scholarly journals Beyond the Finish Line: The Impact and Dynamics of Biomarkers in Physical Exercise—A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 4978
Author(s):  
Alexandru-Dan Costache ◽  
Irina-Iuliana Costache ◽  
Radu-Ștefan Miftode ◽  
Celina-Silvia Stafie ◽  
Maria-Magdalena Leon-Constantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Finish Line ◽  
Immune Biomarkers ◽  
The Impact

The research of biomarkers continues to emerge as a developing academic field which is attracting substantial interest. The study of biomarkers proves to be useful in developing and implementing new screening methods for a wide variety of diseases including in the sports area, whether for leisure activities or professional sports. Novel research has brought into question the immune system and the limitations it may impose on sports practicing. As the well-being of athletes is a priority, the state of their immune function offers valuable information regarding their health status and their ability to continue training. The assessment of various biomarkers may contribute to a more accurate risk stratification and subsequent prevention of some invalidating or even fatal pathologies such as the sudden cardiac death. Therefore, we have reviewed several studies that included sports-related pathology or specific morphofunctional alterations for which some immune biomarkers may represent an expression of the underlying mechanism. These include the defensins, immunoglobulin A (IgA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), the tumoral necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and the white blood cells (WBC) count. Similarly, also of significant interest are various endocrine biomarkers, such as cortisol and testosterone, as well as anabolic or catabolic markers, respectively. Literature data highlight that these values are greatly influenced not only by the duration, but also by the intensity of the physical exercise; moderate training sessions actually enhance the immune function of the body, while a significant increase in both duration and intensity of sports activity acts as a deleterious factor. Therefore, in this paper we aim to highlight the importance of biomarkers’ evaluation in connection with sports activities and a subsequent more adequate approach towards personalized training regimens.

The impact of physical exercise on hippocampus, in physiological condition and ageing-related decline: current evidence from animal and human studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Lauretta ◽  
Silvia Ravalli ◽  
Grazia Maugeri ◽  
Velia D’Agata ◽  
Michelino Di Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

: Physical exercise (PE), notoriously, promotes a state of general well-being, throughout the entire human lifespan. Moreover, maintaining an adequate and regular PE habit results to be a powerful preventive factor towards many diseases and may also help in managing existing pathological conditions. PE induces structural and functional changes in various districts of the body, determining biological and psychological benefits. Additionally, in elderly, PE might represent a remarkable tool reducing cognitive impairments related to the normal aging processes and it has also been found to have an impact in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. The present review aims to provide an overview about PE effects on hippocampus, since it is one of the brain regions most susceptible to aging and, therefore, involved in diseases characterized by cognitive impairment.

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

scholarly journals Motivation and resistance as predictors of sports practice expectations: a case study of the Physical and Sports Activity students of the Central University of Ecuador (Motivaciones y resistencias, e imagen del profesorado de actividad física y deportiva

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 262-270
Author(s):  
Jenny Esmeralda Martínez Benítez ◽  
LLuisa Aitana Sauleda Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Interpretative Approach ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: This study analyzes factors that may influence the expectations of practicing future sports. Among these factors, the motivation and resistance towards the practice of physical activity and sports from 300 students of the Central University of Ecuador are analysed. The metaphorical constructions of the students are also interpreted in relation to the impact that the physical activity and sports -PAS has in their personal lives. The metaphorical constructions of the students, in relation to the meaning that the PAS represents in their personal life are also considered and the students’ perception of their Physical activity and Sports teachers also is requested. Finally, the expectations of PAS practice that they express are taken into account. The methodology is qualitative with an interpretative approach. The data collection technique is an interview that allows you to understand the problem from the perspective of its protagonists. In the data processing, the Aquad 6 computer program is used, which allows the analysis of the narratives through categories and codes. The results show that motivation exceeds resistance, and that the lack of time is its great difficulty to practice. In the study of metaphors, the level of satisfaction indicated, coincides with the metaphors of the value of PAS in personal life as a source of well-being and health. The findings show high expectations which could be correlated with the positive satisfactions in practice, the image of the teaching staff and the vital relevance they attach to the PAS.Resumen: Esta investigación analiza factores que pueden influir en las expectativas de práctica deportiva futura. Específicamente, se analizan las motivaciones y resistencias hacia la práctica de actividad física y deportiva de 300 estudiantes de la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Asimismo, se analizan las construcciones metafóricas de los estudiantes en relación al sentido que la actividad física y el deporte- AFD representa en su vida personal. Estos resultados se relacionan con la percepción que los estudiantes tienen de su profesorado de Actividad Física y Deportiva y con la representación metafórica de la imagen del profesor de AFD que se les solicita. Finalmente, se analizan las expectativas de práctica de AFD que manifiestan. La metodología es cualitativa con un enfoque interpretativo. La recogida de datos se registra mediante una entrevista que permite comprender la problemática desde la perspectiva de sus protagonistas. En el procesamiento de datos se utiliza el programa informático Aquad 6, que posibilita el análisis de las narrativas a través de categorías y códigos. Los resultados evidencian que la afección supera a la resistencia, que la falta de tiempo es su mayor dificultad para la práctica. En el estudio de metáforas, las satisfacciones señaladas, la salud y la satisfacción en la práctica, coinciden con las imágenes del valor de la AFD en su vida personal como fuente de bienestar y salud. La opinión sobre el profesorado es positiva y la imagen metafórica muestra una visión idealizada del profesor en el que quieren convertirse. Los hallazgos muestran altas expectativas lo que podría correlacionarse con las positivas satisfacciones en la práctica, la imagen del profesorado y la vital relevancia que conceden a la AFD.

scholarly journals From Medication to Meditation: A Critical Disability Studies Analysis of Mindfulness-Based Practices for Children With Learning Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Emma Peddigrew ◽  
John McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Disability Studies ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Body ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Advocacy ◽  
Critical Disability Studies ◽  
The Impact

Throughout the past 70 years, the field of LDs has aimed to support children, youth, as well as their families, to generate definitions, understand neurological contributions and create meaningful policies and practices. However, despite decades of research, an emphasis on early identification and prevention, and significant policy documents, children and youth with LDs continue to face equally as important difficulties related to one’s social and emotional well-being. Critical disability studies (CDS) identifies how political, educational, and social contexts serve as sites for (in)justice (Shildrick, 2007). A CDS framework aims to resist the emphasis of individual impairment and deficiency while incorporating the interests and voices of the individuals with disabilities themselves. Few studies have analyzed the impact of mindfulness on how children with LDs cope with stress, ‘failure’, and understand their bodies. As a result, this paper will ask: how can mindfulness-based practices be used as a tool to improve the overall well-being of children and youth with a LD? With support from CDS and the utilization of mindfulness-based practices, children and youth with LDs can become connected to the body and mind. This study will enable future research on the importance of self-advocacy, coping, confidence, attention, and emotional regulation for children with LDs. It is through these liberating frameworks that children with LDs can become emancipated from political, historic, social, and cultural constraints.

scholarly journals Effects of Two Polysaccharides From Traditional Chinese Medicines on Rat Immune Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lei Wang ◽  
Xiang Hua Shu ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Yong Bo Liu ◽  
Ya Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicines ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
Spleen Index

Abstract: The aim is to study the immune function effect of two polysaccharides extracted from traditional Chinese herbs on rats. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used to extract the polysaccharide from traditional Chinese medicines. MTT assay was used to determine the effects of two polysaccharides on the conversion of pig peripheral T lymphocytes. For this, 24 Sprague–Dawley rats were selected for the clinical trial and divided into groups B (blank), CK (cyclophosphamide inhibitory control), AP (angelica polysaccharide), and RIP (radix isatidis polysaccharide). Except for group B, other groups can induce the immunodeficiency by using cyclophosphamide. Rats of the AP and RIP groups were given gavage of 1 mL of AP and RIP. The blood was sampled from the eyeball on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35, respectively, to determine immune cells, IgG and IgM of immunoglobulin, body weight, and spleen index.Results: The average content of AP and RIP was 51.27 and 14.8%, and the extraction rate was 75.23 and 60.94%. The maximum stimulation index was 1.407 when the concentration of AP was 8,000 μg mL−1 and 1.5 when the concentration of RIP was 125 μg mL−1. Both kinds of polysaccharides can alleviate the decline of white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and serum IgG and IgM caused by cyclophosphamide. The two polysaccharides can regulate the rapid recovery of weight in immunosuppressed rats and increase the spleen index of immunosuppressed SD rats. The polysaccharides from the two traditional Chinese medicines can alleviate the immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide and promote the immune function of the body, which can be used as raw material resources of new veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals TYPES OF READINESS OF SPECIALISTS IN PHYSICAL THERAPY AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY FOR THE USE OF HEALTH-PRESERVING TECHNOLOGIES IN THEIR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Anhelina Korobchenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Classification ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the types of readiness of specialists in physical therapy and occupational therapy to use health-preserving technologies in professional activities, which are determined by: scientific knowledge about the nature, patterns, features, principles, purpose, objectives and content of work to restore public health and implement such technologies. The main indicator of the effectiveness of specialist training is the psychological, pedagogical, professional, practical, social, personal and physical readiness of a specialist in physical therapy and occupational therapy to work to restore the health of the socio-component of our society. It is shown that the main property of a specialist in physical therapy and occupational therapy is a generalized ability to think pedagogically, which implies that the teacher has analytical, prognostic, design and reflexive skills. Features of both practical and professional readiness of the specialist are external (subject) skills, which include organizational and communication skills. The main types of readiness (professional, personal, psychological, physical, social, pedagogical and practical) of specialists in physical therapy and occupational therapy to use health technology in professional activities are described; the peculiarities of use in working with patients when compiling rehabilitation programs based on the International Classification are indicated. functioning, limitation of life and health, which aims to define a unified and standardized language and schemes for describing health and health-related conditions, which introduces the definition of the components of health and some related to health, components of well-being (in particular, such as education and work). This classification has moved away from the classification of "disease consequences" and has become a classification of "health components". The components of health determine the components of health, while the "consequences" focus on the impact of disease or other health conditions on the end result. The international classification of functioning, limitation of life and health is not nosologically oriented, but takes into account changes in health without regard to the facts, at the time of the examination. This classification is focused not only on the severity of the consequences of diseases, it for the first time emphasizes the adaptive and compensatory capabilities of the body, the importance of maximum involvement of people with special educational needs in public life, which deal with physical therapists and occupational therapists activities.

scholarly journals EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF DENSITY ON ACCESS TO LOCAL FACILITIES IN URBAN NEIGHBOURHOODS

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Nurul Mardiah Wan Mohd Rani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Local services and facilities in residential neighbourhoods play an important role towards the social sustainability of local residents. It is believed that having good provision and access to these local services and facilities would contribute significantly to the quality of life and residents’ well-being. The form of the neighbourhood influences the way people live in the neighbourhood. The way people settle in neighbourhood’s shapes the quality of life, the richness of the local economy, the level of social cohesion, the level of safety and the amount and the kind of human activities in public spaces. Different urban forms can have very different degrees of sustainability. Density is one of the urban form elements that have been research numerous times and proven to have an influence on the neighbourhood sustainability. Density is the most easily measured urban form element either at a macro level (city) or micro level (neighbourhood). This research discusses the impact of density on the micro scale through estimating its influence on access to local facilities. Through the use of household survey and supported by observation survey, this study findings on the impact of density on access and use of local facilities. The study concludes with establishing the findings of the survey to reflect and fit into the body of knowledge and how it would improve the guidelines and policy on social sustainability in improving the urban living as a whole.

Selected health issues related to high altitude trekking

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-65
Author(s):  
Hanna Prószyńska-Bordas ◽  
Katarzyna Baranowska
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Unbalanced Diet ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the paper was to investigate health aspects of high altitude trekking such as preparation for the physical exertion during trekking at high altitude, the impact of mountaineering on the daily life before and after the expedition, the effect of high-mountain conditions on health and well-being. It was found that in the pre-departure period trekkers commonly train to ensure that they are physically fit for the expedition. They train alone or under the supervision of a trainer. Self-prepared workouts may turn out to be insufficient due to the lack of appropriate training plans. The most challenging aspects of high altitude trekking for the body include carrying too heavy equipment, dealing with illegibly marked routes, wearing inappropriate clothing, having an unbalanced diet, not having enough water, which can lead to dehydration and infections. Misconduct by other people poses a risk. The specific type of effort involved in mountaineering requires balanced nutrition in terms of both micro- and macro-elements. To find the right combination, one has to either experiment or seek advice from a dietitian. However, relatively few people consult a nutrition coach. Among sanitary problems, the most serious one is inappropriate human waste disposal, the resulting lack of drinkable water. Some of the observed problems result from insufficient regulations regarding the conduct in the mountains and from trekkers’ lack of awareness regarding good practices in such extreme conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of body condition on postpartum features in morada nova sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1581
Author(s):  
Felipe Brener Bezerra de Oliveira ◽  
César Carneiro Linhares Fernandes ◽  
Aline Maia Silva ◽  
Cleidson Manoel Gomes Silva ◽  
Luiz Fernando De Souza Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluated the impact of nutritional status of Morada Nova sheep at lambing on the reproductive and productive performance and on the survival of lambs in early weaning system. Nineteen, Morada Nova sheep were assigned to two groups according to body condition score (BCS) at lambing: low BCS (n = 11) and high BCS (n=8) with body condition respectively of (mean ± SD) 2.0 ± 0.3 e 2.9 ± 0.1. From birth until lamb weaning (45 days), sheep were weighed weekly and checked the BCS, loin subcutaneous fat thickness, loin depth, hematological profile, milk composition and production, and every three days, we measured the uterine diameter. Lamb weightings were performed up to one week after weaning (52 days). The lower availability of muscle and fat reserves in the low BCS group negatively affected milk production and consequently performance of suckling lambs. However, the results indicated that the uterine involution process, the reproductive parameters including prolificacy, rate of multiple births, number of white blood cells, milk quality, body weight of lambs at birth and mortality rates were not affected by the body condition. The results allowed to describe the responsiveness to opposite nutritional status of Morada Nova sheep, showing their characteristics of adaptation.

scholarly journals The ties that bind us: how existing relationships, health and gender shape family care in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice G. Gullick ◽  
M. Colleen Stainton
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Impact

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) changes family roles and relationship dynamics and the experience of the disease is influenced by family functioning. Merleau- Ponty&rsquo;s existential philosophy of the body provided the framework for this Heideggerian phenomenological inquiry. Fifteen people with COPD and 14 family members engaged in 58 semi-structured interviews either face-to-face or by telephone. This study identified a difference in the essence of the lived experiences between male and female carers, and between spousal and non-spousal carers in relation to severe COPD. Previous reciprocity framed the level of acceptance of the caring role and perception of care burden. The stories highlight the self-perceived need for women carers to be <em>conscious micro-managers</em> of illness. Male family members would care alongside, lending support and caring in a reactive way as specific needs or crises arose. Caring in COPD required a <em>binding vigilance</em>; a constant need of the carer to monitor the physical and emotional well-being of the sick person that bound them emotionally and cognitively to the task of caring. Carers were the managers of crises and families cared from a perspective of possible death. Family was perceived as the best thing in life. Health professionals should consider the influence of gender, family relationships and the impact of reciprocity when planning support for family caregivers. Further research is required to identify the similarities and differences in family caring between COPD and other chronic illnesses, and to further understand the specific needs of male carers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document