scholarly journals Research Advances of Beneficial Microbiota Associated with Crop Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Tian ◽  
Xiaolong Lin ◽  
Jun Tian ◽  
Li Ji ◽  
Yalin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Crop Plant ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Plants are associated with hundreds of thousands of microbes that are present outside on the surfaces or colonizing inside plant organs, such as leaves and roots. Plant-associated microbiota plays a vital role in regulating various biological processes and affects a wide range of traits involved in plant growth and development, as well as plant responses to adverse environmental conditions. An increasing number of studies have illustrated the important role of microbiota in crop plant growth and environmental stress resistance, which overall assists agricultural sustainability. Beneficial bacteria and fungi have been isolated and applied, which show potential applications in the improvement of agricultural technologies, as well as plant growth promotion and stress resistance, which all lead to enhanced crop yields. The symbioses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobia and Frankia species with their host plants have been intensively studied to provide mechanistic insights into the mutual beneficial relationship of plant–microbe interactions. With the advances in second generation sequencing and omic technologies, a number of important mechanisms underlying plant–microbe interactions have been unraveled. However, the associations of microbes with their host plants are more complicated than expected, and many questions remain without proper answers. These include the influence of microbiota on the allelochemical effect caused by one plant upon another via the production of chemical compounds, or how the monoculture of crops influences their rhizosphere microbial community and diversity, which in turn affects the crop growth and responses to environmental stresses. In this review, first, we systematically illustrate the impacts of beneficial microbiota, particularly beneficial bacteria and fungi on crop plant growth and development and, then, discuss the correlations between the beneficial microbiota and their host plants. Finally, we provide some perspectives for future studies on plant–microbe interactions.

Brassinosteroids roles and applications: an up-date

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamilet Coll ◽  
Francisco Coll ◽  
Asunción Amorós ◽  
Merardo Pujol
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractBrassinosteroids are plant steroidal compounds involved in many functions related with plant development, metabolism, signalling and defense against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant architecture, which has a major effect on crop yield, is strongly influenced by brassinosteroids action. Brassinosteroids are recognized as key regulators of plant growth and development involved in a broad spectrum of processes at the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. These roles suggest that many of the constraints of present agricultural production might be alleviated by manipulation of genetic determinants dealing with brassinosteroids, as well as by its exogenous application. Brassinosteroids are natural, nontoxic, non-genotoxic, biosafe, and eco-friendly, and can therefore be used in agriculture and horticulture to improve the growth, yields, quality, and tolerance of various plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. The present paper comprehensively reviews the latest results in the field of brassinosteroids and envisages future impacts in agriculture.

scholarly journals Identification and analysis of Chrysanthemum nankingense NAC transcription factors and an expression analysis of OsNAC7 subfamily members

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11505
Author(s):  
Hai Wang ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Wang Wang ◽  
Huien Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Nac Transcription Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
New Ideas

NAC (NAM, ATAF1-2, and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) play a vital role in plant growth and development, as well as in plant response to biotic and abiotic stressors (Duan et al., 2019; Guerin et al., 2019). Chrysanthemum is a plant with strong stress resistance and adaptability; therefore, a systematic study of NAC TFs in chrysanthemum is of great significance for plant breeding. In this study, 153 putative NAC TFs were identified based on the Chrysanthemum nankingense genome. According to the NAC family in Arabidopsis and rice, a rootless phylogenetic tree was constructed, in which the 153 CnNAC TFs were divided into two groups and 19 subfamilies. Moreover, the expression levels of 12 CnNAC TFs belonging to the OsNAC7 subfamily were analyzed in C. nankingense under osmotic and salt stresses, and different tissues were tested during different growth periods. The results showed that these 12 OsNAC7 subfamily members were involved in the regulation of root and stem growth, as well as in the regulation of drought and salt stresses. Finally, we investigated the function of the CHR00069684 gene, and the results showed that CHR00069684 could confer improved salt and low temperature resistance, enhance ABA sensitivity, and lead to early flowering in tobacco. It was proved that members of the OsNAC7 subfamily have dual functions including the regulation of resistance and the mediation of plant growth and development. This study provides comprehensive information on analyzing the function of CnNAC TFs, and also reveals the important role of OsNAC7 subfamily genes in response to abiotic stress and the regulation of plant growth. These results provide new ideas for plant breeding to control stress resistance and growth simultaneously.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of metallothionein gene family in maize to reveal its role in development and stress resistance to heavy metal

2022 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Canhong Gao ◽  
Kun Gao ◽  
Huixian Yang ◽  
Tangdan Ju ◽  
Jingyi Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Specific Expression

Abstract Background Maize (Zea mays L.) is a widely cultivated cereal and has been used as an optimum heavy metal phytoremediation crop. Metallothionein (MT) proteins are small, cysteine-rich, proteins that play important roles in plant growth and development, and the regulation of stress response to heavy metals. However, the MT genes for maize have not been fully analyzed so far. Methods The putative ZmMT genes were identified by HMMER.The heat map of ZmMT genes spatial expression analysis was generated by using R with the log2 (FPKM + 1).The expression profiles of ZmMT genes under three kinds of heavy metal stresses were quantified by using qRT-PCR. The metallothionein proteins was aligned using MAFFT and phylogenetic analysis were constructed by ClustalX 2.1. The protein theoretical molecular weight and pI, subcellular localization, TFs binding sites, were predicted using ProtParam, PSORT, PlantTFDB, respectively. Results A total of 9 ZmMT genes were identified in the whole genome of maize. The results showed that eight of the nine ZmMT proteins contained one highly conserved metallothio_2 domain, while ZmMT4 contained a Metallothio_PEC domain. All the ZmMT proteins could be classified into three major groups and located on five chromosomes. The ZmMT promoters contain a large number of hormone regulatory elements and hormone-related transcription factor binding sites. The ZmMT genes exhibited spatiotemporal specific expression patterns in 23 tissues of maize development stages and showed the different expression patterns in response to Cu, Cd, and Pb heavy metal stresses. Conclusions We identified the 9 ZmMT genes, and explored their conserved motif, tissue expression patterns, evolutionary relationship. The expression profiles of ZmMT genes under three kinds of heavy metal stresses (Cu, Cd, Pb) were analyzed. In summary, the expression of ZmMTs have poteintial to be regulated by hormones. The specific expression of ZmMTs in different tissues of maize and the response to different heavy metal stresses are revealed that the role of MT in plant growth and development, and stress resistance to heavy metals.

scholarly journals Phospho-Mutant Activity Assays Provide Evidence for the Negative Regulation of Transcriptional Regulator PRE1 by Phosphorylation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9183
Author(s):  
Minmin Wang ◽  
Yanchen Tian ◽  
Chao Han ◽  
Chuanen Zhou ◽  
Ming-Yi Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Negative Regulation ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Wide Range

The PACLOBUTRAZOL-RESISTANCE (PRE) gene family encodes a group of atypical helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins that act as the major hub integrating a wide range of environmental and hormonal signals to regulate plant growth and development. PRE1, as a positive regulator of cell elongation, activates HBI1 DNA binding by sequestering its inhibitor IBH1. Furthermore, PRE1 can be phosphorylated at Ser-46 and Ser-67, but how this phosphorylation regulates the functions of PRE1 remains unclear. Here, we used a phospho-mutant activity assay to reveal that the phosphorylation at Ser-67 negatively regulates the functions of PRE1 on cell elongation. Both of mutations of serine 46, either to phospho-dead alanine or phospho-mimicking glutamic acid, had no significant effects on the functions of PRE1. However, the mutation of serine 67 to glutamic acid (PRE1S67E-Ox), but not alanine (PRE1S67A-Ox), significantly reduced the promoting effects of PRE1 on cell elongation. The mutation of Ser-67 to Glu-67 impaired the interaction of PRE1 with IBH1 and resulted in PRE1 failing to inhibit the interaction between IBH1 and HBI1, losing the ability to induce the expression of the subsequent cell elongation-related genes. Furthermore, we showed that PRE1-Ox and PRE1S67A-Ox both suppressed but PRE1S67E-Ox had no strong effects on the dwarf phenotypes of IBH1-Ox. Our study demonstrated that the PRE1 activity is negatively regulated by the phosphorylation at Ser-67.

scholarly journals Effects of AtSPS on the Growth and Development of Arabidopsis thaliana under Abiotic Stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Bao-Zhen Zhao ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Zhi Yang ◽  
Qi Ding ◽  
Na Cui
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Dna Insertion

Aims: SPS (Sucrose phosphate synthase) participates in plant growth and yield formation, and plays an important role in plant stress resistance. This study used T-DNA insertion mutant of AtSPS in Arabidopsis as test material. The growth indexes and soluble sugar contents of Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress, osmotic stress and low temperature stress were determined, which laid the foundation for further understanding the mechanism of SPS in plant growth and development and abiotic stress resistance. Study Design: In order to analyze the mechanism of SPS in plant growth and development and abiotic stress resistance, this study used T-DNA insertion mutant of AtSPS in Arabidopsis as test material. The growth indexes and soluble sugar contents of Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress, osmotic stress and low temperature stress were determined. Place and Duration of Study: College of Biological Science and Technology, between December 2020 and May 2021. Methodology: The contents of soluble sugar in tomato fruits were measured with HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography). The growth indexes were determined. Results: The results showed that AtSPS played positive regulation roles in seed germination and seedling growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. However, under abiotic stress conditions, AtSPS mutant increased the contents of soluble sugar, suggesting that Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings might improve resistance through osmotic regulating substances. Conclusion: AtSPS played positive regulation roles in seed germination and seedling growth of Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, AtSPS mutant increased the contents of soluble sugar to increase resistance of Arabidopsis under abiotic stresses, and the growth and development were blocked, suggesting that SPS was negative regulatory element to resist abiotic stress.

scholarly journals Genome-wide investigation of Hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: Shikimate Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase (HCT) gene family in Carthamus tinctorius L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 12489
Author(s):  
Sun FAN ◽  
Naveed AHMAD ◽  
Jin LIBO ◽  
Zhang XINYUE ◽  
Ma XINTONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Monolignol Biosynthesis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Wide Range

Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) is mainly associated with monolignol biosynthesis, a central precursor to producing guaiacyl and syringyl lignins in plants. However, the explicit regulatory mechanism of HCT-mediated monolignol biosynthesis in plants still remained unclear. Here, the genome-wide analysis of the HCT gene family in Carthamus tinctorius as a target for understanding growth, development, and stress-responsive mechanisms was investigated. A total of 82 CtHCT genes were identified and characterized. Most of the CtHCTs proteins demonstrated the presence of two common conserved domains, including HXXXD and DFGWG. In addition, the conserved structure of protein motifs, PPI network, cis-regulatory units, and gene structure analysis demonstrated several genetic determinants reflecting the wide range of functional diversity of CtHCT-encoding genes. The observed expression analysis of CtHCT genes in different flowering stages under normal conditions partially highlighted their putative roles in plant growth and development pathways. Moreover, CtHCT genes appeared to be associated with abiotic stress responses as validated by the expression profiling in various flowering phases under light irradiation and MeJA treatment. Altogether, these findings provide new insights into identifying crucial molecular targets associated with plant growth and development and present practical information for understanding abiotic stress-responsive mechanisms in plants.

scholarly journals GH3 Auxin-Amido Synthetases Alter the Ratio of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Phenylacetic Acid in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Aoi ◽  
Keita Tanaka ◽  
Sam David Cook ◽  
Ken-Ichiro Hayashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Kasahara
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Polar Movement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metabolite Quantification ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract Auxin is the first discovered plant hormone and is essential for many aspects of plant growth and development. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the main auxin and plays pivotal roles in intercellular communication through polar auxin transport. Phenylacetic acid (PAA) is another natural auxin that does not show polar movement. Although a wide range of species have been shown to produce PAA, its biosynthesis, inactivation and physiological significance in plants are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of the CYP79A2 gene, which is involved in benzylglucosinolate synthesis, remarkably increased the levels of PAA and enhanced lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. This coincided with a significant reduction in the levels of IAA. The results from auxin metabolite quantification suggest that the PAA-dependent induction of GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) genes, which encode auxin-amido synthetases, promote the inactivation of IAA. Similarly, an increase in IAA synthesis, via the indole-3-acetaldoxime pathway, significantly reduced the levels of PAA. The same adjustment of IAA and PAA levels was also observed by applying each auxin to wild-type plants. These results show that GH3 auxin-amido synthetases can alter the ratio of IAA and PAA in plant growth and development.

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