scholarly journals Infections due to Rare Cryptococcus Species. A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Soraya E. Morales-López ◽  
Guillermo Garcia-Effron
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Cryptococcus Species ◽  
Cryptococcus Spp ◽  
High Mics

Infections due to rare Cryptococcus species (other than C. neoformans species complex, C. gattii species complex, C. albidus or C. laurentii) are barely reported. The aim of this work is to present a comprehensive literature review of all the papers describing infections due to these species referenced in the main databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar). Clinical and epidemiological data together with laboratory findings (identification and antifungal susceptibility) of each isolate were analyzed. Fifty-eight cryptococosis due to rare species were described in 46 papers between 1934–2018. These reports included 16 rare Cryptococcus spp. that were generally associated with nervous system infections and fungemias. Some species are non-capsulated and are not able to grow at 37 °C. Few species were identified by commercially available methods, making internal transcriber spacer (ITS) and D1/D2 regions sequencing mandatory. The most potent antifungal was amphotericin B (although some species showed high MIC values). The studied strains showed high MICs values to 5-fluorocytosine (all >64 µg/mL), echinocandins (all >8 µg/mL), and fluconazole (>80% of the MICs >4 µg/mL). Due to the scarcity of the data and the absence of guidelines for the treatment of these infections, this review could be informative and could help in the diagnosis and treatment of these infections.

scholarly journals Antifungal susceptibility and mutations in the squalene epoxidase gene in dermatophytes of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes species complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Kong ◽  
Chao Tang ◽  
Ashutosh Singh ◽  
Sarah A. Ahmed ◽  
Abdullah M.S. Al-Hatmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Squalene Epoxidase ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Serial Transfer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
High Mics

Background: During the past decade, a prolonged and serious outbreak of dermatophytosis due to a terbinafine-resistant novel species in the Trichophyton mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale complex is ongoing in India, and it spreads to several European countries. Objective: To investigate the molecular background of the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene in order to understand the risk of emergence and spread of multi-resistance in dermatophytes. Methods: Antifungal susceptibility for fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, naftifine, sertaconazole, and terbinafine was tested in 135 isolates from India, China, Australia, Germany and The Netherlands. Based on the latest taxonomic insights, strains were identified as three species: T. mentagrophytes s. str. (n=35), T. indotineae (n=64 representing the Indian clone) and T. interdigitale s. str. (n=36). Results: High minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of terbinafine (>16 mg/L) were found in 34 (53%) T. indotineae isolates. These isolates showed an amino acid substitution in the 397th position of the SQLE gene. Elevated MICs of terbinafine (0.5 mg/L) were noted in 2 (3%) T. indotineae isolates; these isolates lead to Phe415Val and Leu393Ser of the SQLE gene. Stability of the effect of the mutations was proven by serial transfer on drug-free medium. Substitutions of Lys276Asn and Leu419Phe were found in susceptible T. mentagrophytes strains. The double mutant Phe377Leu/Ala448Thr showed higher MIC values for triazoles. Conclusions: High MICs of terbinafine are as yet limited to T. indotineae, and are unlikely to be distributed through the T. mentagrophytes species complex by genetic exchange.

Pneumomediastinum: A Rare Presentation of Inflicted Injuries in Infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lee ◽  
Adam Bajinting ◽  
Abby Lunneen ◽  
Colleen M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Gustavo A. Villalona
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
Nonaccidental Trauma ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
History Of

AbstractReports of incidental pneumomediastinum in infants secondary to inflicted trauma are limited. A retrospective review of infants with pneumomediastinum and history of inflicted trauma was performed. A comprehensive literature review was performed. Three infants presented with pneumomediastinum associated with inflicted trauma. Mean age was 4.6 weeks. All patients underwent diagnostic studies, as well as a standardized evaluation for nonaccidental trauma. All patients with pneumomediastinum were resolved at follow-up. Review of the literature identified other cases with similar presentations with related oropharyngeal injuries. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in previously healthy infants may be associated with inflicted injuries. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of an oropharyngeal perforation related to this presentation.

Evaluation of epidemiological data on effect of therapy with Ipigrix® on motor and sensory functions in ambulatory patients with various diseases ofperipheral nervous system

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
O. S. Levin ◽  
O. V. Matvievskaya
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Effect Of Therapy ◽  
Sensory Functions

The article contains a comprehensive analysis of the summary epidemiological data obtained during the observational study to assess the effect of therapy with Ipigrix® on the dynamics of motor and sensory functions, as well as the severity of pain in outpatient patients with various diseases of the peripheral nervous system: mononeuropathy, polyneuropathy and polyradiculopathy of various origins.

Conceptualización del desempeño exportador: análisis de los avances en la literatura de los negocios internacionales

Oikos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (40) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Roberto Horta
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review

RESUMENEl objetivo de este artículo es el de analizar el concepto “desempeño exportador”, concepto muy usado en la literatura relacionada con los negocios internacionales, a los efectos de aportar a su conceptualización y medición. Para ello, se efectúa una amplia revisión de la literatura y se analizan los avances realizados por los investigadores a los efectos de aportar a las dimensiones y formas de medir este concepto. Se concluye que se trata de un concepto en el cual siguen existiendo diversos enfoques, aunque existen avances importantes en la forma de operacionalizar el desempeño exportador.Palabras clave: conceptualización, desempeño exportador, negocios internacionales.Conceptualization of export performance: analysis of developments in the literature of international business ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to analyze the concept of "export performance" concept very use in the literature of international business, in order to contribute to its conceptualization and measurement. For this, a comprehensive literature review is performed and the progress made by researchers to contribute to the dimensions and ways of measuring this concept is discussed. Concluded that it is a concept which still exist several approaches, although there are significant advances in how to operationalize export performance.Keywords: conceptualization, export performance, international business.Conceptualização do desempenho exportador: a análise dos avanços na literatura dos negócios internacionais RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o conceito de "desempenho exportador", conceito utilizado amplamente na literatura sobre negócios internacionais, aos efeitos de contribuir para a conceituação e medição. Para fazer isso, se faz uma extensa revisão da literatura e analisam-se os avanços realizados pelos pesquisadores aos efeitos de contribuir nas dimensões e formas de medir este conceito. Conclui-se que se trata de um conceito no qual continuam existindo diversas abordagens, apesar dos avanços significativos na forma de operacionalizar o desempenho exportador.Palavras-chave: conceituação, desempenho exportador, negócios internacionais.

Exploring the Chemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Triazoles: A Comprehensive Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 1298-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Jain ◽  
Poonam Piplani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The Common

: Triazole is a valuable platform in medicinal chemistry, possessing assorted pharmacological properties, which could play a major role in the common mechanisms associated with various disorders like cancer, infections, inflammation, convulsions, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Structural modification of this scaffold could be helpful in the generation of new therapeutically useful agents. Although research endeavors are moving towards the growth of synthetic analogs of triazole, there is still a lot of scope to achieve drug discovery break-through in this area. Upcoming therapeutic prospective of this moiety has captured the attention of medicinal chemists to synthesize novel triazole derivatives. The authors amalgamated the chemistry, synthetic strategies and detailed pharmacological activities of the triazole nucleus in the present review. Information regarding the marketed triazole derivatives has also been incorporated. The objective of the review is to provide insights to designing and synthesizing novel triazole derivatives with advanced and unexplored pharmacological implications.

The Social Consequences of Phubbing

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariek Vanden Abeele
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expectancy Violations ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The Social

Recent empirical work suggests that phubbing, a term used to describe the practice of snubbing someone with a phone during a face-to-face social interaction, harms the quality of social relationships. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this chapter presents a framework that integrates three concurrent mechanisms that explain the relational impact of phubbing: expectancy violations, ostracism, and attentional conflict. Based on this framework, theoretically grounded propositions are formulated that may serve as guidelines for future research on these mechanisms, the conditions under which they operate, and a number of potential issues that need to be considered to further validate and extend the framework.

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