scholarly journals Fusarium Keratitis—Review of Current Treatment Possibilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5468
Author(s):  
Marek Szaliński ◽  
Aleksandra Zgryźniak ◽  
Izabela Rubisz ◽  
Małgorzata Gajdzis ◽  
Radosław Kaczmarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Infectious Keratitis ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
The World ◽  
Therapeutical Options

In many parts of the world, fungi are the predominant cause of infectious keratitis; among which, Fusarium is the most commonly isolated pathogen. The clinical management of this ophthalmic emergency is challenging. Due to the retardation of the first symptoms from an injury and the inability to differentiate fungal from bacterial infections based on clinical symptoms and difficult microbial diagnostics, proper treatment, in many cases, is postponed. Moreover, therapeutical options of Fusarium keratitis remain limited. This paper summarizes the available treatment modalities of Fusarium keratitis, including antifungals and their routes of administration, antiseptics, and surgical interventions.

scholarly journals Mucormycosis: An Epidemic Associated with Pandemic- A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. SR1-SR6
Author(s):  
Mir Tabish Syeed ◽  
Ishita Mamgain ◽  
Diksha Sharma ◽  
Ishan Trisal
Keyword(s):  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
General Wellbeing

Different infections have been presenting danger to mankind every once in a while and in 2019 a serious respiratory illness (COVID-19) reported in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, became a threat to general wellbeing not only in China but all the nations throughout the world. COVID-19 disease which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is found to be associated with a wide range of opportunistic fungal and bacterial infections. Candidial and aspergillus infections leading to mucormycosis and orbital compartment syndrome have been reported to be the main co-infections in COVID-19 patients, which must be recognized and treated promptly to avoid any morbidity and mortality. Low oxygen environment, acidic medium, high glucose, decreased phagocytic activity and increased ferritin levels in addition to prolonged hospitalization with or without mechanical ventilators are considered as the main risk factors. Thus, the main aim of the article is to briefly survey and discuss about the types, causes, methods to prevent and treatment modalities of main co-morbidity of COVID 19 i.e. mucormycosis.

scholarly journals Emerging Medical Treatment for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 951
Author(s):  
Alessia Argirò ◽  
Mattia Zampieri ◽  
Martina Berteotti ◽  
Alberto Marchi ◽  
Luigi Tassetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Atpase Inhibitors ◽  
Left Ventricular Outflow

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common myocardial disease characterized by otherwise unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy. The main cause of disabling symptoms in patients with HCM is left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. This phenomenon is multifactorial, determined both by anatomical and functional abnormalities: myocardial hypercontractility is believed to represent one of its major determinants. The anatomical anomalies are targeted by surgical interventions, whereas attenuating hypercontractility is the objective of old and new drugs including the novel class of allosteric myosin inhibitors. This review summarizes the current treatment modalities and discusses the emerging therapeutical opportunities focusing on the recently developed cardiac myosin ATPase inhibitors Mavacamten and CK-274. Novel surgical and interventional approaches are also discussed.

Organization of restrictive quarantine measures to prevent especially dangerous infections

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Petr Ilyin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Health Regulations

Especially dangerous infections (EDIs) belong to the conditionally labelled group of infectious diseases that pose an exceptional epidemic threat. They are highly contagious, rapidly spreading and capable of affecting wide sections of the population in the shortest possible time, they are characterized by the severity of clinical symptoms and high mortality rates. At the present stage, the term "especially dangerous infections" is used only in the territory of the countries of the former USSR, all over the world this concept is defined as "infectious diseases that pose an extreme threat to public health on an international scale." Over the entire history of human development, more people have died as a result of epidemics and pandemics than in all wars combined. The list of especially dangerous infections and measures to prevent their spread were fixed in the International Health Regulations (IHR), adopted at the 22nd session of the WHO's World Health Assembly on July 26, 1969. In 1970, at the 23rd session of the WHO's Assembly, typhus and relapsing fever were excluded from the list of quarantine infections. As amended in 1981, the list included only three diseases represented by plague, cholera and anthrax. However, now annual additions of new infections endemic to different parts of the earth to this list take place. To date, the World Health Organization (WHO) has already included more than 100 diseases in the list of especially dangerous infections.

The Undiscovered Potential of Essential Oils for Treating SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (41) ◽  
pp. 5261-5277
Author(s):  
Peter J. Wilkin ◽  
Minnatallah Al-Yozbaki ◽  
Alex George ◽  
Girish K. Gupta ◽  
Cornelia M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
The World

On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) announced a pandemic caused by a novel beta-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, designated COVID-19. The virus emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has spread across the world as a global pandemic. The traditional use of medicines from plants can be traced back to 60,000 years. Global interest in the development of drugs from natural products has increased greatly during the last few decades. Essential oils (EOs) have been studied through the centuries and are known to possess various pharmaceutical properties. In the present review, we have highlighted the current biology, epidemiology, various clinical aspects, different diagnostic techniques, clinical symptoms, and management of COVID-19. An overview of the antiviral action of EOs, along with their proposed mechanism of action and in silico studies conducted, is described. The reported studies of EOs' antiviral activity highlight the baseline data about the additive and/or synergistic effects among primary or secondary phytoconstituents found in individual oils, combinations or blends of oils and between EOs and antiviral drugs. It is hoped that further research will provide better insights into EOs' potential to limit viral infection and aid in providing solutions through natural, therapeutically active agents.

The Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 623-638
Author(s):  
Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei ◽  
Fateme Karimi Dermani ◽  
Sara Malih ◽  
Nashmin Fayazi ◽  
Mohsen Sheykhhasan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cellular Source

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including disorders of cardiac muscle and vascular, is the major cause of death globally. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to intervene in the disease's pathogenesis and treatment. Stem cell-based therapies, as a regeneration strategy, cast a new hope for CVD treatment. One of the most well-known stem cells is mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), classified as one of the adult stem cells and can be obtained from different tissues. These cells have superior properties, such as proliferation and highly specialized differentiation. On the other hand, they have the potential to modulate the immune system and anti-inflammatory activity. One of their most important features is the secreting the extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes (EXOs) as an intercellular communication system mediating the different physiological and pathophysiological affairs. Methods: In this review study, the importance of MSC and its secretory exosomes for the treatment of heart disease has been together and specifically addressed and the use of these promising natural and accessible agents is predicted to replace the current treatment modalities even faster than we imagine. Results: MSC derived EXOs by providing a pro-regenerative condition allowing innate stem cells to repair damaged tissues successfully. As a result, MSCs are considered as the appropriate cellular source in regenerative medicine. In the plethora of experiments, MSCs and MSC-EXOs have been used for the treatment and regeneration of heart diseases and myocardial lesions. Conclusions: Administration of MSCs has been provided a replacement therapeutic option for heart regeneration, obtaining great attention among the basic researcher and the medical doctors.

The Pandemic of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Need for an Immediate Action (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mujib Ullah
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

UNSTRUCTURED Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses. Coronavirus also called COVID-19 is a new disease that has not been previously identified in humans. The World Health Organization has announced that COVID-19 is a pandemic. Currently there is no specific vaccine or treatment for COVID-19. Current treatment for COVID-19 is only supportive (treating the symptoms). There are no antiviral or vaccine options at this time. Therefore, it is time to bring collective efforts to treat or prevent a rapidly evolving pandemic of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Current Understanding of Novel Coronavirus: Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Approaches

Immuno ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-66
Author(s):  
Niraj Kumar Jha ◽  
Madhan Jeyaraman ◽  
Mahesh Rachamalla ◽  
Shreesh Ojha ◽  
Kamal Dua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Nano Medicine

An outbreak of “Pneumonia of Unknown Etiology” occurred in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019. Later, the agent factor was identified and coined as SARS-CoV-2, and the disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In a shorter period, this newly emergent infection brought the world to a standstill. On 11 March 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. Researchers across the globe have joined their hands to investigate SARS-CoV-2 in terms of pathogenicity, transmissibility, and deduce therapeutics to subjugate this infection. The researchers and scholars practicing different arts of medicine are on an extensive quest to come up with safer ways to curb the pathological implications of this viral infection. A huge number of clinical trials are underway from the branch of allopathy and naturopathy. Besides, a paradigm shift on cellular therapy and nano-medicine protocols has to be optimized for better clinical and functional outcomes of COVID-19-affected individuals. This article unveils a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis mode of spread, and various treatment modalities to combat COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals Liposomes as Antibiotic Delivery Systems: A Promising Nanotechnological Strategy against Antimicrobial Resistance

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2047
Author(s):  
Magda Ferreira ◽  
Maria Ogren ◽  
Joana N. R. Dias ◽  
Marta Silva ◽  
Solange Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs

Antimicrobial drugs are key tools to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Despite the early success of antibiotics, the current treatment of bacterial infections faces serious challenges due to the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Moreover, the decline of research and private investment in new antibiotics further aggravates this antibiotic crisis era. Overcoming the complexity of antimicrobial resistance must go beyond the search of new classes of antibiotics and include the development of alternative solutions. The evolution of nanomedicine has allowed the design of new drug delivery systems with improved therapeutic index for the incorporated compounds. One of the most promising strategies is their association to lipid-based delivery (nano)systems. A drug’s encapsulation in liposomes has been demonstrated to increase its accumulation at the infection site, minimizing drug toxicity and protecting the antibiotic from peripheral degradation. In addition, liposomes may be designed to fuse with bacterial cells, holding the potential to overcome antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation and constituting a promising solution for the treatment of potential fatal multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In this review, we aim to address the applicability of antibiotic encapsulated liposomes as an effective therapeutic strategy for bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Infective Aortic Valve Endocarditis Causing Embolic Consecutive ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarctions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kanksha Peddi ◽  
Alexander L. Hsu ◽  
Tomas H. Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Case ◽  
St Elevation

ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a rare and potentially fatal complication of infective endocarditis. We report the ninth case of embolic native aortic valve infective endocarditis causing STEMI and the first case to describe consecutive embolisms leading to infarctions of separate coronary territories. Through examination of this case in the context of the previous eight similar documented cases in the past, we find that infective endocarditis of the aortic valve can and frequently affect more than a single myocardial territory and can occur consecutively. Further, current treatment modalities for embolic infective endocarditis causing acute myocardial infarction are limited and unproven. This index case illustrates the potential severity of complications and the challenges in developing standardized management for such patients.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D in the Prevention of Pancreatic Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pubudu Bulathsinghala ◽  
Kostas N. Syrigos ◽  
Muhammad W. Saif
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Advanced Stages

Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy of poor prognosis which is mostly diagnosed at advanced stages. Current treatment modalities are very limited creating great interest for novel preventive and therapeutic options. Vitamin D seems to have a protective effect against pancreatic cancer by participating in numerous proapoptotic, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, prodifferentiating, and immunomodulating mechanisms. 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] serum concentrations are currently the best indicator of vitamin D status. There are three main sources of vitamin D: sun exposure, diet,and dietary supplements. Sun exposure has been associated with lower incidence of pancreatic cancer in ecological studies. Increased vitamin D levels seem to protect against pancreatic cancer, but caution is needed as excessive dietary intake may have opposite results. Future studies will verify the role of vitamin D in the prevention and therapy of pancreatic cancer and will lead to guidelines on adequate sun exposure and vitamin D dietary intake.

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