scholarly journals Applicability of Additives for Ground Improvement Utilizing Fine Powder of Waste Glass

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5169
Author(s):  
Shinya Inazumi ◽  
Ryo Hashimoto ◽  
Takashi Shinsaka ◽  
Supakij Nontananandh ◽  
Susit Chaiprakaikeow
Keyword(s):  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Inorganic Waste ◽  
The One ◽  
High Pressure Injection

As a solidifying material for ground improvement using inorganic waste as a raw material, the authors have been developing an additive mixture of the fine powder of waste glass containing a large amount of silica generated during the production of glass cullet and an alkaline aid (heat-treating type of “Earth-Silica; ES” additive). Furthermore, a solidifying material that solidifies by mixing this additive with the fine powder of blast furnace slag, which is a by-product of steel production, is also being developed. In this study, the authors reviewed the mixing process of the solidified materials, especially the one made with the heat-treating type of ES additive, omitting the heat treatment of the fine powder of waste glass and the alkaline aid and applying only the mixing treatment. As a result, a mixing type of ES additive was manufactured to simplify the manufacturing process, and the difference in the performance of the solidifying material, depending on the presence or absence of the heat-treating process during the additive manufacturing, was verified in terms of the effect on the solidifying action. Specifically, the solidifying materials to which the heat-treating type of ES additive and the mixing type of ES additive were added, respectively, were applied to the high-pressure injection stirring method, one of the ground-improvement methods. Various tests clarified the changes in viscosity of these solidifying materials over time and the acceleration of their solidifying rates when adding ordinary Portland cement separately.

scholarly journals Basic Properties of Pyrolysis carbon black of Waste Tyres and Application of Pyrolysis carbon black in Transition Layer Rubber of All Steel Radial Tire

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi LIU ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Radial Tire ◽  
Furnace Black ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

The main chemical composition of pyrolysis carbon black of waste tires is C, O, Cu, Zn and so on. The content of ash and fine powder in pyrolysis carbon black is high, and the 300% elongation stress is high. The difference between pyrolysis carbon black and furnace black N326, which is commonly used in rubber, is obvious compared with chemical property. The pyrolysis carbon black was used to replace furnace black N326 in the transition layer of all steel load Radial tire rubber through experimental study. It was found that the compression heat generation and dynamic loss (Tanδ) of the blend rubber before and after aging were obviously reduced, the elongation at break and resilience increased, while the tensile stress and tear strength decreased by 100% and 300% , but the hardness and tensile strength changed little before and after aging. According to the latest raw material price calculation, 15 used tire pyrolysis carbon black instead of furnace carbon black N326 used in all steel Radial tire transition layer rubber application, excluding labor costs, electricity and equipment depreciation, a ton of blended rubber saves about $22.86 in production costs.

Use of a Lyophilized Reference Plasma to Compare Coagulation Test Procedures

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 426-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kahan ◽  
I Nohén
Keyword(s):  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Coagulation Activity ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Measured Activity ◽  
Test Materials ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One

SummaryIn 4 collaborative trials, involving a varying number of hospital laboratories in the Stockholm area, the coagulation activity of different test materials was estimated with the one-stage prothrombin tests routinely used in the laboratories, viz. Normotest, Simplastin-A and Thrombotest. The test materials included different batches of a lyophilized reference plasma, deep-frozen specimens of diluted and undiluted normal plasmas, and fresh and deep-frozen specimens from patients on long-term oral anticoagulant therapy.Although a close relationship was found between different methods, Simplastin-A gave consistently lower values than Normotest, the difference being proportional to the estimated activity. The discrepancy was of about the same magnitude on all the test materials, and was probably due to a divergence between the manufacturers’ procedures used to set “normal percentage activity”, as well as to a varying ratio of measured activity to plasma concentration. The extent of discrepancy may vary with the batch-to-batch variation of thromboplastin reagents.The close agreement between results obtained on different test materials suggests that the investigated reference plasma could be used to calibrate the examined thromboplastin reagents, and to compare the degree of hypocoagulability estimated by the examined PIVKA-insensitive thromboplastin reagents.The assigned coagulation activity of different batches of the reference plasma agreed closely with experimentally obtained values. The stability of supplied batches was satisfactory as judged from the reproducibility of repeated measurements. The variability of test procedures was approximately the same on different test materials.

The Demand For Money in Pakistan: Reply (Notes and Comments)

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-375
Author(s):  
M. A. Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Complementarity Hypothesis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

I am grateful to Abe, Fry, Min, Vongvipanond, and Yu (hereafter re¬ferred to as AFMVY) [1] for obliging me to reconsider my article [2] on the demand for money in Pakistan. Upon careful examination, I find that the AFMVY results are, in parts, misleading and that, on the whole, they add very little to those provided in my study. Nevertheless, the present exercise as well as the one by AFMVY is useful in that it furnishes us with an opportunity to view some of the fundamental problems involved in an empi¬rical analysis of the demand for money function in Pakistan. Based on their elaborate critique, AFMVY reformulate the two hypo¬theses—the substitution hypothesis and the complementarity hypothesis— underlying my study and provide us with some alternative estimates of the demand for money in Pakistan. Briefly their results, like those in my study, indicate that income and interest rates are important in deter¬mining the demand for money. However, unlike my results, they also suggest that the price variable is a highly significant determinant of the money demand function. Furthermore, while I found only a weak support for the complementarity between money demand and physical capital, the results obtained by AFMVY appear to yield a strong support for that rela¬tionship.1 The difference in results is only a natural consequence of alter¬native specifications of the theory and, therefore, I propose to devote most of this reply to the criticisms raised by AFMVY and the resulting reformulation of the two mypotheses.

Effect of leakage and blockage on the acoustic behavior of particle filters

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-492
Author(s):  
Seonghyeon Baek ◽  
Iljae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Matrix ◽  
Particle Filters ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Filter System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Good Agreement

The effects of leakage and blockage on the acoustic performance of particle filters have been examined by using one-dimensional acoustic analysis and experimental methods. First, the transfer matrix of a filter system connected to inlet and outlet pipes with conical sections is measured using a two-load method. Then, the transfer matrix of a particle filter only is extracted from the experiments by applying inverse matrices of the conical sections. In the analytical approaches, the one-dimensional acoustic model for the leakage between the filter and the housing is developed. The predicted transmission loss shows a good agreement with the experimental results. Compared to the baseline, the leakage between the filter and housing increases transmission loss at a certain frequency and its harmonics. In addition, the transmission loss for the system with a partially blocked filter is measured. The blockage of the filter also increases the transmission loss at higher frequencies. For the simplicity of experiments to identify the leakage and blockage, the reflection coefficients at the inlet of the filter system have been measured using two different downstream conditions: open pipe and highly absorptive terminations. The experiments show that with highly absorptive terminations, it is easier to see the difference between the baseline and the defects.

SELISIH BIAYA PRODUKSI SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN MANAJEMEN PT INDO PUSAKA BERAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
SAFITRI NURHIDAYATI ◽  
RIZKI AMELYA SYAM
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to analyze whether the difference that occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs between the standard costs and the actual costs in PLTU LATI is a difference that is favorable or unfavorable. Data collection techniques with field research and library research. The analytical tool used is the analysis of the difference in raw material costs, the difference in direct labor costs and the difference in factory overhead costs. The hypothesis in this study is that the difference allegedly occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb is a favorable difference. The results showed that the difference in the cost of producing MWh electricity at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb in 2018, namely the difference in the price of raw material costs Rp. 548,029.80, - is favorable, the difference in quantity of raw materials is Rp. 957,216,602, - is (favorable) , the difference in direct labor costs Rp 2,602,642,084, - is (unfavorable), and the difference in factory overhead costs Rp 8,807,051,422, - is (favorable) This shows that the difference in the overall production cost budget is favorable or profitable. This beneficial difference shows that the company is really able to reduce production costs optimally in 2018.  

Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric and Liquid Chromatographic Methods for Estimation of Tigecycline in Injections

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 5148-5154
Author(s):  
Sagar Suman Panda ◽  
Ravi Kumar B.V.V.
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Equal Concentration ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Three new analytical methods were optimized and validated for the estimation of tigecycline (TGN) in its injection formulation. A difference UV spectroscopic, an area under the curve (AUC), and an ultrafast liquid chromatographic (UFLC) method were optimized for this purpose. The difference spectrophotometric method relied on the measurement of amplitude when equal concentration solutions of TGN in HCl are scanned against TGN in NaOH as reference. The measurements were done at 340 nm (maxima) and 410nm (minima). Further, the AUC under both the maxima and minima were measured at 335-345nm and 405-415nm, respectively. The liquid chromatographic method utilized a reversed-phase column (150mm×4.6mm, 5µm) with a mobile phase of methanol: 0.01M KH2PO4 buffer pH 3.5 (using orthophosphoric acid) in the ratio 80:20 %, v/v. The flow rate was 1.0ml/min, and diode array detection was done at 349nm. TGN eluted at 1.656min. All the methods were validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, stability, and robustness. The developed methods produced validation results within the satisfactory limits of ICH guidance. Further, these methods were applied to estimate the amount of TGN present in commercial lyophilized injection formulations, and the results were compared using the One-Way ANOVA test. Overall, the methods are rapid, simple, and reliable for routine quality control of TGN in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. 

Managing the Era of Multi-Cultural Leadership

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rahul ◽  
R. Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
Cultural Leadership ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Diverse Workforce ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Global Arena

Leaders in the global arena are the one who face the challenges never seen before, while coordinating work and managing relationship between team members coming from varied ethnic groups. Globalization has undoubtedly opened up endless growth opportunities for both, businesses and individuals, by collaborating with each other, but with certain inherent challenges. These challenges are the difference in the cultural background of the team members, which gets predominantly reflected in their behavior at workplace too. The cultural differences exist primarily due to differences in shared values, which form the basis for difference in perception and practices of decision making by an individual (Hofstede, 1980). Juana Bordas has rightly described that any business that fails to adapt their leadership style aligning with multi-cultural approach will find it difficult to thrive in a more colorful world. Leadership style has witnessed various facets of changing work environment that has demanded from leaders to modify their approach to adapt along and be effective and survive in the ever-changing environment of business (Bordas,2007).A cross-culture leader plays a significant role in knitting the diverse workforce into an efficient team; which requires a leader to very well understand the various dimensions of culture. This understanding of the leader enables him to learn about blending of leadership styles to address the challenges of such work environment. This paper is an extended work on 'Leadership in Cross-Cultural Environment – A Comparison of Asian and Non-Asian Managers' (Rahul and Ganesan, 2015). The extended research study has identified that enhanced work experience of cross-culture leaders enables them in effective team management, than the rise in designation, as it results in creation of hierarchical distance between the leaders and subordinates.

Defending the Difference

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Natural Entities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Dreyfus argues that there is a basic methodological difference between the natural sciences and the social sciences, a difference that derives from the different goals and practices of each. He goes on to argue that being a realist about natural entities is compatible with pluralism or, as he calls it, “plural realism.” If intelligibility is always grounded in our practices, Dreyfus points out, then there is no point of view from which one can ask about or provide an answer to the one true nature of ultimate reality. But that is consistent with believing that the natural sciences can still reveal the way the world is independent of our theories and practices.

scholarly journals Major Elements to Consider in Developing Ammonia Emission Factor at Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Incinerators

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2197
Author(s):  
Seongmin Kang ◽  
Joonyoung Roh ◽  
Eui-chan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

NH3 is one of the major substances contributing to the secondary generation of PM2.5; therefore, management is required. In Korea, the management of NH3 is insufficient, and the emission factor used by EPA is the same as the one used when calculating emissions. In particular, waste incineration facilities do not currently calculate NH3 emissions. In the case of combustion facilities, the main ammonia emission source is the De-NOx facility, and, in the case of a power plant with a De-NOx facility, NH3 emission is calculated. Therefore, in the case of a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incinerator with the same facility installed, it is necessary to calculate NH3 emissions. In this study, the necessity of developing NH3 emission factors for an MSW incinerator and calculating emission was analyzed. In addition, elements to be considered when developing emission factors were analyzed. The study found that the NH3 emission factors for each MSW incinerator technology were calculated as Stoker 0.010 NH3 kg/ton and Fluidized Beds 0.004 NH3 kg/ton, which was greater than the NH3 emission factor 0.003 NH3 kg/ton for the MSW incinerator presented in EMEP/EEA (2016). As a result, it was able to identify the need for the development of NH3 emission factors in MSW incinerators in Korea. In addition, the statistical analysis of the difference between the incineration technology of MSW and the NH3 emission factor by the De-NOx facility showed a difference in terms of both incineration technology and De-NOx facilities, indicating that they should be considered together when developing the emission factor. In addition to MSW, it is believed that it will be necessary to review the development of emission factors for waste at workplaces and incineration facilities of sewage sludge.

scholarly journals Possibilities of the Development of Edible Insect-Based Foods in Europe

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Magdalena Skotnicka ◽  
Kaja Karwowska ◽  
Filip Kłobukowski ◽  
Aleksandra Borkowska ◽  
Magdalena Pieszko
Keyword(s):  
Material Processing ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Edible Insect ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

All over the world, a large proportion of the population consume insects as part of their diet. In Western countries, however, the consumption of insects is perceived as a negative phenomenon. The consumption of insects worldwide can be considered in two ways: on the one hand, as a source of protein in countries affected by hunger, while, on the other, as an alternative protein in highly-developed regions, in response to the need for implementing policies of sustainable development. This review focused on both the regulations concerning the production and marketing of insects in Europe and the characteristics of edible insects that are most likely to establish a presence on the European market. The paper indicates numerous advantages of the consumption of insects, not only as a valuable source of protein but also as a raw material rich in valuable fatty acids, vitamins, and mineral salts. Attention was paid to the functional properties of proteins derived from insects, and to the possibility for using them in the production of functional food. The study also addresses the hazards which undoubtedly contribute to the mistrust and lowered acceptance of European consumers and points to the potential gaps in the knowledge concerning the breeding conditions, raw material processing and health safety. This set of analyzed data allows us to look optimistically at the possibilities for the development of edible insect-based foods, particularly in Europe.

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