scholarly journals Combinations of Calcitriol with Anticancer Treatments for Breast Cancer: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12741
Author(s):  
Mariana Segovia-Mendoza ◽  
Janice García-Quiroz ◽  
Lorenza Díaz ◽  
Rocío García-Becerra
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies indicate that vitamin D3 (VD) deficiency is a risk factor for the development of breast cancer. Underlying mechanisms include the ability of calcitriol to induce cell differentiation, inhibit oncogenes expression, and modify different signaling pathways involved in the control of cell proliferation. In addition, calcitriol combined with different kinds of antineoplastic drugs has been demonstrated to enhance their beneficial effects in an additive or synergistic fashion. However, a recognized adjuvant regimen based on calcitriol for treating patients with breast cancer has not yet been fully established. Accordingly, in the present work, we review and discuss the preclinical and clinical studies about the combination of calcitriol with different oncological drugs, aiming to emphasize its main therapeutic benefits and opportunities for the treatment of this pathology.

scholarly journals Intranasal insulin rescues repeated anesthesia-induced deficits in synaptic plasticity and memory and prevents apoptosis in neonatal mice via mTORC1

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Soriano Roque ◽  
Mehdi Hooshmandi ◽  
Laura Neagu-Lund ◽  
Shelly Yin ◽  
Noosha Yousefpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Intranasal Insulin ◽  
Translational Repressor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

AbstractLong-lasting cognitive impairment in juveniles undergoing repeated general anesthesia has been observed in numerous preclinical and clinical studies, yet, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown and no preventive treatment is available. We found that daily intranasal insulin administration to juvenile mice for 7 days prior to repeated isoflurane anesthesia rescues deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory and synaptic plasticity in adulthood. Moreover, intranasal insulin prevented anesthesia-induced apoptosis of hippocampal cells, which is thought to underlie cognitive impairment. Inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a major intracellular effector of insulin receptor, blocked the beneficial effects of intranasal insulin on anesthesia-induced apoptosis. Consistent with this finding, mice lacking mTORC1 downstream translational repressor 4E-BP2 showed no induction of repeated anesthesia-induced apoptosis. Our study demonstrates that intranasal insulin prevents general anesthesia-induced apoptosis of hippocampal cells, and deficits in synaptic plasticity and memory, and suggests that the rescue effect is mediated via mTORC1/4E-BP2 signaling.

Birth Weight as a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 18 Epidemiological Studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1169-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Xu ◽  
Amy B. Dailey ◽  
Mary Peoples-Sheps ◽  
Evelyn O. Talbott ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies

Genistein Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Mitochondrial and Nuclear Alterations That Indicate Mechanisms Involved in Apoptosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 850-851
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Gobert ◽  
Ed Curren ◽  
Wade Welshons ◽  
Qing-yuan Sun ◽  
Heide Schatten
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Nuclear Alterations

A highly significant correlation between reduced incidence of breast cancer in Asian countries and consumption of soy suggests that specific components in soy may have anticarcinogen activity. The soy ingredients genistein and daidzein have been found to inhibit induced breast tumors in animal and cell culture models. These isoflavones are known to be both agonists and antagonists of estrogen activity but only genistein is also a potent inhibitor of tyrosine kinases which are the primary intracellular signalling mechanisms associated with the regulation of cell proliferation.Genistein promotes cell proliferation in breast cancer cells at low concentrations in its function as estrogen agonist but inhibits cell proliferation at high concentrations (30 μM). In order to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which high concentration of genistein inhibit cell proliferation we treated MCF-7 cells with increasing concentrations of genistein and analyzed cells by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Brain Function and Neurological Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4052
Author(s):  
Kévin Nay ◽  
William J. Smiles ◽  
Jacqueline Kaiser ◽  
Luke M. McAloon ◽  
Kim Loh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

As life expectancy has increased, particularly in developed countries, due to medical advances and increased prosperity, age-related neurological diseases and mental health disorders have become more prevalent health issues, reducing the well-being and quality of life of sufferers and their families. In recent decades, due to reduced work-related levels of physical activity, and key research insights, prescribing adequate exercise has become an innovative strategy to prevent or delay the onset of these pathologies and has been demonstrated to have therapeutic benefits when used as a sole or combination treatment. Recent evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain are related to several underlying mechanisms related to muscle–brain, liver–brain and gut–brain crosstalk. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the most relevant current knowledge of the impact of exercise on mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, and to highlight the established and potential underlying mechanisms involved in exercise–brain communication and their benefits for physiology and brain function.

scholarly journals Quercetin and Its Nano-Scale Delivery Systems in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Paving the Way for Cancer Elimination and Reversing Chemoresistance

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Yaseen Hussain ◽  
Sepideh Mirzaei ◽  
Milad Ashrafizadeh ◽  
Ali Zarrabi ◽  
Kiavash Hushmandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Cancer Agent ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Prostate cancer is the second most leading and prevalent malignancy around the world, following lung cancer. Prostate cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate gland. Prostate cancer morbidity and mortality have grown drastically, and intensive prostate cancer care is unlikely to produce adequate outcomes. The synthetic drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer in clinical practice face several challenges. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables. Apart from its beneficial effects, its plays a key role as an anti-cancer agent. Quercetin has shown anticancer potential, both alone and in combination. Therefore, the current study was designed to collect information from the literature regarding its therapeutic significance in the treatment of prostate cancer. Studies performed both in vitro and in vivo have confirmed that quercetin effectively prevents prostate cancer through different underlying mechanisms. Promising findings have also been achieved in clinical trials regarding the pharmacokinetics and human applications of quercetin. In the meantime, epidemiological studies have shown a negative correlation between the consumption of quercetin and the incidence of prostate cancer, and have indicated a chemopreventive effect of quercetin on prostate cancer in animal models. The major issues associated with quercetin are its low bioavailability and rapid metabolism, and these require priority attention. Chemoresistance is another main negative feature concerning prostate cancer treatment. This review highlights the chemotherapeutic effect, chemo preventive effect, and chemoresistance elimination potential of quercetin in prostate cancer. The underlying mechanisms for elimination of prostate cancer and eradication of resistance, either alone or in combination with other agents, are also discussed. In addition, the nanoscale delivery of quercetin is underpinned along with possible directions for future study.

scholarly journals The Janus Face of Lipids in Human Breast Cancer: How Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Affect Tumor Cell Hallmarks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Chénais ◽  
Vincent Blanckaert
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cancer Tissues ◽  
The Impact

For several years, lipids and especially and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) receive much attention in human health. Epidemiological studies tend to correlate a PUFA-rich diet with a reduced incidence of cancer, including breast cancer. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms supporting the effect of PUFAs in breast cancer cells remain relatively unknown. Here, we review some recent progress in understanding the impact that PUFA may have on breast cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. While most of the results obtained with docosahexaenoic acid and/or eicosapentaenoic acid show a decrease of tumor cell proliferation and/or aggressivity, there is some evidence that other lipids, which accumulate in breast cancer tissues, such as arachidonic acid may have opposite effects. Finally, lipids and especially PUFAs appear as potential adjuvants to conventional cancer therapy.

scholarly journals BAI1 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via Modulating p73 Transactivation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia yang ◽  
Ping Wei ◽  
Ruohong Shui
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background: Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) which belongs to putative G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), has been found down-expressed in various cancers and involved in cancer pathogenesis. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of BAI1 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are still unclear. Methods: The expression levels of BAI1 in TNBC samples and cell lines were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blotting (WB). The functional effects of BAI1 on biological behaviors of TNBC cells were detected using plasmid and siRNA for BAI1 overexpression and knockdown, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated by Immunoprecipitation (IP), immunofluorescence (IF) and luciferase reporter assay. Results: BAI1 was downregulated in TNBC tissues and was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival. Functional experiments indicated that BAI1 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Additionally, BAI1 overexpressed cells were more sensitive to cisplatin. Mechanistically, BAI1 interacted with MDM2, thereby enhanced p73 transcriptional activity, then promoted p21and BAX mRNA and protein expression. Overexpression of p73 abolished the BAI1 knockdown induced cell proliferation and the G2 phase cell population of TNBC, the sensitivity to cisplatin also rescued by overregulating p73 in BAI1 knockdown TNBC cells. Conclusions: Our results indicate that BAI1 is a promising prognostic factor in TNBC, and the expression of BAI1 inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest; Meanwhile, BAI1 increases the sensitivity of TNBC to cisplatin. For the underlying mechanism, BAI1 specifically binds to MDM2, and exerts its anti-tumor function by affecting the transcriptional activity of p73 protein, then inhibits the malignant progression of TNBC. The BAI1/MDM2/p73 axis may represent a potential target in the future research for TNBC.

scholarly journals Healthcare workers: occupational carcinogenic factors and cancer risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Solenova ◽  
L. A. Nekrasova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Physical Chemical

The number of healthcare workers is over two million in Russia. Many of them are exposed to hazardous physical, chemical and biological occupational factors acting along with psychological strain. The results of large epidemiological studies carried out in various countries revealed greater cancer risk in physicians and nurses: cancer of the breast, skin, brain and other sites. Higher cancer risk of lung, breast, uterine, ovary, brain is considered to be associated with ionizing radiation. The female healthcare workers who handle antineoplastic drugs showed a greater risk of birth defects in offspring, spontaneous abortions and breast cancer. In Russia, the growing number of accidents among healthcare workers following transmission of infection by carcinogenic biological factors such as HBV and HIV is observed. Higher risk of reproductive impairments, hyperplasia of the breast and uterine tissues, breast cancer are revealed in nurses working the night shift. In Russia, there is lack of epidemiological studies of cancer risk among healthcare workers, the number of medical personal exposed to occupational carcinogens is unknown. That all does not show the actual situation in our country and does not allow setting priorities in cancer prevention among medical workers.

A molecular link between diabetes and breast cancer: Therapeutic potential of repurposing incretin-based therapies for breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Jaiswal ◽  
Versha Tripathi ◽  
Aakruti Nayak ◽  
Shreya Kataria ◽  
Vladimir Lukashevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

: Female breast cancer recently surpassed lung cancer and became the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. As per the recent data from WHO, breast cancer accounts for one out of every 8 cancer cases diagnosed among an estimated 2.3 million new cancer cases. Breast cancer is the most prevailing cancer type among women causing the highest number of cancer-related mortality. It has been estimated that in 2020, 68,5000 women died due to this disease. Breast cancers have varying degrees of molecular heterogeneity; therefore, they are divided into various molecular clinical sub types. Recent reports suggest that type 2 diabetes (one of the common chronic diseases worldwide) is linked to the higher incidence, accelerated progression, and aggressiveness of different cancers; especially breast cancer. Breast cancer is hormone-dependent in nature and has a cross-talk with metabolism. A number of antidiabetic therapies are known to exert beneficial effects on various types of cancers, including breast cancer. However, only a few reports are available on the role of incretin-based antidiabetic therapies in cancer as a whole and in breast cancer in particular. The present review sheds light on the potential of incretin based therapies on breast cancer and explores the plausible underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we have also discussed the sub types of breast cancer as well as the intricate relationship between diabetes and breast cancer.

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