scholarly journals Production of PP Composites Reinforced with Flax and Hemp Woven Mesh Fabrics via Compression Molding

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Luca Boccarusso ◽  
Dario De Fazio ◽  
Massimo Durante
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Polymeric Matrices ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
Vegetable Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Anchoring ◽  
Time Required

Hemp and flax fibers are among the most interesting vegetable fibers that can be used to reinforce polymeric matrices. In line with the global environmental requests, the use of these fibers especially coupled with thermoforming polymers are increasing more and more in order to expand their applications and replace synthetic fibers and thermosetting plastics. However, one of the major limitations of vegetable fibers is their poor adhesion with polymeric matrices that is often overcome by fibers chemical treatments or by using coupling agents within the matrix. Aiming to produce polypropylene (PP) bio composite laminates reinforced by hemp and flax fibers without additional process steps, this paper deals on the study of their production via the compression molding technique by using woven fabrics characterized by a large mesh size able to ensure a mechanical anchoring between fibers and matrix. Two different forming strategies that differ in the time required for reaching the maximum values of compression pressure and in the dwelling time at this value were used in order to investigate how the yarn impregnation was affected by them. To expand the applications of composites under investigation, tensile, bending, Izod, heat deflection temperature (HDT) and bearing tests were carried out. The results highlighted how the use of a waiting time before the reaching of the maximum moulding pressure allowed a better matrix flow within the vegetable yarn leading to higher mechanical performances.

Effect of fibre content on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre woven fabrics/polypropylene composite laminates

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110239
Author(s):  
Sheedev Antony ◽  
Abel Cherouat ◽  
Guillaume Montay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Viscoelastic Behaviour ◽  
Hemp Fibre

Nowadays natural fibre composites have gained great significance as reinforcements in polymer matrix composites. Composite material based on a polymer matrix reinforced with natural fibres is extensively used in industry due to their biodegradability, recyclability, low density and high specific properties. A study has been carried out here to investigate the fibre volume fraction effect of hemp fibre woven fabrics/PolyPropylene (PP) composite laminates on the tensile properties and impact hammer impact test. Initially, composite sheets were fabricated by the thermal-compression process with desired number of fabric layers to obtain composite laminates with different fibre volume fraction. Uniaxial, shear and biaxial tensile tests were performed and mechanical properties were calculated. Impact hammer test was also carried out to estimate the frequency and damping parameters of stratified composite plates. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis was performed to observe the matrix and fibre constituent defects. Hemp fabrics/PP composite laminates exhibits viscoelastic behaviour and as the fibre volume fraction increases, the viscoelastic behaviour decreases to elastic behaviour. Due to this, the tensile strength increases as the fibre content increases. On the other hand, the natural frequency increases and damping ratio decrease as the fibre volume fraction increases.

scholarly journals Tensile Behavior and Diffusion of Moisture through Flax Fibers by Desorption Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarda S. Radkar ◽  
Ali Amiri ◽  
Chad A. Ulven
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Tensile Behavior ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Additional Absorption ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
Diffusion Rates ◽  
Desorption Method ◽  
And Diffusion

There has been a substantial increase in the usage of natural fibers and biodegradable polymers in composite materials due to the recent focus on sustainability of materials. Flax fibers have exhibited higher mechanical properties compared to most other natural fibers available. However, one of the major challenges faced in the use of flax fiber is its hydrophilicity. In this study, the tensile behavior of flax fiber tows removed from commercially available woven fabrics were investigated at different moisture levels. The breaking tenacity of fiber tows was shown to increase with an increase in moisture content of up to 25%. After this point, additional absorption of moisture resulted in a decrease of fiber tenacity. In addition, the diffusion process through flax fiber mat with different areal densities was investigated and the diffusion coefficients were determined using the desorption curves. Diffusion rates were not found to significantly change with varying areal densities of 200 to 400 gsm, but were significantly different when exposed to temperatures of 55 °C versus 80 °C.

scholarly journals The research on the sifting from processing of East Donbass refuse heap for manufacturing wall ceramics goods

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khungianos Yavruyan ◽  
Evgeny Gaishun ◽  
Yuliya Teryokhina ◽  
Vladimir Kotlyar
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Grain Composition ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Way

The results of the research into sifting of eastern Donbass gob pile processing as raw material for manufacturing wall ceramics, that is popular industrial raw material of the region, are highlighted in the report. It is stated that the main sifting components are siltstones, clay slates, claystone, and sandstones. The main minerals of the sifting are feldspar, crystalline silica, mica, and hydromica. The haracteristic of sifting handling ability for which the most suitable is the way of goods compression molding at elevated pressure and reduced humidity is given. It is stated that the main technology factors are grain composition of raw material mass, its humidity, compression pressure and firing temperature. Variation of technology factors' data makes it possible to get different kinds of products (course, lining, arch brick) with a wide range of features. Methods of evaluation of quality merit rating and the way this rating affects properties of final product are offered. There is high economical perspective of sifting implementation for production of wall ceramics.

Acoustic emission characterization of local bending behavior for adhesively bonded hybrid external patch repaired glass/epoxy composite laminates

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Jefferson Andrew ◽  
V Arumugam ◽  
C Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Residual Deformation ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Bending Response

This article investigates the influence of homogeneous and hybrid external patches based on glass and Kevlar plain weave woven fabrics on local bending response of adhesively bonded external patch repairs in damaged glass/epoxy composite laminates. The intent of using hybrid external patches was to combine the excellent high displacement to failure property of Kevlar fiber as a ductile reinforcement with the superior mechanical property of glass fiber as a brittle reinforcement. The undamaged normal specimens were taken as the standard specimen for evaluation of residual mechanical properties. In all hybrid patches, the proportion of Kevlar and glass fibers was equal (i.e. 50% of Kevlar and 50% of glass by volume fraction), while lay-up configurations were different. This further allowed studying the associated effects of hybridization and lay-up configuration on local bending response of the repaired laminates. All the specimens were subjected to cyclic quasi-static indentation tests with a step loading method. The indentation tests have also been monitored in real time by acoustic emission system. The acoustic emission results illustrated various damage profiles and correlates with the mechanical test results to point out the load to a transformation in damage mechanisms during indentation loading with respect to the effect of each patch material on the performance of the repaired glass/epoxy specimens. Results showed that hybridization and lay-up configurations of the external patches played a significant role on local bending response (i.e. ultimate load, stiffness, residual deformation, displacement to failure, and damage pattern) of the repaired glass/epoxy specimens. Specimens repaired using intra-ply hybrid patches showed the best local bending response.

Hybrid composite laminates reinforced with flax-basalt-glass woven fabrics for lightweight load bearing structures

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372096074
Author(s):  
Mohamed A Attia ◽  
Marwa A Abd El-baky ◽  
Mostafa M Abdelhaleem ◽  
Mohamed A Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Basalt Glass ◽  
Interlaminar Shear ◽  
The Impact

An experimental investigation on the mechanical performance of interlayer hybrid flax-basalt-glass woven fabrics reinforced epoxy composite laminates has been performed. The tensile, flexural, in-plane shear, interlaminar shear, bearing, and impact properties of the fabricated laminates were investigated. Test specimens were fabricated using vacuum bagging process. Failure modes of all specimens were recorded and discussed. Results proved that the mechanical properties of flax-basalt-glass hybrid laminates are highly dominated by the reinforcement combinations and plies stacking sequence. Hybridizing flax fiber reinforced composite with basalt and/or glass fabrics provides an effective method for enhancing its tensile, flexural, in-plane shear, interlaminar shear, and bearing properties as well as controls the impact strength of the composite. The fabricated hybrids are found to have good specific mechanical properties benefits. Amongst the studied flax/basalt/glass hybrids, FBGs has the highest tensile properties, GBFs has the highest flexural and impact properties, and GFBs has the best shear and bearing properties. Flax-basalt-glass hybrid composites with different layering sequence seem to be an appropriate choice for lightweight load bearing structures.

Effects of the Stacking Sequence, Material Nature and Addition of an Adhesive Film on the Delamination Resistance of Woven Composite Laminates in Mode I and II

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 096369351502400
Author(s):  
P. Navarro ◽  
J. Aubry ◽  
F. Pascal ◽  
S. Marguet ◽  
J.F. Ferrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Woven Composite ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Adhesive Film ◽  
Woven Composite Laminates

Woven composites are well-known for their good transverse properties and for their high fracture toughness. The damage mechanisms leading to delamination in woven composites are identified in mode I and II and are compared with those occurring in unidirectional laminates. The influence of several parameters, including the draping sequence and the fibre / matrix interface on the fracture toughness of woven composite laminates is studied. Pure Mode I and Mode II tests are carried out on several carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy woven composites configurations and the differences observed are discussed from a fractographic point of view. The study illustrates the high fracture toughness of the composites made of woven fabrics as well the influence of the orientation of the plies, the nature of the fibres and the addition of an adhesive film.

scholarly journals Hybrid Composite Laminates Reinforced with Kevlar/Carbon/Glass Woven Fabrics for Ballistic Impact Testing

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Randjbaran ◽  
Rizal Zahari ◽  
Nawal Aswan Abdul Jalil ◽  
Dayang Laila Abang Abdul Majid
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Equal Mass ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Ballistic Impact ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Ballistic Test

Current study reported a facile method to investigate the effects of stacking sequence layers of hybrid composite materials on ballistic energy absorption by running the ballistic test at the high velocity ballistic impact conditions. The velocity and absorbed energy were accordingly calculated as well. The specimens were fabricated from Kevlar, carbon, and glass woven fabrics and resin and were experimentally investigated under impact conditions. All the specimens possessed equal mass, shape, and density; nevertheless, the layers were ordered in different stacking sequence. After running the ballistic test at the same conditions, the final velocities of the cylindrical AISI 4340 Steel pellet showed how much energy was absorbed by the samples. The energy absorption of each sample through the ballistic impact was calculated; accordingly, the proper ballistic impact resistance materials could be found by conducting the test. This paper can be further studied in order to characterise the material properties for the different layers.

Tensile Strength of Stitching Joint in Woven Glass Fabrics

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chienhom Lee ◽  
Dahsin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Overlap Joint ◽  
Joining Strength

Stitching has been found to be able to improve the interlaminar strength of composite laminates. Its application as composite joining has been also explored. This study examined the tensile strength of some stitched composite beams made of woven glass fabric and epoxy matrix. The effects of stitching parameters on joining strength were evaluated by both experimental technique and finite element method. It was found that there were two basic ways to improve the strength of stitching joint. One was to use high-density stitching in nonoverlap joint and the other was to use chain stitching in overlap joint. However, the former could give smoother surface and more uniform thickness than the latter. In addition, it was concluded from this study that stitching joint was more suitable for woven fabrics than for unidirectional prepreg tapes.

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