker agent ex vivo. The impact of two concentrations of GP (0.10% and 0.25%) on Wistar rat sciatic nerve-derived ANGs was assessed at the histological, biomechanical, and biocompatibility levels. Histology confirmed the differences between SD and RS procedures, but not remarkable changes were induced by GP, which helped to preserve the nerve histological pattern. Tensile test revealed that GP enhanced the biomechanical properties of SD and RS ANGs, being the crosslinked RS ANGs more comparable to the native nerves used as control. The evaluation of the ANGs biocompatibility conducted with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured within the ANGs confirmed a high degree of biocompatibility in all ANGs, especially in RS and RS-GP 0.10% ANGs. Finally, this study demonstrates that the use of GP could be an efficient alternative to improve the biomechanical properties of ANGs with a slight impact on the biocompatibility and histological pattern. For these reasons, we hypothesize that our novel crosslinked ANGs could be a suitable alternative for future in vivo preclinical studies.

scholarly journals Bioactive potential of natural biomaterials: identification, retention and assessment of biological properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran Joyce ◽  
Georgina Targa Fabra ◽  
Yagmur Bozkurt ◽  
Abhay Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Drug Delivery Device ◽  
Biomedical Device ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioactive Potential

AbstractBiomaterials have had an increasingly important role in recent decades, in biomedical device design and the development of tissue engineering solutions for cell delivery, drug delivery, device integration, tissue replacement, and more. There is an increasing trend in tissue engineering to use natural substrates, such as macromolecules native to plants and animals to improve the biocompatibility and biodegradability of delivered materials. At the same time, these materials have favourable mechanical properties and often considered to be biologically inert. More importantly, these macromolecules possess innate functions and properties due to their unique chemical composition and structure, which increase their bioactivity and therapeutic potential in a wide range of applications. While much focus has been on integrating these materials into these devices via a spectrum of cross-linking mechanisms, little attention is drawn to residual bioactivity that is often hampered during isolation, purification, and production processes. Herein, we discuss methods of initial material characterisation to determine innate bioactivity, means of material processing including cross-linking, decellularisation, and purification techniques and finally, a biological assessment of retained bioactivity of a final product. This review aims to address considerations for biomaterials design from natural polymers, through the optimisation and preservation of bioactive components that maximise the inherent bioactive potency of the substrate to promote tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Tissue Engineering and Cell Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6929
Author(s):  
Ewin Tanzli ◽  
Andrea Ehrmann
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Electrospun Nanofiber ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Nanofiber Mats ◽  
Surface Morphologies

In biotechnology, the field of cell cultivation is highly relevant. Cultivated cells can be used, for example, for the development of biopharmaceuticals and in tissue engineering. Commonly, mammalian cells are grown in bioreactors, T-flasks, well plates, etc., without a specific substrate. Nanofibrous mats, however, have been reported to promote cell growth, adhesion, and proliferation. Here, we give an overview of the different attempts at cultivating mammalian cells on electrospun nanofiber mats for biotechnological and biomedical purposes. Starting with a brief overview of the different electrospinning methods, resulting in random or defined fiber orientations in the nanofiber mats, we describe the typical materials used in cell growth applications in biotechnology and tissue engineering. The influence of using different surface morphologies and polymers or polymer blends on the possible application of such nanofiber mats for tissue engineering and other biotechnological applications is discussed. Polymer blends, in particular, can often be used to reach the required combination of mechanical and biological properties, making such nanofiber mats highly suitable for tissue engineering and other biotechnological or biomedical cell growth applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document