scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Tamarind Trypsin Inhibitor in Chitosan–Whey Protein Nanoparticles on Hepatic Injury Induced High Glycemic Index Diet: A Preclinical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9968
Author(s):  
Ana J. F. C. Aguiar ◽  
Jaluza L. C. de Queiroz ◽  
Pedro P. A. Santos ◽  
Christina S. Camillo ◽  
Alexandre C. Serquiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Glycemic Index

Several studies have sought new therapies for obesity and liver diseases. This study investigated the effect of the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds (TTI), nanoencapsulated in chitosan and whey protein isolate (ECW), on the liver health status of the Wistar rats fed with a high glycemic index (HGLI) diet. The nanoformulations without TTI (CW) and ECW were obtained by nanoprecipitation technique, physically and chemically characterized, and then administered to the animals. The adult male Wistar rats (n = 20) were allocated to four groups: HGLI diet + water; standard diet + water; HGLI diet + ECW (12.5 mg/kg); and HGLI diet + CW (10.0 mg/kg), 1 mL per gagave, for ten days. They were evaluated using biochemical and hematological parameters, Fibrosis-4 Index for Liver Fibrosis (FIB-4), AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) scores, and liver morphology. Both nanoparticles presented spherical shape, smooth surface, and nanometric size [120.7 nm (ECW) and 136.4 nm (CW)]. In animals, ECW reduced (p < 0.05) blood glucose (17%), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (39%), and alkaline phosphatase (24%). Besides, ECW reduced (p < 0.05) APRI and FIB-4 scores and presented a better aspect of hepatic morphology. ECW promoted benefits over a liver injury caused by the HGLI diet.

scholarly journals Anti-TNF-α Agent Tamarind Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor Improves Lipid Profile of Wistar Rats Presenting Dyslipidemia and Diet-induced Obesity Regardless of PPAR-γ Induction

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana M. C. Carvalho ◽  
Vanessa C. O. Lima ◽  
Izael S. Costa ◽  
Anna B. S. Luz ◽  
Fernando V. L. Ladd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
High Glycemic Index ◽  
Visceral Adipose

: The increasing prevalence of obesity and, consequently, chronic inflammation and its complications has increased the search for new treatment methods. The effect of the purified tamarind seed trypsin inhibitor (TTIp) on metabolic alterations in Wistar rats with obesity and dyslipidemia was evaluated. Three groups of animals with obesity and dyslipidemia were formed, consuming a high glycemic index and glycemic load (HGLI) diet, for 10 days: Obese/HGLI diet; Obese/standard diet; Obese/HGLI diet + TTIp (730 μg/kg); and one eutrophic group of animals was fed a standard diet. Rats were evaluated daily for food intake and weight gain. On the 11th day, animals were anesthetized and sacrificed for blood and visceral adipose tissue collection. TTIp treated animals presented significantly lower food intake than the untreated group (p = 0.0065), TG (76.20 ± 18.73 mg/dL) and VLDL-C (15.24 ± 3.75 mg/dL). Plasma concentrations and TNF-α mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue also decreased in obese animals treated with TTIp (p < 0.05 and p = 0.025, respectively) with a negative immunostaining. We conclude that TTIp presented anti-TNF-α activity and an improved lipid profile of Wistar rats with dyslipidemia and obesity induced by a high glycemic index and load diet regardless of PPAR-γ induction.

scholarly journals Adipocytes and intestinal epithelium dysfunctions linking obesity to inflammation induced by high glycemic index pellet-diet in Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Beatriz Santana Luz ◽  
Júlia Braga dos Santos Figueredo ◽  
Bianca Damásio Pereira Dantas Salviano ◽  
Ana Júlia Felipe Camelo Aguiar ◽  
Luiza Gabriella Soares Dantas Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
High Glycemic Index ◽  
Visceral Adipose

We investigated the inflammatory effect of a pellet-diet with high glycemic index and load (HGLI) on the histological organization of adipocytes, intestinal epithelium, and fat in liver and pancreas in adult male Wistar rats. Two groups (n=10) received for 17 weeks: (1) HGLI diet or (2) Standard diet (Labina®). Histological analyses of adipose tissue, jejunum, liver, and pancreas were performed. Stereology analysis, visceral adiposity index, gene expression, and immunohistochemistry of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in visceral adipose tissue and plasma TNF-α were also assessed. The HGLI diet-induced hypertrophy of adipocytes with adipocyte volume density equal to 97.0%, cross-sectional area of adipocytes equivalent to 1387 µm² and a total volume of adipocytes of 6.97 cm³ an elevation of 8%, 25%, and 58%, respectively. Furthermore, the HGLI diet increased liver and pancreatic fat deposition, altered and inflamed the intestinal epithelia, and increased TNF-α gene expression (P=0.014) with a positive immunostaining in visceral adipose tissue and high plasma TNF-α in comparison with standard diet. The results suggest that this diet was able to generate changes commonly caused to solid diets with high fat or fructose-rich beverages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature concerning the properties of low-cost, sucrose-rich pellet-diet presenting high glycemic index and high glycemic load efficient on the development of obesity complications in Wistar rats that were subjected to diet-induced obesity. Therefore, the HGLI pellet-diet may be considered an effective tool to be used by the scientific community in experimental research.

scholarly journals Whey protein isolate and glycomacropeptide decrease weight gain and alter body composition in male Wistar rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Royle ◽  
Graeme H. McIntosh ◽  
Peter M. Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Whey Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Protein Concentrate

The effect of feed protein type on body composition and growth has been examined. Evidence exists that whey protein concentrate is effective at limiting body fat expansion. The presence of caseinomacropeptide, a mixture of glycosylated and non-glycosylated carbohydrate residues, in particular glycomacropeptide (GMP) in whey protein concentrate may be important for this effect. The influence of whey protein isolate (WPI) and GMP on weight gain and body composition was examined by feeding Wistar rats ad libitum for 7 weeks with five semi-purified American Institute of Nutrition-based diets differing in protein type: (1) casein; (2) barbequed beef; (3) control WPI (no GMP); (4) WPI+GMP at 100 g/kg; (5) WPI+GMP at 200 g/kg. Body composition was assessed, and plasma samples were assayed for TAG, insulin and glucose. Body-weight gain was lower ( − 21 %) on the control WPI diet relative to casein, with a non-significant influence associated with GMP inclusion ( − 30 %), the effect being equivalent at both levels of GMP addition. Renal and carcass fat mass were reduced in the highest GMP diet when compared with WPI (P < 0·05). Plasma insulin was lowered by GMP at the highest addition compared with WPI alone ( − 53 %; P < 0·01). Plasma TAG in the WPI+GMP (200 g/kg) group were lower ( − 27 %; P < 0·05) than the casein and beef groups. In conclusion, GMP appears to have a significant additional influence when combined with WPI on fat accumulation. WPI alone appears to have the predominant influence accounting for 70 % of the overall effect on body-weight gain. Mechanisms for this effect have not been identified but food intake was not responsible.

Protective effects of whey protein concentrate admixtured of curcumin on metabolic control, inflammation and oxidative stress in Wistar rats submitted to exhaustive exercise

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Aline Rosignoli da Conceição ◽  
Kelly Aparecida Dias ◽  
Stephanie Michelin Santana Pereira ◽  
Luis Claudio Saraiva ◽  
Lívya Alves Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the effects of whey protein concentrate admixtured of curcumin on metabolic control, inflammation and oxidative stress in Wistar rats submitted to exhaustive exercise. A total of 48 male rats were divided into 6 experimental groups (n = 8): standard diet group (AIN-93M); standard diet submitted to exhaustion test group (AIN-93M ET); whey protein concentrate admixtured of curcumin group (WPC + CCM); WPC + CCM submitted to exhaustion test group (WPC + CCM ET); CCM group, and CCM subjected to exhaustion test group (CCM ET). The swimming exhaustion test was performed after 4 weeks of experiment. The consumption of WPC + CCM as well as isolated CCM did not alter the biometric measurements, the animals’ food consumption and the hepatic and kidney function, as well as the protein balance of the animals (p>0.05), but reduced the glycemia and the gene expression of TNF- α and IL-6, and increased the expression of IL-10 (p<0.05). The animals that were submitted to the exhaustion test (AIN-93M ET) showed higher AST values when compared to the animals that did not perform the exercise (AIN-93 M) (p<0.05). WPC + CCM reduced the concentration of nitric oxide, carbonylated protein and increased the concentration of catalase (p<0.05). Both (WPC + CCM and CCM) were able to increase the concentrations of superoxide dismutase (p<0.05). We concluded that the WPC admixtured of CCM represents a strategy capable of decreasing blood glucose and oxidative and inflammatory damage caused by exhaustive physical exercise in swimming.

scholarly journals Tamarind Trypsin Inhibitor in Chitosan–Whey Protein Nanoparticles Reduces Fasting Blood Glucose Levels without Compromising Insulinemia: A Preclinical Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lídia L. R. Matias ◽  
Rafael O. A. Costa ◽  
Thaís S. Passos ◽  
Jaluza L. C. Queiroz ◽  
Alexandre C. Serquiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antitrypsin Activity ◽  
The Impact

In vivo studies show the benefits of the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind (Tamarindusindica L.) (TTI) seeds in satiety and obesity. In the present study, TTI nanoencapsulation (ECW) was performed to potentialize the effect of TTI and allow a controlled release in the stomach. The impact on glycemia, insulin, and lipid profile was evaluated in Wistar rats overfed with a high glycemic index diet (HGLI). Characterization of the nanoparticles and in vitro stability in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, monitored by antitrypsin activity and HPLC, was performed. ECW and empty nanoparticles (CW) were administered by gavage, using 12.5 and 10.0 mg/kg, respectively. Both nanoformulations presented a spherical shape and smooth surface, with an average diameter of 117.4 nm (24.1) for ECW and 123.9 nm (11.3) for CW. ECW maintained the antitrypsin activity (95.5%) in the gastric phase, while TTI was completely hydrolyzed. In Wistar rats, the nanoformulations significantly reduced glycemia and HOMA IR, and ECW increased HDL-c compared to CW (p < 0.05).Pancreas histopathology of animals treated with ECW suggested an onset of tissue repair. Thenanoencapsulation provided TTI protection, gradual release in the desired condition, and improvement of biochemical parameters related to carbohydrate metabolism disorders,without compromising insulinemia.

Structural and functional renal alterations in five-sixth nephrectomized rats on unrestricted diet

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
I. Stachura ◽  
M. Pardo ◽  
J. Costello ◽  
D.M. Landwehr
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Intake ◽  
Dietary Restrictions ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Unrestricted Diet ◽  
Progressive Renal Insufficiency

Under experimental conditions severe reduction of renal mass results in the hyperfiltration of the remaining nephrons leading to a progressive renal insufficiency. Similar changes are observed in patients with various renal disorders associated with a loss of the functioning nephrons. The progression of renal damage is accelerated by high protein and phosphate intake, and may be modified by the dietary restrictions.We studied 50 five-sixth nephrectarrized male Wistar rats on a standard diet (Rodent Laboratory Chow 5001 Ralston Purina Co., Richmond, Indiana; containing 23.4% protein) over a 20 week period.

Evaluation of the In Vivo Acute Toxicity and In Vitro Hemolytic and Immunomodulatory Activities of the Moringa oleifera Flower Trypsin Inhibitor (MoFTI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leydianne Leite de Siqueira Patriota ◽  
Dayane Kelly Dias do Nascimento Santos ◽  
Bárbara Rafaela da Silva Barros ◽  
Lethícia Maria de Souza Aguiar ◽  
Yasmym Araújo Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Female Mice

Background: Protease inhibitors have been isolated from plants and present several biological activities, including immunomod-ulatory action. Objective: This work aimed to evaluate a Moringa oleifera flower trypsin inhibitor (MoFTI) for acute toxicity in mice, hemolytic activity on mice erythrocytes and immunomodulatory effects on mice splenocytes. Methods: The acute toxicity was evaluated using Swiss female mice that received a single dose of the vehicle control or MoFTI (300 mg/kg, i.p.). Behavioral alterations were observed 15–240 min after administration, and survival, weight gain, and water and food consumption were analyzed daily. Organ weights and hematological parameters were analyzed after 14 days. Hemolytic activity of MoFTI was tested using Swiss female mice erythrocytes. Splenocytes obtained from BALB/c mice were cultured in the absence or presence of MoFTI for the evaluation of cell viability and proliferation. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also determined. Furthermore, the culture supernatants were analyzed for the presence of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). Results: MoFTI did not cause death or any adverse effects on the mice except for abdominal contortions at 15–30 min after administration. MoFTI did not exhibit a significant hemolytic effect. In addition, MoFTI did not induce apoptosis or necrosis in splenocytes and had no effect on cell proliferation. Increases in cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS release, as well as ΔΨm reduction, were observed in MoFTI-treated cells. MoFTI was observed to induce TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and NO release. Conclusion: These results contribute to the ongoing evaluation of the antitumor potential of MoFTI and its effects on other immunological targets.

scholarly journals Advances in Fabricating the Electrospun Biopolymer-Based Biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wilk ◽  
Aleksandra Benko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Green Material ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Fibrous Morphology ◽  
Selection Of

Biopolymers formed into a fibrous morphology through electrospinning are of increasing interest in the field of biomedicine due to their intrinsic biocompatibility and biodegradability and their ability to be biomimetic to various fibrous structures present in animal tissues. However, their mechanical properties are often unsatisfactory and their processing may be troublesome. Thus, extensive research interest is focused on improving these qualities. This review article presents the selection of the recent advances in techniques aimed to improve the electrospinnability of various biopolymers (polysaccharides, polynucleotides, peptides, and phospholipids). The electrospinning of single materials, and the variety of co-polymers, with and without additives, is covered. Additionally, various crosslinking strategies are presented. Examples of cytocompatibility, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties are analyzed. Special attention is given to whey protein isolate as an example of a novel, promising, green material with good potential in the field of biomedicine. This review ends with a brief summary and outlook for the biomedical applicability of electrospinnable biopolymers.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microstructural Characterization of Whey Protein Films Formed with Oxidized Ferulic/Tannic Acids

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1599
Author(s):  
Yaosong Wang ◽  
Youling L. Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Protein Films ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Protein Sulfhydryl ◽  
Reduced Light

Protein-based biodegradable packaging films are of environmental significance. The effect of oxidized ferulic acid (OFA)/tannic acid (OTA) on the crosslinking and film-forming properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) was investigated. Both of the oxidized acids induced protein oxidation and promoted WPI crosslinking through the actions of quinone carbonyl and protein sulfhydryl, and amino groups. OTA enhanced the tensile strength (from 4.5 MPa to max 6.7 MPa) and stiffness (from 215 MPa to max 376 MPa) of the WPI film, whereas OFA significantly increased the elongation at break. The water absorption capability and heat resistance of the films were greatly improved by the addition of OTA. Due to the original color of OTA, the incorporation of OTA significantly reduced light transmittance of the WPI film (λ 200–600 nm) as well as the transparency, whereas no significant changes were induced by the OFA treatment. Higher concentrations of OTA reduced the in vitro digestibility of the WPI film, while the addition of OFA had no significant effect. Overall, these two oxidized polyphenols promoted the crosslinking of WPI and modified the film properties, with OTA showing an overall stronger efficacy than OFA due to more functional groups available.

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