A Fast and Low-Cost Human Body 3D Scanner Using 100 Cameras

The human body is one of the most complicated objects to model because of its complex features, non-rigidity, and the time required to take body measurements. Basic technologies available in this field range from small and low-cost scanners that must be moved around the body to large and high-cost scanners that can capture all sides of the body simultaneously. This paper presents an image-based scanning system which employs the structure-from-motion method. The design and development process of the scanner includes its physical structure, electronic components, and the algorithms used for extracting 3D data. In addition to the accuracy, which is one of the main parameters to consider when choosing a 3D scanner, the time and cost of the system are among the most important parameters for evaluating a scanner system in the field of human scanning. Because of the non-static nature of the human body, the scanning time is particularly important. On the other hand, a high-cost system may lead to limited use of such systems. The design developed in this paper, which utilizes 100 cameras, facilitates the acquisition of geometric data in a fraction of a second (0.001 s) and provides the capabilities of large, freestanding scanners at a price akin to that of smaller, mobile ones.

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Identification and Experimental Validation of Damping Ratios of Different Human Body Segments Through Anthropometric Vibratory Model in Standing Posture

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2720917 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 129 (4) ◽

pp. 566-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

T. C. Gupta

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Damping Ratio ◽

Physical Structure ◽

The Body ◽

Anthropometric Data ◽

Body Segments ◽

Lumped Parameter ◽

Mass Damper ◽

Linear Spring ◽

Experimental Response

A 15degrees of freedom lumped parameter vibratory model of human body is developed, for vertical mode vibrations, using anthropometric data of the 50th percentile US male. The mass and stiffness of various segments are determined from the elastic modulii of bones and tissues and from the anthropometric data available, assuming the shape of all the segments is ellipsoidal. The damping ratio of each segment is estimated on the basis of the physical structure of the body in a particular posture. Damping constants of various segments are calculated from these damping ratios. The human body is modeled as a linear spring-mass-damper system. The optimal values of the damping ratios of the body segments are estimated, for the 15degrees of freedom model of the 50th percentile US male, by comparing the response of the model with the experimental response. Formulating a similar vibratory model of the 50th percentile Indian male and comparing the frequency response of the model with the experimental response of the same group of subjects validate the modeling procedure. A range of damping ratios has been considered to develop a vibratory model, which can predict the vertical harmonic response of the human body.

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Real-Time Motion Capture for a Human Body using Accelerometers

Robotica ◽

10.1017/s0263574701003319 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 601-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jihong Lee ◽

Insoo Ha

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Motion Capture ◽

Human Body ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Low Cost ◽

Human Motion ◽

The Body ◽

Sensor Data ◽

Time Motion ◽

Gravity Acceleration

In this paper we propose a set of techniques for a real-time motion capture of a human body. The proposed motion capture system is based on low cost accelerometers, and is capable of identifying the body configuration by extracting gravity-related terms from the sensor data. One sensor unit is composed of 3 accelerometers arranged orthogonally to each other, and is capable of identifying 2 rotating angles of joints with 2 degrees of freedom. A geometric fusion technique is applied to cope with the uncertainty of sensor data. A practical calibration technique is also proposed to handle errors in aligning the sensing axis to the coordination axis. In the case where motion acceleration is not negligible compared with gravity acceleration, a compensation technique to extract gravity acceleration from the sensor data is proposed. Experimental results not only for individual techniques but also for human motion capturing with graphics are included.

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RGB-D-Based Framework to Acquire, Visualize and Measure the Human Body for Dietetic Treatments

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20133690 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (13) ◽

pp. 3690

Author(s):

Andrés Fuster-Guilló ◽

Jorge Azorín-López ◽

Marcelo Saval-Calvo ◽

Juan Miguel Castillo-Zaragoza ◽

Nahuel Garcia-D’Urso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

3D Models ◽

Obesity Treatment ◽

The Body ◽

3D Data ◽

Real Objects ◽

Multimedia Technologies ◽

Treatment Of Obesity

This research aims to improve dietetic-nutritional treatment using state-of-the-art RGB-D sensors and virtual reality (VR) technology. Recent studies show that adherence to treatment can be improved using multimedia technologies. However, there are few studies using 3D data and VR technologies for this purpose. On the other hand, obtaining 3D measurements of the human body and analyzing them over time (4D) in patients undergoing dietary treatment is a challenging field. The main contribution of the work is to provide a framework to study the effect of 4D body model visualization on adherence to obesity treatment. The system can obtain a complete 3D model of a body using low-cost technology, allowing future straightforward transference with sufficient accuracy and realistic visualization, enabling the analysis of the evolution (4D) of the shape during the treatment of obesity. The 3D body models will be used for studying the effect of visualization on adherence to obesity treatment using 2D and VR devices. Moreover, we will use the acquired 3D models to obtain measurements of the body. An analysis of the accuracy of the proposed methods for obtaining measurements with both synthetic and real objects has been carried out.

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HAND 3D SCANNING POSSIBILITIES

Acta Tecnología ◽

10.22306/atec.v6i4.88 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 105-110

Author(s):

Monika Michalíková ◽

Lucia Bednarčíková ◽

Branko Štefanovič ◽

Mária Danko ◽

Marianna Trebuňová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Low Cost ◽

3D Scanning ◽

Orthotic Devices ◽

Digital Models ◽

3D Scanner ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Innovative Method ◽

Shape Characteristics

3D scanning as an innovative method of obtaining specific substrates for the design of prosthetic-orthotic devices is now becoming increasingly popular. The advantages of this technology over the classic way of taking the dimensional and shape characteristics of parts of the human body are its non-invasiveness, speed, archiving and, more recently, the possibility of using a low-cost 3D scanner, thus reducing economic demands and making the technology available to most orthopaedic technicians. The article offers a comprehensive overview of the correct positioning of the hand and fingers for selected types of gripping as well as possible complications in their scanning, for the achievement of correct digital models applicable to the design of personalized orthotic devices.

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Opening up a New Field of Modern Medical Research 1

10.31219/osf.io/zgf28 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoguang Li

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Human Body ◽

Low Cost ◽

Acupuncture Point ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Body Structure ◽

Special Effect ◽

Special Knowledge ◽

Opening Up

Modern medicine tells us that the human body is an organism composed of heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, stomach, brain, nerves, muscles, bones, blood vessels, blood and so on, while traditional Chinese medicine believes that besides these tissues and organs, the human body still has another part of the structure, traditional Chinese medicine calls them Jing Luo and Shu Xue. Jing Luo means the longitudinal line of the human body and the accompanying net, translated into English Meridians and Collaterals. Shu Xue means holes distributed on Jing Luo and outside Jing Luo, because stimulating Shu Xue's position by acupuncture, massage and other methods can cure diseases, so Shu Xue is translated into English acupuncture point, abbreviated as acupoint or point. Meridians and acupoints are the special knowledge of human body structure in traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine not only draws the distribution map of the meridians and acupoints in the human body, but also has been using them to treat diseases for thousands of years. There are hundreds of these acupoints, stimulating each one by acupuncture, massage or other methods will have a special effect on the human body and can treat various diseases. But what effect does stimulating every acupoint have on the human body so that it can treat various diseases? The discussion of traditional Chinese medicine is vague and incomprehensible, and can not be proved by experiments. According to the author's research for more than 30 years, this paper makes a clear and accurate exposition of the effects on the human body and diseases that can be treated with acupoint massage. These statements can be proved by experiments, so they are believed to be reliable. It is hoped that meridians, acupoints and massage therapy can be incorporated into modern medicine and become a part of modern medicine after being proved by others through experiments. Massaging acupoints can not only treat many diseases that are difficult to be treated with drugs, but also have simple methods and low cost.

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Correction of Posture Deviations in the Sagittal Plane Using the Pilates Method

SPORT AND SOCIETY ◽

10.36836/uaic/fefs/10.50 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 3-13

Author(s):

Alexandru Cîtea ◽

George-Sebastian Iacob

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Postural Control ◽

Human Body ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

The Body ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Low Back ◽

Pilates Method ◽

The Relationship

Posture is commonly perceived as the relationship between the segments of the human body upright. Certain parts of the body such as the cephalic extremity, neck, torso, upper and lower limbs are involved in the final posture of the body. Musculoskeletal instabilities and reduced postural control lead to the installation of nonstructural posture deviations in all 3 anatomical planes. When we talk about the sagittal plane, it was concluded that there are 4 main types of posture deviation: hyperlordotic posture, kyphotic posture, rectitude and "sway-back" posture.Pilates method has become in the last decade a much more popular formof exercise used in rehabilitation. The Pilates method is frequently prescribed to people with low back pain due to their orientation on the stabilizing muscles of the pelvis. Pilates exercise is thus theorized to help reactivate the muscles and, by doingso, increases lumbar support, reduces pain, and improves body alignment.

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Representation of a Human Body: A Comparison Study between Balinese and Javanese Traditional House

Humaniora ◽

10.21512/humaniora.v11i2.6408 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 83-90

Author(s):

Anak Agung Ayu Wulandari ◽

Ade Ariyani Sari Fajarwati

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Human Body ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Comparison Study ◽

Architectural Drawing ◽

Study Approach ◽

The Comparative Study ◽

Head Area

The research would look further at the representation of the human body in both Balinese and Javanese traditional houses and compared the function and meaning of each part. To achieve the research aim, which was to evaluate and compare the representation of the human body in Javanese and Balinese traditional houses, a qualitative method through literature and descriptive analysis study was conducted. A comparative study approach would be used with an in-depth comparative study. It would revealed not only the similarities but also the differences between both subjects. The research shows that both traditional houses represent the human body in their way. From the architectural drawing top to bottom, both houses show the same structure that is identical to the human body; head at the top, followed by the body, and feet at the bottom. However, the comparative study shows that each area represents a different meaning. The circulation of the house is also different, while the Balinese house is started with feet and continued to body and head area. Simultaneously, the Javanese house is started with the head, then continued to body, and feet area.

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Preparation and Pharmacokinetic Study of Daidzein Long-Circulating Liposomes

Nanoscale Research Letters ◽

10.1186/s11671-019-3164-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Qiao Wang ◽

Wenjin Liu ◽

Junjun Wang ◽

Hong Liu ◽

Yong Chen

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Drug Concentration ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Plasma Drug Concentration ◽

The Body ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Terminal Phase ◽

Plasma Drug ◽

Ultrasonic Time ◽

Time Required

Abstract In this study, daidzein long-circulating liposomes (DLCL) were prepared using the ultrasonication and lipid film-hydration method. The optimized preparation conditions by the orthogonal design was as follows: 55 to 40 for the molar ratio of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) to cholesterol, 1 to 10 for the mass ratio of daidzein to total lipid (SPC and cholesterol) (w:w), the indicated concentration of 5% DSPE-mPEG2000 (w:w), 50 °C for the hydration temperature, and 24 min for the ultrasonic time. Under these conditions, the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of DLCL were 85.3 ± 3.6% and 8.2 ± 1.4%, respectively. The complete release times of DLCL in the medium of pH 1.2 and pH 6.9 increased by four- and twofold of that of free drugs, respectively. After rats were orally administered, a single dose of daidzein (30 mg/kg) and DLCL (containing equal dose of daidzein), respectively, and the MRT0−t (mean residence time, which is the time required for the elimination of 63.2% of drug in the body), t1/2 (the elimination half-life, which is the time required to halve the plasma drug concentration of the terminal phase), and AUC0−t (the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve, which represents the total absorption after a single dose and reflects the drug absorption degree) of daidzein in DLCL group, increased by 1.6-, 1.8- and 2.5-fold as compared with those in the free group daidzein. Our results indicated that DLCL could not only reduce the first-pass effect of daidzein to promote its oral absorption, but also prolong its mean resident time to achieve the slow-release effect.

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Embodying the culture of achievement: Culture between illness and perfection is a ‘thin line’ – obtaining the ideal female body as an act of achievement

Culture & Psychology ◽

10.1177/1354067x211004085 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1354067X2110040

Author(s):

Josefine Dilling ◽

Anders Petersen

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Human Body ◽

Female Body ◽

The Body ◽

Thin Line ◽

Complex Processes ◽

The Individual ◽

Different Levels ◽

The Ideal ◽

Body Ideals

In this article, we argue that certain behaviour connected to the attempt to attain contemporary female body ideals in Denmark can be understood as an act of achievement and, thus, as an embodiment of the culture of achievement, as it is characterised in Præstationssamfundet, written by the Danish sociologist Anders Petersen (2016) Hans Reitzels Forlag . Arguing from cultural psychological and sociological standpoints, this article examines how the human body functions as a mediational tool in different ways from which the individual communicates both moral and aesthetic sociocultural ideals and values. Complex processes of embodiment, we argue, can be described with different levels of internalisation, externalisation and materialisation, where the body functions as a central mediator. Analysing the findings from a qualitative experimental study on contemporary body ideals carried out by the Danish psychologists Josefine Dilling and Maja Trillingsgaard, this article seeks to anchor such theoretical claims in central empirical findings. The main conclusions from the study are used to structure the article and build arguments on how expectations and ideals expressed in an achievement society become embodied.

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A Feasibility Study of Kinematic Characteristics on the Upper Body According to the Shooting of Elite Disabled Archery Athletes

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18062962 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 2962

Author(s):

Tae-Whan Kim ◽

Jae-Won Lee ◽

Seoung-Ki Kang ◽

Kyu-Yeon Chae ◽

Sang-Hyup Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Upper Body ◽

Movement Trajectory ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Kinematic Characteristics ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Athletes With Disabilities ◽

Body Center ◽

Time Required

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the kinematic characteristics of the upper limb segments during the archery shooting of Paralympic Wheelchair Class archers (ARW2—second wheelchair class—paraplegia or comparable disability) and Paralympic Standing Class archers (ARST—standing archery class—loss of 25 points in the upper limbs or lower limbs), where archers are classified according to their disability grade among elite disabled archers. The participants of this study were selected as seven elite athletes with disabilities by the ARW2 (n = 4) and ARST (n = 3). The analysis variables were (1) the time required for each phase, (2) the angle of inclination of the body center, (3) the change of trajectory of body center, and (4) the change of the movement trajectory of the bow center by phase when performing six shots in total. The ARW2 group (drawing phase; M = 2.228 s, p < 0.05, holding phase; M = 4.414 s, p < 0.05) showed a longer time than the ARST group (drawing phase; M = 0.985 s, holding phase; M = 3.042 s), and the angle of the body did not show a significant difference between the two groups. Additionally, in the direction of the anteroposterior axis in the drawing phase, the change in the movement trajectory of the body center showed a more significant amount of change in the ARW2 group than in the ARST group, and the change in the movement trajectory of the bow center did not show a significant difference between the two groups.

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