scholarly journals Mathematical Analysis of Biodegradation Model under Nonlocal Operator in Caputo Sense

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 2787
Author(s):  
Rubayyi T. Alqahtani ◽  
Shabir Ahmad ◽  
Ali Akgül
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Euler Method ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Nonlocal Operator ◽  
Micropollutant Removal ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Recycle Ratio ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Non Local ◽  
The Impact

To lower the concentration of organic pollutants in the effluent stream, wastewater must be treated before being discharged into the environment. The question of whether wastewater treatment facilities can successfully reduce the concentration of micropollutants found in their influent streams is becoming increasingly pressing. The removal of micropollutants in treatment plants is investigated using a model that incorporates biodegradation and sorption as the key processes of micropollutant removal. This article provides the mathematical analysis of the wastewater model that describes the removal of micropollutant in treatment plants under a non-local operator in Caputo sense. The positivity of the solution is presented for the Caputo fractional model. The steady state’s solution of model and their stability is presented. The fixed point theorems of Leray–Schauder and Banach are used to deduce results regarding the existence of the solution of the model. Ulam–Hyers (UH) types of stabilities are presented via functional analysis. The fractional Euler method is used to find the numerical results of the proposed model. The numerical results are illustrated via graphs to show the effects of recycle ratio and the impact of fractional order on the evolution of the model.

Test of Mediation and Moderation between Employee Empathy and Customers’ Advocacy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Ahmad Afridi ◽  
Asad Shahjehan ◽  
Maqsood Haider ◽  
Dr Uzma Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
First Line ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Moderator

This study examined the impact of employee empathy on customers’ advocacy directly and indirectly through customers’ loyalty. Moreover, the interacting effect of customers’ trust was verified between the association of customers’ loyalty and advocacy. The attributes of the proposed model were examined in the context of first line employee and patients’ interactions. A total of 220 responses were collected for analysis from the private hospitals of Peshawar. The model fitness was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis and hypotheses were examined. Findings confirmed the positive and significant impact of employee empathy on customers’ advocacy. Further, the mediating effect was examined and found that loyalty partially mediates employee empathy and customers’ advocacy. Additionally, trust was found a significant moderator between the association of customer loyalty and advocacy. Furthermore, findings revealed that trust based loyalty significantly and positively mediates employee empathy and customers’ advocacy. Findings of the present study provide understanding for the service sector, particularly in healthcare, to enhance customers’ loyalty, advocacy, and trust through service employee’s empathic aptitude. Keywords: Employee empathy, Service Eco-system, Customers’ Loyalty, Customers’ Advocacy, Trust-Based Loyalty, Healthcare, S-D Logic

The impact of duration observations on precision of results GNSS measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 921 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Grishko
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Satellite Networks ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Actual Error ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

This paper shows that the accuracy of relative satellite measurements depend not only on the length of the baseline, as it is regulated by the rating formula of accuracy of GNSS equipment, but also on the duration of observations. As a result of the strict adjustment much redundant satellite networks with different duration of observations obtained covariance matrix of baselines, the most realistic reflecting the actual error of satellite observations. Research of forms of communication of these errors from length of the baseline and duration of its measurement is executed. A significant influence of solar activity on accuracy of satellite measurements, in general, leads to unequal similar series of measurements made at different periods, for example, in the production of monitoring activities. The model of approximation of the functional dependence of accuracy of the baseline from its length and duration of observations having good qualitative characteristics is offered. Based on the proposed model, we analyzed the dynamics of changes in measurement accuracy with an increase in observation time.

On modeling and dynamics of a multiple launch rocket system

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441002098224
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Xiaoting Rui ◽  
Guoping Wang ◽  
Jianshu Zhang ◽  
Qinbo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Multibody Systems ◽  
Euler Method ◽  
Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Analysis Problem ◽  
Dynamic Design ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rocket System ◽  
Complete Process

Dynamics analysis is currently a key technique to fully understand the dynamic characteristics of sophisticated mechanical systems because it is a prerequisite for dynamic design and control studies. In this study, a dynamics analysis problem for a multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) is developed. We particularly focus on the deductions of equations governing the motion of the MLRS without rockets by using a transfer matrix method for multibody systems and the motion of rockets via the Newton–Euler method. By combining the two equations, the differential equations of the MLRS are obtained. The complete process of the rockets’ ignition, movement in the barrels, airborne flight, and landing is numerically simulated via the Monte Carlo stochastic method. An experiment is implemented to validate the proposed model and the corresponding numerical results.

scholarly journals The impact of quarantine on Covid-19 infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
District Level ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Lower Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Infection Rate ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives: Coronavirushas had profound effects on people’s lives and the economy of many countries, generating controversy between the need to establish quarantines and other social distancing measures to protect people’s health and the need to reactivate the economy. This study proposes and applies a modification of the SIR infection model to describe the evolution of coronavirus infections and to measure the effect of quarantine on the number of people infected. Methods: Two hypotheses, not necessarily mutually exclusive, are proposed for the impact of quarantines. According to the first hypothesis, quarantine reduces the infection rate, delaying new infections over time without modifying the total number of people infected at the end of the wave. The second hypothesis establishes that quarantine reduces the population infected in the wave. The two hypotheses are tested with data for a sample of 10 districts in Santiago, Chile. Results: The results of applying the methodology show that the proposed model describes well the evolution of infections at the district level. The data shows evidence in favor of the first hypothesis, quarantine reduces the infection rate; and not in favor of the second hypothesis, that quarantine reduces the population infected. Districts of higher socio-economic levels have a lower infection rate, and quarantine is more effective. Conclusions: Quarantine, in most districts, does not reduce the total number of people infected in the wave; it only reduces the rate at which they are infected. The reduction in the infection rate avoids peaks that may collapse the health system.

scholarly journals An adaptive social distancing SIR model for COVID-19 disease spreading and forecasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Gounane ◽  
Yassir Barkouch ◽  
Abdelghafour Atlas ◽  
Mostafa Bendahmane ◽  
Fahd Karami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Theory ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
Epidemic Threshold ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Sir Epidemic ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Disease Spreading ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recently, various mathematical models have been proposed to model COVID-19 outbreak. These models are an effective tool to study the mechanisms of coronavirus spreading and to predict the future course of COVID-19 disease. They are also used to evaluate strategies to control this pandemic. Generally, SIR compartmental models are appropriate for understanding and predicting the dynamics of infectious diseases like COVID-19. The classical SIR model is initially introduced by Kermack and McKendrick (cf. (Anderson, R. M. 1991. “Discussion: the Kermack–McKendrick Epidemic Threshold Theorem.” Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 53 (1): 3–32; Kermack, W. O., and A. G. McKendrick. 1927. “A Contribution to the Mathematical Theory of Epidemics.” Proceedings of the Royal Society 115 (772): 700–21)) to describe the evolution of the susceptible, infected and recovered compartment. Focused on the impact of public policies designed to contain this pandemic, we develop a new nonlinear SIR epidemic problem modeling the spreading of coronavirus under the effect of a social distancing induced by the government measures to stop coronavirus spreading. To find the parameters adopted for each country (for e.g. Germany, Spain, Italy, France, Algeria and Morocco) we fit the proposed model with respect to the actual real data. We also evaluate the government measures in each country with respect to the evolution of the pandemic. Our numerical simulations can be used to provide an effective tool for predicting the spread of the disease.

scholarly journals A modified SEIR model to predict the behavior of the early stage in coronavirus and coronavirus-like outbreaks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfredo Angulo ◽  
José M. Ramírez ◽  
Dany De Cecchis ◽  
Juan Primera ◽  
Henry Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Seir Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Probable Site ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19 is a highly infectious disease that emerged in China at the end of 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic is the first known pandemic caused by a coronavirus, namely, the new and emerging SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. In the present work, we present simulations of the initial outbreak of this new coronavirus using a modified transmission rate SEIR model that takes into account the impact of government actions and the perception of risk by individuals in reaction to the proportion of fatal cases. The parameters related to these effects were fitted to the number of infected cases in the 33 provinces of China. The data for Hubei Province, the probable site of origin of the current pandemic, were considered as a particular case for the simulation and showed that the theoretical model reproduces the behavior of the data, thus indicating the importance of combining government actions and individual risk perceptions when the proportion of fatal cases is greater than $$4\%$$ 4 % . The results show that the adjusted model reproduces the behavior of the data quite well for some provinces, suggesting that the spread of the disease differs when different actions are evaluated. The proposed model could help to predict outbreaks of viruses with a biological and molecular structure similar to that of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Optimizing a Reverse Supply Chain Network for Electronic Waste under Risk and Uncertain Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1946
Author(s):  
Linh Thi Truc Doan ◽  
Yousef Amer ◽  
Sang-Heon Lee ◽  
Phan Nguyen Ky Phuc ◽  
Tham Thi Tran
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Reverse Supply Chain ◽  
Satisfactory Solution ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Objective Value ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Minimizing the impact of electronic waste (e-waste) on the environment through designing an effective reverse supply chain (RSC) is attracting the attention of both industry and academia. To obtain this goal, this study strives to develop an e-waste RSC model where the input parameters are fuzzy and risk factors are considered. The problem is then solved through crisp transformation and decision-makers are given the right to choose solutions based on their satisfaction. The result shows that the proposed model provides a practical and satisfactory solution to compromise between the level of satisfaction of constraints and the objective value. This solution includes strategic and operational decisions such as the optimal locations of facilities (i.e., disassembly, repairing, recycling facilities) and the flow quantities in the RSC.

scholarly journals A Two-Population Mortality Model to Assess Longevity Basis Risk

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Selin Özen ◽  
Şule Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Basis Risk ◽  
Mortality Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Population Mortality ◽  
Mortality Jumps ◽  
The Impact

Index-based hedging solutions are used to transfer the longevity risk to the capital markets. However, mismatches between the liability of the hedger and the hedging instrument cause longevity basis risk. Therefore, an appropriate two-population model to measure and assess longevity basis risk is required. In this paper, we aim to construct a two-population mortality model to provide an effective hedge against the basis risk. The reference population is modelled by using the Lee–Carter model with the renewal process and exponential jumps, and the dynamics of the book population are specified. The analysis based on the U.K. mortality data indicate that the proposed model for the reference population and the common age effect model for the book population provide a better fit compared to the other models considered in the paper. Different two-population models are used to investigate the impact of sampling risk on the index-based hedge, as well as to analyse the risk reduction regarding hedge effectiveness. The results show that the proposed model provides a significant risk reduction when mortality jumps and sampling risk are taken into account.

scholarly journals A Two Joint Neck Model to Identify Malposition of the Head Relative to the Thorax

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3297
Author(s):  
Philipp M. Schmid ◽  
Christoph M. Bauer ◽  
Markus J. Ernst ◽  
Bettina Sommer ◽  
Lars Lünenburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Biofeedback System ◽  
Simple Measurement ◽  
The Impact

Neck pain is a frequent health complaint. Prolonged protracted malpositions of the head are associated with neck pain and headaches and could be prevented using biofeedback systems. A practical biofeedback system to detect malpositions should be realized with a simple measurement setup. To achieve this, a simple biomechanical model representing head orientation and translation relative to the thorax is introduced. To identify the parameters of this model, anthropometric data were acquired from eight healthy volunteers. In this work we determine (i) the accuracy of the proposed model when the neck length is known, (ii) the dependency of the neck length on the body height, and (iii) the impact of a wrong neck length on the models accuracy. The resulting model is able to describe the motion of the head with a maximum uncertainty of 5 mm only. To achieve this high accuracy the effective neck length must be known a priory. If however, this parameter is assumed to be a linear function of the palpable neck length, the measurement error increases. Still, the resulting accuracy can be sufficient to identify and monitor a protracted malposition of the head relative to the thorax.

scholarly journals Analytical Model for Estimating the Impact of Changing the Nominal Power Parameter in LTE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
A. B. Vallejo-Mora ◽  
M. Toril ◽  
S. Luna-Ramírez ◽  
M. Regueira ◽  
S. Pedraza
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Radio Resource Management ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Power Parameter ◽  
Management Procedure ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Impact

UpLink Power Control (ULPC) is a key radio resource management procedure in mobile networks. In this paper, an analytical model for estimating the impact of increasing the nominal power parameter in the ULPC algorithm for the Physical Uplink Shared CHannel (PUSCH) in Long Term Evolution (LTE) is presented. The aim of the model is to predict the effect of changing the nominal power parameter in a cell on the interference and Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) of that cell and its neighbors from network statistics. Model assessment is carried out by means of a field trial where the nominal power parameter is increased in some cells of a live LTE network. Results show that the proposed model achieves reasonable estimation accuracy, provided uplink traffic does not change significantly.

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