scholarly journals Correlation-Based Network Analysis of the Influence of Bemisia tabaci Feeding on Photosynthesis and Foliar Sugar and Starch Composition in Soybean

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Inana X. Schutze ◽  
Pedro T. Yamamoto ◽  
José B. Malaquias ◽  
Matthew Herritt ◽  
Alison Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Turn Over

Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) represents a species of economic importance in soybean. One of the obstacles to the management of B. tabaci is the quantification of damage by the pest because damage is indirectly inferred through losses in productivity. The objective of this study was to characterize the influence of B. tabaci feeding on soybean by assessing effects on photosynthetic parameters and the sugar and starch content of soybean leaves. The goal was to identify the optimal parameter to directly quantify pest damage on crop yield. Correlation networks were created among data on sugar content (fructose, glucose, and sucrose), starch and photosynthetic parameters (initial fluorescence, performance index on absorption basis, and turn-over number), and the number of nymphs at each of three infestations level (low, medium, and high) during both the vegetative and reproductive stage of the crop. In general, nymphs were more abundant during the vegetative stage. Starch content was strongly correlated with nymph density. A strong positive correlation was observed between fructose and nymph density during the vegetative stage. Among the photosynthetic parameters, the turn-over number N was positively correlated with nymph density at a low-infestation level and negatively correlated with nymphs when they occurred at a high-infestation level. B. tabaci feeding affected the plant’s physiology and its interaction is reflected in part by the relationships among photosynthetic parameters as well as the levels of sugars and starch. This understanding might be useful in developing better monitoring tools for pest management.

Biogas production from silage maize hybrids

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
Z. Hegyi ◽  
Z. Zsubori-Tóth ◽  
J. Pintér ◽  
C. Marton
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Biogas Yield

Experiments have been underway in Martonvásár for many years to develop leafy silage hybrids, which have a greater aboveground mass than conventional silage hybrids. The best hybrids for biogas production would be those that produce a large quantity of biomass and are rich in starch. The chief characteristic of leafy hybrids is that they have more leaves than normal hybrids. Due to this enhanced leaf area above the ear, the vegetative period of leafy genotypes is shorter, while the grain-filling period is longer, which has a positive effect on both yield and grain quality. The results of the present experiment show that during the anaerobic fermentation of the silage, leafy hybrids produced more biogas (640 l per 1000 g dry matter) than conventional hybrids (606 l per 1000 g dry matter). There were no significant differences between the methane contents of the leafy and non-leafy hybrids tested in the experiment. A strong positive correlation was found between biogas yield and the starch content of the silage, and a moderate positive correlation between biogas yield and the sugar content. The correlation between biogas yield and the lignin and protein contents was negative, in accordance with other literary data.

Study on some of the physiological and biochemical indexes under the age of development of banana fruit (Musa paradisiaca L.) grown in Thanh Tri, Hanoi

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Trong Le Van ◽  
Khanh Nguyen Nhu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Fruit Formation ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Research to determine the ripening time of the fruit is the scientific basis for better harvesting and preservation. Physiological and biochemical methods were used to analyze the changes of some indicators according to the growth and development of banana fruit grown in Thanh Liet commune, Thanh Tri district, Hanoi from the time of its formation until the fruit ripening. The results showed that the banana reached the maximum size at 16 weeks old, at this time the peel was yellow due to the decrease in chlorophyll and increased carotenoid content. The content of vitamin C and total organic acid content reached their maximum when the fruit at 12 weeks old, then decreased gradually. Starch content increased to 14 weeks old, then decreased. Reduced sugar content increased gradually to 16 weeks old and then decreased. Protein content decreased gradually from fruit formation until fruit ripening, lipid content increased gradually to 15 weeks old, then decreased. Through the research process, we have determined that the physiological ripe time of banana fruit was 16 weeks old, this is the time when the fruit stops growing and accumulates many nutrients.

scholarly journals Influence of Sett Treatments on Biochemical, Weed, Physiological Parameters and Nutrient Uptake of Bajra Napier Hybrid Grass [CO (BN)5]

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (september) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varshini S V ◽  
◽  
Jayanthi C ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Phenolics Content

A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to study the influence of sett treatment on biochemical parameters, weed parameters, physiological parameters and nutrient uptake of bajra Napier hybrid grass. The results of the experiment indicated that on biochemical parameters, sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1) recorded higher reducing sugars (28.89 mg/g), total sugar (34.83 mg/g) and starch content (45.83 mg/g). Whereas the lower non reducing sugar content (5.94 mg/g) and total phenolics content (1.65 mg/g) were also observed with sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1). Similarly, on weed parameters, significantly lower weed density (9.90 No./m2) and weed dry weight (12.92 g/m2) was recorded with sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1). On physiological parameters, significantly higher leaf area index (28.98), relative water content (87.85 %) was registered with water (12 hours soaking fb24 hours incubation) (S1). Among sett treatments, water (12 hours soaking fb24 hours incubation) (S1) had registered higher nitrogen (192.8 kg ha-1), phosphorus (33.0 kg ha-1) and potassium (112.9 kg ha-1) uptake.

scholarly journals Monitoring Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Infestation in Soybean Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro P. S. Barros ◽  
Inana X. Schutze ◽  
Fernando H. Iost Filho ◽  
Pedro Takao Yamamoto ◽  
Peterson Fiorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Different Levels

Although monitoring and observing insect pest populations in the fields is essential in crop management, it is still a laborious and sometimes ineffective process. High infestation levels may diminish the photosynthetic activity of soybean plants, affecting their development and reducing the yield. An imprecise decision making in integrated pest management program may lead to an ineffective control in infested areas or the excessive use of insecticides. In order to reach a more efficient control of arthropods population it is important to evaluate the infestation in time to mitigate its negative effects on the crop and remote sensing is an important tool for monitoring. It was proposed that infested soybean areas could be identified, and the arthropods quantified from non-infested areas in a field by hyperspectral remote sensing. Thus, the goals of this study were to investigate and discriminate the reflectance characteristics of soybean non-infested and infested with Bemisia tabaci using hyperspectral remote sensing data. Therefore, samples of infested and non-infested soybean leaves were collected and transported to the laboratory to obtain the hyperspectral curves. The results obtained allowed to discriminate the different levels of infestation and to separate healthy from whitefly infested soybean leaves based on their reflectance.

scholarly journals Bio-rational management of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) for suppressing tomato yellow leaf curl virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-597
Author(s):  
MM Alam ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
MZ Haque ◽  
R Humayun ◽  
KM Khalequzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Diseased Plant ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is the vector of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), is a serious pest of vegetables and other crops worldwide. The experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural Research institute (BARI) during two consecutive years of 2009 and 2010 to select a suitable bio-rational management practice against white fly, transmitting TYLCV. Treatments comprising tomato variety Ratan with diseased plant uprooting, spraying admire, applying admire on trap crop (marigold), spraying neem, sesame and mustard oil with trix and the untreated control were used in this experiment. The variety Opurba with similar materials as described above was used. Percent virus infected tomato plants ranged from 1.33 to 19.00 in two consecutive years, where the highest infection was recorded in control plot with variety Opurba and the lowest was recorded in variety Ratan treated with Admire. Consequently, the highest yield (47.70 and 52.36 t ha-1 in 1st and 2nd year, respectively) in the plots of variety Ratan treated with admire and the lowest yield was recorded in untreated control plots with variety Opurba (14.75 and 30.30 t ha-1) for the two consecutive years. A strong positive correlation was observed between whitefly population and % TYLCV infection for both the years and both varieties of tomato. While a negative correlation was observed between % TYLCV infection with number of fruits plants-1 and yield (t ha-1) for both the years and in both varieties of tomato. These results are consistent with the occurrences of TYLCV, which have been associated with the percent virus infection in relation to yield and yield contributing characters of tomato.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(4): 583-597, December 2016

Pleopeltis pleopeltifolia (Polypodiopsida, Polypodiaceae), a poikilochlorophyllous desiccation-tolerant fern: anatomical, biochemical and physiological responses during water stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Lorenzen Voytena ◽  
Bruno Degaspari Minardi ◽  
José Bonomi Barufi ◽  
Marisa Santos ◽  
Áurea Maria Randi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Notable Increase

While many ferns have been described as desiccation tolerant (DT), few studies have reported on the mechanisms they use to survive cell desiccation. Among the species belonging to the genus Pleopeltis, P. pleopeltifolia (Raddi) Alston (Polypodiopsida, Polypodiaceae) is a DT species endemic to Brazil. So as to better characterise the mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in ferns, the present study aimed to analyse frond anatomy and physiological changes associated with desiccation and rehydration of P. pleopeltifolia. Fronds are dorsiventral, with uniseriate epidermis. The epidermal cells have various shapes, tending to stretch in the longitudinal direction of the frond. Anticlinal cell walls are sinuous, and periclinal cell walls are convex. Anomocytic stomata are restricted to the abaxial surface. Trichome-type scales are found on both sides of the frond and may play a relevant role in rehydration of this plant when water is available. The mesophyll of the frond consists of palisade parenchyma, tending to a bistratified adaxial surface and spongy parenchyma on abaxial surface. The cuticle on the adaxial surface is conspicuous, ensuring better control of internal water balance. For physiological analyses, sporophytes were subjected to desiccation for 0, 5, 10 and 15 days and rehydration for 1 day. Sporophytes showed a sharp decline in water content when kept without irrigation, reaching 9.6% after 15 days, in addition to wilting and frond rolling. A significant increase in sugar content in fronds was noticeable during desiccation, which may favour a possible osmotic adjustment and vitrification. A notable increase in proline content during rehydration was observed in fronds. During the five initial days of desiccation, the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased abruptly, but after 1 day of rehydration, they had partly recovered. The photosynthetic parameters analysed by fluorescence of chlorophyll a ceased completely after 15 days of desiccation but they had recovered near to pre-desiccation levels after 1 day of rehydration.

Some effects of gamma radiation on several varieties of Tasmanian potatoes. 2. Biochemical changes

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Wills
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Sugars

Tasmanian Up-to-date, Kennebec, Sebago, and Sequoia tubers were treated with low doses of gamma radiation to inhibit sprouting and were subsequently stored at 68�F or 45�F. Tubers were examined at bi-monthly intervals for some, or all, of the following biochemical constituents : dry matter, thiamin, reduced ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, total ascorbic acid, soluble reducing sugars, sucrose, total sugars, and starch. Radiation, independent of dose level, led to lower dry matter contents in the Up-to-date, Kennebec, and Sequoia tubers after four months storage, and in the Sebago tubers after six months storage at 68�F, but not at 45�F, when compared to the controls. The thiamin content of Up-to-date tubers w-as not influenced by radiation (16,000 rads). Storage w-as a more important factor than radiation in altering the ascorbic acid content of tubers. Radiation maintained, or even increased the normal level. Radiation increased the soluble reducing sugar content of Sequoia tubers, the total sugar of Sequoia and Sebago tubers, and the sucrose content of the Sebago tubers, but had little effect on the starch content of these varieties. Storage influenced some of these constituents, particularly in the Sebago variety.

scholarly journals Seed Ontogeny and Nonstructural Carbohydrates of Cycas micronesica Megagametophyte Tissue

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1144-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler ◽  
Nirmala Dongol
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Starch Concentration

The profile of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) was quantified to determine sugar and starch relationships of megagametophyte tissue during Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill seed ontogeny. Field work occurred in northern Guam where megastrobili were marked and dated as they emerged from stem apices of plants in a natural population. Seeds were harvested beginning 6 months after megastrobili emergence and continuing until 28 months, and gametophyte tissue was separated from the remainder of each seed. Carbohydrates within lyophilized gametophyte tissue were quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The levels of glucose and fructose declined from a high at 6 months to a homeostasis at 11 months, and the levels of sucrose similarly declined from 6 months to a homeostasis at ≈14 months. Starch content exceeded sugar content and increased from 6 months to reach a homeostasis at ≈18 months. Maltose was not detected in any sample. Stoichiometric quotients changed dramatically until ≈14 months, when they became fairly stable until 28 months. Starch concentration was ≈5-fold greater than sugar concentration at 6 months, and increased to ≈15-fold greater than sugar concentration by 28 months. Total NSC in mature megagametophytes was almost 70% on a dry weight basis. Our results are in agreement with the biological function of this haploid tissue, as copious carbohydrate resources are readily available to support embryo and seedling growth.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Genes Associated with Starch Metabolism in Castanea henryi Seed (Fagaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Ruqiang Lin ◽  
Yuting Jiang ◽  
Shuzhen Jiang ◽  
Yuanfang Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Starch Metabolism ◽  
Carbohydrate Storage

Starch is the most important form of carbohydrate storage and is the major energy reserve in some seeds, especially Castanea henryi. Seed germination is the beginning of the plant’s life cycle, and starch metabolism is important for seed germination. As a complex metabolic pathway, the regulation of starch metabolism in C. henryi is still poorly understood. To explore the mechanism of starch metabolism during the germination of C. henryi, we conducted a comparative gene expression analysis at the transcriptional level using RNA-seq across four different germination stages, and analyzed the changes in the starch and soluble sugar contents. The results showed that the starch content increased in 0–10 days and decreased in 10–35 days, while the soluble sugar content continuously decreased in 0–30 days and increased in 30–35 days. We identified 49 candidate genes that may be associated with starch and sucrose metabolism. Three ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) genes, two nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPS) genes and three starch synthases (SS) genes may be related to starch accumulation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the expression levels of these genes. Our study combined transcriptome data with physiological and biochemical data, revealing potential candidate genes that affect starch metabolism during seed germination, and provides important data about starch metabolism and seed germination in seed plants.

Nutritional composition of fruit of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)cultivars grown in Haryana, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinita Vinita ◽  
Darshan Punia
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fiber ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Date Fruit

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the nutrient composition of four varieties of date fruit. The results of the study indicated that the variety Shamran had highest protein (2.77%) content and the variety Medjool the lowest (1.88%). Fat and crude fibre contents of date fruit varieties ranged from 0.17 to 0.50% and 1.71 to 2.22%, respectively. The variety Medjool had lowest amount of total soluble sugars (67.49g/100g) and reducing sugar (61.31g/100g). All the varieties of date fruit differed non-significantly among themselves for their non- reducing sugar content. The variety Khadrawi had the highest amount of starch content. Total dietary fiber (11.70g/100g) and soluble dietary fiber (3.34g/100g) were highest in variety Hillawi. All the four varieties of date fruit differed significantly from each other for their total dietary fiber content and soluble dietary fiber content. The varieties Khadrawi (8.46%), Hillawi (8.35%) and Shamran (7.94%) had significantly (p£ 0.05) higher insoluble dietary fiber as compared to variety Medjool (4.25%). The variety Shamran had highest amount of calcium (195.33mg/100g) and zinc (1.81mg/100g). The variety Medjool contained lowest amount of calcium (70.33mg/100g), iron (1.91mg/100g) and potassium (713mg/100g) while the highest amount of phosphorus (52.66mg/100g). A non-significant (p£0.05) difference was observed in magnesium content of all the varieties. Polyphenol content of date fruits from different varieties ranged from 228.79 to 253.21 mg/100g.

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