scholarly journals Hearing Loss and Risk of Overall, Injury-Related, and Cardiovascular Mortality: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Woncheol Lee ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
Hocheol Shin ◽  
Seungho Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Pure Tone Average ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Overall Mortality

Hearing loss (HL) has been related to cardiovascular risk factors as well as prevalence of cardiovascular disease itself. We evaluated the association of HL with overall, injury-related, and cardiovascular mortality. A cohort study included 580,798 Korean adults (mean age: 39.7) who attended a screening exam between 2002 and 2016 with a follow-up of up to 17 years. HL was defined as a pure-tone average of thresholds at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz ≥25 dB (decibels) in the better ear and further categorized into mild (25–<40 dB) and moderate-to-severe (≥40 dB). Overall and cause-specific mortality was ascertained through linkage to national death records. During median follow-up of 8.4 years, 6581 overall deaths, 977 cardiovascular deaths, and 1161 injury-related deaths were identified. Compared to participants with normal hearing, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for overall mortality among participants with mild and moderate-to-severe HL were 1.13 (1.05–1.21) and 1.30 (1.16–1.46), respectively. Corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for cardiovascular mortality were 1.32 (1.10–1.58) and 1.53 (1.16–2.01), respectively, and corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for injury-related mortality were 1.03 (0.81–1.31) and 1.64 (1.13–2.36), respectively. In this large cohort, HL was positively and independently associated with overall, cardiovascular, and injury-related mortality. A significantly elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality started from mild HL.

Visual acuity and risk of overall, injury-related, and cardiovascular mortality: the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Young Han ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
Hocheol Shin ◽  
Chul Young Choi ◽  
Seungho Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Vital Status ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Aims  The associations of visual impairment (VI) with cardio-metabolic risk factors have been reported but its association with cardiovascular mortality remains uncertain. Therefore, we evaluated the association of visual acuity (VA) with overall, injury-related, and cardiovascular mortality. Methods and results A cohort study was performed in 580 746 Korean adults (average age, 39.7 years) who were followed for a median of 8.1 years (maximum, 16 years). Presenting VA was measured by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. Visual acuity in the better vision eye was categorized as normal vision (≥0.8), lowered vision (0.5–0.8), mild visual impairment (VI) (0.3–0.5), or moderate to severe VI (&lt;0.3). Vital status and cause of death were ascertained through linkage to national death records. During 4 632 892.2 person-years of follow-up, 6585 overall deaths, 974 cardiovascular deaths, and 1163 injury-related deaths were identified. After adjustment for possible confounders, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall mortality among participants with lowered vision, minimal VI, and moderate to severe VI were 1.21 (1.13–1.29), 1.26 (1.15–1.37), and 1.54 (1.40–1.68), respectively, compared with those with normal vision. The corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for injury-related mortality were 1.12 (0.96–1.32), 0.98 (0.76–1.26), and 1.36 (1.04–1.79), respectively, and the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for cardiovascular mortality were 1.32 (1.12–1.57), 1.43 (1.15–1.77), and 2.41 (1.94–2.99). Conclusion  In this large cohort of young and middle-aged individuals, VI was associated with increased risk of mortality especially due to cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Association of Walnut Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality and Life Expectancy in U.S. Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2699
Author(s):  
Xiaoran Liu ◽  
Marta Guasch-Ferré ◽  
Deirdre K. Tobias ◽  
Yanping Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Estimate Life Expectancy ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Elder Adults ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Walnut consumption is associated with health benefits. We aimed to (1) examine the association between walnut consumption and mortality and (2) estimate life expectancy in relation to walnut consumption in U.S. adults. We included 67,014 women of the Nurses’ Health Study (1998–2018) and 26,326 men of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1998–2018) who were free of cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline. We used Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During up to 20 years of follow-up, we documented 30,263 deaths. The hazard ratios for total mortality across categories of walnut intake (servings/week), as compared to non-consumers, were 0.95 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91, 0.98) for <1 serving/week, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89, 0.99) for 1 serving/week, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82, 0.93) for 2–4 servings/week, and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79, 0.93) for >=5 servings/week (p for trend <0.0001). A greater life expectancy at age 60 (1.30 years in women and 1.26 years in men) was observed among those who consumed walnuts more than 5 servings/week compared to non-consumers. Higher walnut consumption was associated with a lower risk of total and CVD mortality and a greater gained life expectancy among U.S. elder adults.

Abstract 3484: Dietary Patterns And The Risk Of Mortality From All-causes, Cardiovascular Disease, And Cancer In Women

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin Heidemann ◽  
Matthias B Schulze ◽  
Oscar H Franco ◽  
Rob M van Dam ◽  
Christos S Mantzoros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Background: Few studies have investigated the impact of dietary patterns that reflect existing eating habits on the risk of all-cause or cause-specific mortality. Objective: To prospectively examine the relation between major dietary patterns and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among women of the Nurses’ Health Study. Methods: The participants included 72,113 women aged 35 to 55 years without a history of cancer, myocardial infarction, angina, coronary artery surgery, stroke, or diabetes at baseline. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis using information from five repeated, validated food frequency questionnaires that were administrated at baseline and every 2 to 4 years during the follow-up period (1984–2002). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to adjust for covariates including age, cigarette smoking, physical activity, body mass index, and further suspected risk factors. Results: Two major dietary patterns were identified. High prudent pattern scores represented high intakes of vegetables, fruit, legumes, fish, poultry, and whole grains, whereas high western pattern scores represented high intakes of red meat, processed meat, refined grains, french fries, condiments, and sweets and desserts. During 18 years of follow-up (633,516 person-years), we ascertained 6,011 deaths, including 3,139 cancer deaths and 1,154 cardiovascular deaths. After adjustment for potential confounders, the prudent diet was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR] = 0.83 for highest versus lowest quintile, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76 – 0.90, p for trend < 0.0001) and cardiovascular mortality (RR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60 – 0.87, p for trend = 0.0007), but not with cancer mortality (RR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.88 –1.11, p for trend = 0.87). The western pattern was directly associated with all-cause mortality (RR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.11–1.32, p for trend < 0.0001), cardiovascular mortality (RR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.00 –1.48, p for trend = 0.01), and cancer mortality (RR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.02–1.29, p for trend = 0.004). Conclusions: These data provide evidence that a high prudent pattern score and a low western pattern score may reduce the risk of total and cause-specific mortality.

Postdiagnostic dairy products intake and colorectal cancer survival in US males and females

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Liu ◽  
Wanshui Yang ◽  
Kana Wu ◽  
Shuji Ogino ◽  
Weibing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Health Study ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Overall Mortality

ABSTRACT Background To evaluate the association between postdiagnostic dairy intake and survival among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods This study analyzed data from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). Postdiagnostic dairy intake and other dietary and lifestyle factors were obtained from validated questionnaires. Individual dairy items including milk, cheese, yogurt, and so on were reported, and total, high-fat, and low-fat dairy intakes were derived. Results A total of 1753 eligible CRC cases were identified until 2012, from which 703 deaths were documented after a median follow-up time of 8.2 y, and 242 were due to CRC. Overall, when comparing those who consumed 21+ servings/wk with &lt;7 servings/wk, postdiagnostic total dairy intake did not show significant associations with CRC-specific mortality (HR: 1.35; 95% CI: 0.85, 2.13) or overall mortality (HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.67). However, high-fat dairy, including whole milk and cream cheese, was positively associated with overall mortality (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.65) but not significantly with CRC-specific mortality (HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.90) when comparing those who consumed 10.5+ servings/wk with &lt;3.5 servings/wk. For the same comparison, low-fat dairy, including skim or nonfat milk and cottage cheese, was inversely associated with overall mortality (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.92) but not CRC-specific mortality (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.29). Conclusions Total dairy products intake did not show significant association with CRC-specific or overall mortality. However, high intake of high-fat dairy products was associated with increased mortality, whereas low-fat dairy was associated with lower risk of overall mortality.

Abstract MP35: Physical Activity Before and After Cancer Diagnosis and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulette D Chandler ◽  
Deirdre Tobias ◽  
Jule E Buring ◽  
I-Min Lee ◽  
Daniel Chasman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Before And After ◽  
After Cancer ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background: Given the increased prevalence of cancer survivors in the United States, it is imperative to define risk factors for potential reductions in total and cause-specific mortality. Physical activity (PA) represents a promising target for intervention. Design: We prospectively evaluated PA from questionnaires before and after cancer diagnosis with total and cause-specific mortality among 13,297 subjects diagnosed with invasive cancer combined from the Physicians’ Health Study (PHS) (n=6328), Physicians’ Health Study II (PHS II) (n=912), and Women's Health Study (WHS) (n=6057). WHS and PHS participants were free of baseline cancer; PHS II participants reported no active cancer at baseline. We ascertained PA before and after an incident cancer diagnosis based on reports on repeated follow-up questionnaires. Death was ascertained by medical records and death certificates. Cox regression estimated combined hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality by PA adjusted for age, randomized treatments, BMI, and other lifestyle/demographic factors. We evaluated the interaction between PA before and after cancer diagnosis by comparing PA ≤1 versus ≥2 times/wk. Results: The mean follow-up after cancer diagnosis was 8.0, 7.5, and 5.2 y for WHS, PHS, and PHS II, respectively, during which there were 5623 deaths (WHS, 2164; PHS, 3269; PHS II; 190). Higher PA before cancer diagnosis was associated with significantly lower mortality. Compared with PA ≤ once/wk, the HRs (95% CIs) associated with PA 2-4 and >4 times/wk were 0.87 (0.82-0.93) and 0.88 (0.82-0.94) for total mortality; 0.77 (0.63-0.95) and 0.79 (0.62-0.997) for CVD mortality, and 0.90 (0.83-0.98) and 0.90 (0.83-0.98) for cancer mortality. Higher PA after cancer diagnosis was associated with significantly lower total and cancer mortality and non-significantly lower CVD mortality, with HRs (95% CIs) of 0.65 (0.58-0.72) and 0.66 (0.59-0.73) for total mortality; 0.78 (0.59-1.03) and 0.82 (0.61-1.10) for CVD mortality, and 0.66 (0.57-0.77) and 0.64 (0.55-0.74) for cancer mortality. There was a significant interaction of PA before and after cancer diagnosis for total (p int =0.02) and cancer (p int =0.007) mortality, but not CVD mortality (p int =0.38). Conclusions: Greater PA both before and after cancer diagnosis were significantly associated with lower total and cancer mortality. Higher PA before cancer diagnosis was also associated with lower CVD mortality. PA may be an important target for lower mortality after cancer diagnosis.

scholarly journals Endoscopic follow-up of cyanoacrylate obliteration of gastric varices

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Prata Martins ◽  
Erika Pereira de Macedo ◽  
Gustavo Andrade de Paulo ◽  
Frank Shigueo Nakao ◽  
José Celso Ardengh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Gastric Varices ◽  
Study Endpoint ◽  
Mild Abdominal Pain ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Overall Mortality

Bleeding from gastric varices is a life-threatening condition. We report our experience with cyanoacrylate injection. Twenty three patients with portal hypertension and gastric varices underwent intra-variceal injection of a cyanoacrylate/lipiodol solution (1:1). Study endpoint was variceal obliteration. Mean follow-up was 25.3 months. Variceal obliteration was achieved in 87% of patients. Recurrence occurred in one patient (4.3%) and rebleeding in another case (4.3%). Mild abdominal pain was described in 13% of patients. Overall mortality was 21.7% and rebleeding related mortality rate was 4.3%. Our results confirm that cyanoacrylate injection is effective and safe to eradicate gastric varices.

Abstract P382: Fried Food Consumption is Associated with a Higher Risk of Heart Failure among US Male Physicians

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Djousse ◽  
Andrew Petrone ◽  
John M Gaziano
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Fried Food ◽  
Hazard Ratios

Background: While previous studies have reported a positive relation of fried food consumption with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, no previous study has examined the relation of total fried food intake with risk of heart failure (HF) in a prospective cohort. Objective: To test the hypothesis that fried food consumption is positively associated with risk of HF in male physicians. Methods: A prospective cohort of 19,968 participants from the Physicians’ Health Study. Frequency of fried food consumption was assessed between 1999 and 2002 using a food frequency questionnaire and HF was ascertained through annual follow-up questionnaires with validation in a subsample. We used Cox regression to estimate multivariable adjusted hazard ratios of HF. Results: During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 862 cases of HF occurred. The mean age at baseline was 66.4 ± 9.2 years. Median frequency of fried food consumption was <1 time per week. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) were: 1.0 (ref), 1.18 (1.01-1.37), 1.25 (1.02-1.54), and 1.68 (1.19-2.36) for fried food consumption of <1/week, 1-3/week, 4-6/week, and 7+/week, respectively (p for linear trend: 0.0004), after adjustment for age, alcohol use, smoking, exercise, and history of myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graph or angioplasty (Fig). Additional adjustment of total trans fats did not alter the findings. In a secondary analysis, body mass index did not modify the relation of fried foods with HF risk. Conclusions: Our data show a positive association between fried food intake and risk of HF in US male physicians.

scholarly journals Menstrual cycle regularity and length across the reproductive lifespan and risk of premature mortality: prospective cohort study

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m3464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Xin Wang ◽  
Mariel Arvizu ◽  
Janet W Rich-Edwards ◽  
Jennifer J Stuart ◽  
JoAnn E Manson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Hazard Ratios

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether irregular or long menstrual cycles throughout the life course are associated with all cause and cause specific premature mortality (age <70 years).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingNurses’ Health Study II (1993-2017).Participants79 505 premenopausal women without a history of cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes and who reported the usual length and regularity of their menstrual cycles at ages 14-17 years, 18-22 years, and 29-46 years.Main outcome measuresHazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all cause and cause specific premature mortality (death before age 70 years) were estimated from multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsDuring 24 years of follow-up, 1975 premature deaths were documented, including 894 from cancer and 172 from cardiovascular disease. Women who reported always having irregular menstrual cycles experienced higher mortality rates during follow-up than women who reported very regular cycles in the same age ranges. The crude mortality rate per 1000 person years of follow-up for women reporting very regular cycles and women reporting always irregular cycles were 1.05 and 1.23 for cycle characteristics at ages 14-17 years, 1.00 and 1.37 for cycle characteristics at ages 18-22 years, and 1.00 and 1.68 for cycle characteristics at ages 29-46 years. The corresponding multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for premature death during follow-up were 1.18 (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.37), 1.37 (1.09 to 1.73), and 1.39 (1.14 to 1.70), respectively. Similarly, women who reported that their usual cycle length was 40 days or more at ages 18-22 years and 29-46 years were more likely to die prematurely than women who reported a usual cycle length of 26-31 days in the same age ranges (1.34, 1.06 to 1.69; and 1.40, 1.17 to 1.68, respectively). These relations were strongest for deaths related to cardiovascular disease. The higher mortality associated with long and irregular menstrual cycles was slightly stronger among current smokers.ConclusionsIrregular and long menstrual cycles in adolescence and adulthood are associated with a greater risk of premature mortality (age <70 years). This relation is slightly stronger among women who smoke.

scholarly journals Intake of whole grain foods and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective cohort studies

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m2206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Hu ◽  
Ming Ding ◽  
Laura Sampson ◽  
Walter C Willett ◽  
JoAnn E Manson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Grain Foods

Abstract Objective To examine the associations between the intake of total and individual whole grain foods and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Design Prospective cohort studies. Setting Nurses’ Health Study (1984-2014), Nurses’ Health Study II (1991-2017), and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2016), United States. Participants 158 259 women and 36 525 men who did not have type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. Main outcome measures Self-reports of incident type 2 diabetes by participants identified through follow-up questionnaires and confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire. Results During 4 618 796 person years of follow-up, 18 629 participants with type 2 diabetes were identified. Total whole grain consumption was categorized into five equal groups of servings a day for the three cohorts. After adjusting for lifestyle and dietary risk factors for diabetes, participants in the highest category for total whole grain consumption had a 29% (95% confidence interval 26% to 33%) lower rate of type 2 diabetes compared with those in the lowest category. For individual whole grain foods, pooled hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for type 2 diabetes in participants consuming one or more servings a day compared with those consuming less than one serving a month were 0.81 (0.77 to 0.86) for whole grain cold breakfast cereal, 0.79 (0.75 to 0.83) for dark bread, and 1.08 (1.00 to 1.17) for popcorn. For other individual whole grains with lower average intake levels, comparing consumption of two or more servings a week with less than one serving a month, the pooled hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.79 (0.75 to 0.83) for oatmeal, 0.88 (0.82 to 0.94) for brown rice, 0.85 (0.80 to 0.90) for added bran, and 0.88 (0.78 to 0.98) for wheat germ. Spline regression showed a non-linear dose-response association between total whole grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes where the rate reduction slightly plateaued at more than two servings a day (P<0.001 for curvature). For whole grain cold breakfast cereal and dark bread, the rate reduction plateaued at about 0.5 servings a day. For consumption of popcorn, a J shaped association was found where the rate of type 2 diabetes was not significantly raised until consumption exceeded about one serving a day. The association between higher total whole grain intake and lower risk of type 2 diabetes was stronger in individuals who were lean than in those who were overweight or obese (P=0.003 for interaction), and the associations did not vary significantly across levels of physical activity, family history of diabetes, or smoking status. Conclusion Higher consumption of total whole grains and several commonly eaten whole grain foods, including whole grain breakfast cereal, oatmeal, dark bread, brown rice, added bran, and wheat germ, was significantly associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. These findings provide further support for the current recommendations of increasing whole grain consumption as part of a healthy diet for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Farming tasks and the development of rheumatoid arthritis in the agricultural health study

2019 ◽  
pp. oemed-2018-105361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine G Parks ◽  
Armando Meyer ◽  
Laura E Beane Freeman ◽  
Jonathan Hofmann ◽  
Dale P Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Agricultural Health ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Agricultural Health Study

ObjectivesFarming has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some studies have evaluated the effects of pesticides, but other agricultural exposures may also affect immune response.MethodsWe investigated non-pesticide agricultural exposures in relation to RA in licensed pesticide applicators (n=27 175, mostly male farmers) and their spouses (n=22 231) in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) cohort (1993–1997) who completed at least one follow-up survey through 2015. Incident RA cases (n=229 applicators and 249 spouses) were identified based on self-report confirmed by use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or medical records. Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for applicator status, state, smoking, education and specific pesticide use, allowing estimates to vary by median age when hazards assumptions were not met.ResultsOverall, RA was associated with regularly applying chemical fertilisers (HR=1.50; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.02), using non-gasoline solvents (HR=1.40; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.80), and painting (HR=1.26; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.59). In older applicators (>62 years), RA was associated with driving combines (HR=2.46; 95% CI 1.05 to 5.78) and milking cows (HR=2.56; 95% CI 1.01 to 6.53). In younger participants (≤62 years), RA was inversely associated with raising animals as well as crops (HR=0.68; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.89 vs crops only). Associations with specific crops varied by age: some (eg, hay) were inversely associated with RA in younger participants, while others (eg, alfalfa) were associated with RA in older participants.ConclusionThese findings suggest several agricultural tasks and exposures may contribute to development of RA.

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