Association of Maternal Microbiota and Diet in Cord Blood Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Profiles

Mothers confer natural passive immunization to their infants through the transplacental pathway during the gestation period. The objective of the present study was to establish at birth the maternal and cord plasma concentration and relationship of immunoglobulins (Igs), cytokines (CKs), and adipokines. In addition, the impact of the maternal microbiota and diet was explored. The plasma profile of these components was different between mothers and babies, with the levels of many CKs, IgM, IgG2a, IgE, IgA, and leptin significantly higher in mothers than in the cord sample. Moreover, the total Igs, all IgG subtypes, IgE, and the Th1/Th2 ratio positively correlated in the mother–infant pair. Maternal dietary components such as monounsaturated fatty acids-polyunsaturated fatty acids and fiber were positively associated with some immune factors such as IgA in cord samples. The microbiota composition clustering also influenced the plasma profile of some factors (i.e., many CKs, some Ig, and adiponectin). In conclusion, we have established the concentration of these immunomodulatory factors in the maternal–neonatal pair at birth, some positive associations, and the influence of maternal diet and the microbiota composition, suggesting that the immune status during pregnancy, in terms of CKs and Igs levels, can influence the immune status of the infant at birth.

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Differential Deleterious Impact of Highly Saturated Versus Monounsaturated Fat Intake on Vascular Function, Structure, and Mechanics in Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13031003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1003

Author(s):

Elena Vega-Martín ◽

Marta Gil-Ortega ◽

Raquel González-Blázquez ◽

Sara Benedito ◽

Jesús Fernández-Felipe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Thoracic Aorta ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Vascular Wall ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Mesenteric Arteries ◽

Monounsaturated Fat ◽

The Impact

Vegetable oils such as palm oil (enriched in saturated fatty acids, SFA) and high-oleic-acid sunflower oil (HOSO, containing mainly monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA) have emerged as the most common replacements for trans-fats in the food industry. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of SFA and MUFA-enriched high-fat (HF) diets on endothelial function, vascular remodeling, and arterial stiffness compared to commercial HF diets. Five-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed a standard (SD), a HF diet enriched with SFA (saturated oil-enriched Food, SOLF), a HF diet enriched with MUFA (unsaturated oil-enriched Food, UOLF), or a commercial HF diet for 8 weeks. Vascular function was analyzed in the thoracic aorta. Structural and mechanical parameters were assessed in mesenteric arteries by pressure myography. SOLF, UOLF, and HF diet reduced contractile responses to phenylephrine and induced endothelial dysfunction in the thoracic aorta. A significant increase in the β-index, and thus in arterial stiffness, was also detected in mesenteric arteries from the three HF groups, due to enhanced deposition of collagen in the vascular wall. SOLF also induced hypotrophic inward remodeling. In conclusion, these data demonstrate a deleterious effect of HF feeding on obesity-related vascular alterations that is exacerbated by SFA.

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PSXV-2 The relationship of quantitative and qualitative indicators of meat productivity in Kazakh white-headed bulls

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 260-261

Author(s):

Alexandra Lapshina ◽

Shakur Makaev ◽

Svyatoslav Lebedev ◽

Kinispay Dzhulamanov ◽

Nikolay Gerasimov

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

The Body ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Meat Productivity ◽

Relationship Of

Abstract Lifetime assessment and selection of animals based on meat quality indicators is difficult. For this purpose, the analysis of the correlation between the main features of the breeding value of Kazakh white-headed bulls and quantitative and qualitative indicators of meat productivity was carried out. Bulls (n = 12) was slaughtered at the age of 15 months. The results show that the live weight with an average strength correlates with carcass weight (r=0.61; P < 0.05), with rib eye area (r=0.46), and the weight of visceralfat (r=0.51). It should also be noted the positive relationship of weight growth with the dry matter content in minced meat (r=0.46), which is realized due to fat deposition in the carcass (r=0.52). The lifetime assessment of the body conformation score is on average positively correlated with the content of dry matter (r=0.54) and protein (r=0.55) in m. longissimus dorsi. There is a positive correlation of the height in the sacrum with carcass weight (r=0.44), with the content of dry matter and protein in m. longissimus dorsi (r=0.46), with the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in meat (r=0.43), as well as a negative relationship (r=-0.43) of the height in the sacrum with the content of non-essential amino acids in meat. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids is significantly (P < 0.05) determined by the growth weight (r=0.67) and carcass weight (r=0.67). A strong negative relationship (r=-0.61...-0.71) was found between the slaughter indicators and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, the high growth rate negatively affects the quality of beef lipids. There is an inversely proportional relationship between the weight of visceral fat and intramuscular fat (r=-0.79; P < 0.01), which indicates a divergent lipogenesis in the body. The rib eye area weakly correlates with the biological value of beef. This research was performed with financial support from the project of RAS 0526-2021-0001.

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Chemical Composition of Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis Bracts Cultivated in Central Greece: The Impact of Harvesting Time

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10121976 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1976

Author(s):

Filipa Mandim ◽

Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽

Kyriakos D. Giannoulis ◽

Celestino Santos-Buelga ◽

Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Harvesting Time ◽

Late Maturity ◽

The Impact

The present study evaluated the effect of maturity stage on the chemical composition of cardoon bracts. Plant material was collected in Greece at eight different maturation stages (C1–C8) and the chemical composition was analyzed in regard to lipidic fraction and the content in fatty acids, tocopherols, organic acids, and free sugars. Samples of late maturity (C6–C8) revealed the lowest lipidic content, while a total of 29 fatty acids was identified in all the samples, with palmitic, stearic, oleic, and eicosatrienoic acids present in the highest levels depending on harvesting time. Immature (C1) and mature (C8) bracts were more abundant in saturated fatty acids (SFA) than bracts of medium-to-late maturity (C5, C6), where the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the prevalent class. The α- and γ-tocopherols were the only identified isoforms of vitamin E, while the highest content was observed in sample C8 (199 µg/100 g dry weight (dw). The detected organic acids were oxalic, quinic, malic, citric, and fumaric acids, while fructose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose, and raffinose were the main detected sugars. The results of the present study allowed us to reveal the effect of maturity stage on cardoon bracts chemical composition and further valorize this byproduct by improving its bioactive compounds content.

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Fatty Acid Diets: Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Dysbiosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21114093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 4093 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David Johane Machate ◽

Priscila Silva Figueiredo ◽

Gabriela Marcelino ◽

Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães ◽

Priscila Aiko Hiane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Health Promotion ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

High Fat ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Long-term high-fat dietary intake plays a crucial role in the composition of gut microbiota in animal models and human subjects, which affect directly short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and host health. This review aims to highlight the interplay of fatty acid (FA) intake and gut microbiota composition and its interaction with hosts in health promotion and obesity prevention and its related metabolic dysbiosis. The abundance of the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria species are associated with increased SCFA production, reported high-fat diet rich in medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as well as low-fat diets rich in long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). SCFAs play a key role in health promotion and prevention and, reduction and reversion of metabolic syndromes in the host. Furthermore, in this review, we discussed the type of fatty acids and their amount, including the administration time and their interplay with gut microbiota and its results about health or several metabolic dysbioses undergone by hosts.

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Impact of Concentrate Level and Stage of Lactation on Fatty Acid Composition in Goat Milk

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica ◽

10.2478/sab-2019-0023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 171-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Novotná ◽

M. Ptáček ◽

M. Fantová ◽

L. Nohejlová ◽

L. Stádník ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Grazed Pasture ◽

Group A ◽

The Impact

Abstract The impact of different amounts of concentrate and stage of lactation on fatty acid profile in milk fat was measured in 30 lactating Nubian goats. The ration included medium-quality hay, grazed pasture and concentrate feed (mashed barley, oats and beet pulp at 1:1:1 wet weight ratios). Half of the goats (group A) received 1.2 kg whereas group B received 1.0 kg of concentrate daily. Milk samples were taken 3 times during lactation. The total amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA) increased gradually during lactation while polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decreased. Group A had lower SFA but higher concentrations of MUFAs and PUFAs at all 3 samplings. Nubian goats fed more concentrate had FA ratios presumably more suitable for consumers of milk and milk products.

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Fatty Acids and Free Amino Acids Changes during Processing of a Mediterranean Native Pig Breed Dry-Cured Ham

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9091170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1170

Author(s):

Eva Salazar ◽

José Mª Cayuela ◽

Adela Abellán ◽

Estefanía Bueno-Gavilá ◽

Luis Tejada

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Free Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino ◽

Neutral Lipids ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Dry Cured Ham ◽

The Impact

The aim of this work is to analyse the intramuscular fatty acids and the free amino (FAA) acids in Chato murciano dry-cured ham. There are several Mediterranean native pig breeds whose characteristics of derived products have been described, but the impact of lipolysis and proteolysis on Chato murciano dry-cured ham has not yet been studied. Fatty acids and free amino acids were determined in the fresh piece and at 14, 18, 22 and 24 months of manufacturing. Monounsaturated fatty acids are the majority in the neutral lipids and free fatty acid fractions. Lipolysis took place mainly until the 18th month, resulting in a decrease in the levels of fatty acids of neutral lipids (from 95.43% to 83.38%) and polar lipids (from 2.57% to 0.41%), accompanied by a corresponding increase in free fatty acids (from 2% to 16.21%). Neutral lipids hydrolysis provides the main free fatty acids as in other native breeds. Results for FAA showed an increase in concentration during the time preceding the 14th month. From this point onwards, until month 18, total FAA concentration remained stable, and the content decreased at the end of the processing (between months 22 and 24).

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Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Related Inflammation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22010330 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 330

Author(s):

Gaetan Ravaut ◽

Alexandre Légiot ◽

Karl-F. Bergeron ◽

Catherine Mounier

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Stearoyl Coa Desaturase ◽

The Impact

Obesity is an important aspect of the metabolic syndrome and is often associated with chronic inflammation. In this context, inflammation of organs participating in energy homeostasis (such as liver, adipose tissue, muscle and pancreas) leads to the recruitment and activation of macrophages, which secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-1β secretion, sustained C-reactive protein plasma levels and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome characterize this inflammation. The Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) enzyme is a central regulator of lipid metabolism and fat storage. This enzyme catalyzes the generation of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)—major components of triglycerides stored in lipid droplets—from saturated fatty acid (SFA) substrates. In this review, we describe the molecular effects of specific classes of fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) to better understand the impact of different diets (Western versus Mediterranean) on inflammation in a metabolic context. Given the beneficial effects of a MUFA-rich Mediterranean diet, we also present the most recent data on the role of SCD1 activity in the modulation of SFA-induced chronic inflammation.

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Fetal and neonatal exposure to trans-fatty acids impacts on susceptibility to atherosclerosis in apo E*3 Leiden mice

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517000137 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 117 (3) ◽

pp. 377-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Louise Gates ◽

Simon C. Langley-Evans ◽

Jana Kraft ◽

Adam L. Lock ◽

Andrew M. Salter

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Atherogenic Diet ◽

Apo E ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil ◽

Fat Diets ◽

The Impact

AbstractNutrition during pregnancy can impact on the susceptibility of the offspring to CVD. Postnatal consumption of trans-fatty acids (TFA), associated with partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO), increases the risk of atherosclerosis, whereas evidence for those TFA associated with ruminant-derived dairy products and meat remain equivocal. In this study, we investigate the impact of maternal consumption of dietary PHVO (P) and ruminant milk fat (R) on the development of atherosclerosis in their offspring, using the transgenic apoE*3 Leiden mouse. Dams were fed either chow (C) or one of three high-fat diets: a diet reflecting the SFA content of a ‘Western’ diet (W) or one enriched with either P or R. Diets were fed during either pregnancy alone or pregnancy and lactation. Weaned offspring were then transferred to an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. Atherosclerosis was assessed as lipid staining in cross-sections of the aorta. There was a significant effect of maternal diet during pregnancy on development of atherosclerosis (P=0·013) in the offspring with those born of mothers fed R or P during pregnancy displaying smaller lesions that those fed C or W. This was not associated with changes in total or lipoprotein cholesterol. Continuing to feed P during lactation increased atherosclerosis compared with that seen in offspring of dams fed P only during pregnancy (P<0·001). No such effect was seen in those from mothers fed R (P=0·596) or W (P=901). We conclude that dietary TFA have differing effects on cardiovascular risk at different stages of the lifecycle.

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