scholarly journals Inequality and Dropout in Higher Education in Colombia. A Multilevel Analysis of Regional Differences, Institutions, and Field of Study

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3280
Author(s):  
María Inés Barbosa-Camargo ◽  
Antonio García-Sánchez ◽  
María Luisa Ridao-Carlini
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Social Opportunities ◽  
Personal Skills ◽  
Program Cycle ◽  
Different Levels

In Colombia, the gaps of regional inequalities and social opportunities permeate people’s economic, political, and social participation. Additionally, the initial endowments of individual and socioeconomic background, barriers to financial aid, and academic and personal skills restrict decision-making about studying. In this context, the main objective is to analyze the determinants of dropout rates in Colombia and the differences between the type of institutions, field of study, and regions. We used data from three public administrative agencies for the period 2000–2012. The methodology combines multiple correspondence analysis and a lineal hierarchical model to explain the effect of variables operating at different levels. As a result, we retained four dimensions to represent the individuals’ socioeconomic and financial conditions. The findings obtained from the multilevel model suggest the variation between institutions (11%) and the interaction between institutions and the program cycle (17.8%). It confirms the influence of inequities on desertion. The student chooses between programs with differences in fees and study costs in general, such as quality, social recognition, and employment. In sum, contextual and institutional disparities in the dropout phenomenon’s behavior are explained mainly by the supply conditions in these regions and the individuals’ socioeconomic backgrounds.

Mattering in digital labor

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-324
Author(s):  
Eliane Bucher ◽  
Christian Fieseler ◽  
Christoph Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
Digital Labor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose Online gig labor platforms bring together a global and fast-growing workforce to complete highly granular, remote and decontextualized tasks. While these environments might be empowering to some workers, many others feel disenfranchised and removed from the final product of their labor. To better understand the antecedents of continued participation in forms of crowdsourced digital labor, the purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between worker’s ability to create a narrative of their work mattering regardless, and their continued work engagement (WE) in these work setups. Design/methodology/approach The authors approach the relationship between individual mattering and digital WE through a longitudinal study among workers on the crowdworking platform Amazon Mechanical Turk. The authors further provide qualitative insight into individual perceptions of mattering based on essay data. Findings The authors develop a measure of mattering in crowdworking with four dimensions: reliance, social recognition, importance and interaction. Reliance is the most pronounced dimension, followed by interaction, importance and social recognition. In the final longitudinal model, only importance affects WE positively, while the other three mattering dimensions do not have a significant effect. Originality/value The findings indicate that individuals who feel that they themselves and their work “count” and “make a difference” will be more engaged in their digital labor. By clarifying the dimensionality of mattering in crowdwork and studying its differentiated effect on WE, the paper makes a contribution to research on crowdwork and the future of work. Beyond the theoretical contributions, the finding that perceived importance fosters WE has important implications for task and platform design.

Socioeconomic Status and the Frequency of Anger across the Life Course

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Schieman
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Previous studies suggest that older people report less anger. However, little is known about the relationship between age and the frequency of anger among individuals with different levels of education and economic circumstances. Using data from the 1996 General Social Survey ( N = 1,442), I examine the effects of age on anger across levels of education and objective and subjective economic conditions. A significant and positive age × education interaction suggests that the negative relationship between age and the frequency of anger is stronger at lower levels of education. Adjustment for social roles and economic conditions fails to account for the age × education interaction effect. In addition, differences in anger between individuals who reported worsening financial conditions and those who reported that their finances improved or stayed the same are greatest among the youngest age groups, and the gap decreases at successively older age levels. I discuss the ways that these results contradict recent findings of SES-based age differences in depressive emotions and physical health status.

scholarly journals Social Studies for Awareness of Toilet Facilities in Job to Achieve Environmental Sanitation

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Comfort Isuwa Jurmang
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Water System ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Water Closet ◽  
Different Levels

Social studies is a field of study concern with the study of people, places and environments. Ten children were randomly selected from five public primary schools in Jos to identify where people defecate through observations and interview. 100 % of the respondents did not know what water closet and lavatory are. Water closet is locally referred to as water system toilet. 100 % of them know toilet room, urinal, bathroom and pit latrines. Public institutions like Banks, Motor Parks, Fuel station and Public primary schools have different levels of provisions of toilets. Institutions that all have toilet facilities for the public are banks, and fuel stations. They observed that the toilets in banks are more kept neat than those at the fuel stations. The motor parks are worse in having toilet facilities. Only 20 % (1) of the motor parks inspected have toilet facilities. The remaining 80 % (4) did not have any toilet facilities. The 20 % (1) motor parks that has toilet, is privately run so that users pay N10 for using the toilet. 20 % (1) of the public schools have usable toilets. 80 % (4) schools include those without toilets completely and those with but never usable at all.

scholarly journals Multilingualism as a Tool of Marginalization or Empowerment in Pakistan: A Classroom Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Musarrat Azher ◽  
Riffat-un-Nisa Awan ◽  
Ghazala Noureen
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
English Language ◽  
University Education ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Public Schooling ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
University Classrooms ◽  
Different Levels

Pakistani educational system is dominated by multilingual phenomenon at all stages. The students with different levels of language proficiency enter university education where classrooms are dominated by multilingual phenomenon with the main adherence to English language. The major concerns of this study are: does multilingualism in Pakistani university classrooms transfer or inculcate any sense of marginalization or empowerment amongst the students at BS level; whether this sense of marginalization or empowerment can be related to their socioeconomic background and to their private and public schooling. The data were collected through a self-developed questionnaire from BS 3rd semester students enrolled in University of Sargodha. The questionnaire included close ended as well as open ended items which were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results revealed that students with low socio-economic background and public schooling were on the verge of marginalization and demotion which have developed a sense of low confidence in them. Students from private sector English medium schools were more confident, interactive, and participative in the classroom, hence empowered. The study concluded with some suggestion that universities may organize a zero semester for students to teach them a deficiency course of communication skills in English. Keywords: Multilingualism, Marginalization. Empowerment, University students  

scholarly journals Agro Informatics with its Various Attributes and Emergence: Emphasizing Potentiality as a Specialization in Agricultural Sciences—A Policy Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
P. K. Paul ◽  
P. S. Aithal ◽  
R. R. Sinha ◽  
Ricardo Saavedra ◽  
Bashiru Aremu
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Different Levels

Informatics is one of the important branches of Applied Sciences. It is a practicing area and also a field of study.  The applications of Informatics in different areas and knowledge field has created various subjects and among these, one of important and emerging is Agricultural Informatics; which is the Information Science and Technology applications in the agriculture as well allied areas. In other words, techniques and technologies of both the fields i.e. Informatics and Agriculture lead the birth of Agro Informatics. The management and analysis of agricultural data with the help of Computing and IT may also be called as Agricultural Informatics. There are many allied nomenclatures of the field, but all are related and closely connected. In short, it is also called as Agro Informatics. Initially, it was treated only as a practicing area in the agriculture, horticulture, and veterinary sciences; but gradually it is a study area with different levels of programs at various universities and institutions, internationally. However, in the developed nation it is more common and widely available. Agro Informatics is an interdisciplinary field and very diverse. There are many features and functions, roles due to its timely need. This is a conceptual and policy-based research hence various aspects of Agro Informatics including its feature, functions, stakeholders, technologies including allied branches are mentioned. The paper also highlighted the proposed and possible programs of this field in academics in the field of Agricultural Sciences, as an empirical and policy research.

KAPABILITAS KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN KEMAMPUAN DINAMIS PERUSAHAAN: PERAN MEDIASI DARI PEMBELAJARAN ORGANISASIONAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Maria Pampa Kumalaningrum ◽  
Rahmat Purbandono
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mediator Variable ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Different Levels

Dynamic capabilities are regarded as a strategic premise to creating, maintaining and upgrading sustainable competitiveness. Considering organizational learning as a mediator variable, this study tests the relationship between entrepreneurial capabilities and dynamic capabilities. More specifically, the factor analysis method was employed to verify that dynamic capabilities are comprised of four dimensions, i.e. environmental sensing capabilities, change and renewal capabilities, technological and organizational flexibility capabilities. The research used UMKM in Yogyakarta and Solo as research sample. It was found that entrepreneurial capabilities has a significantly positive effect on dynamic capabilities, while organizational learning, which has significantly positive effect on dynamic capabilities, plays a partial mediating role between the two. These findings indicate that companies can build dynamic capabilities through different levels of organizational learning in the context of innovative and proactive atmosphere. Keywords: Entrepreneurial Capabilities, Organizational Learning, Dynamic Capabilities,

From Adaptive Readiness to Adaptation Results: Implementation of Student Career Construction Inventory and Testing the Career Construction Model of Adaptation

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-75
Author(s):  
Kemal Öztemel ◽  
Elvan Yıldız Akyol
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
School Sample ◽  
Serial Mediation ◽  
Career Construction ◽  
Construction Model ◽  
Different Levels

This study evaluates the empirical applicability of the career construction model of adaptation (CCMA) by collecting evidence about the validity of the Student Career Construction Inventory (SCCI) from a sample of Turkish high school students and examining the relations between adaptive readiness, adaptability resources, adapting responses, and adaptation results. To test the model, we conducted two studies with samples of high school students in Ankara, Turkey ( n 1 = 251; n 2 = 694). In the first study, the SCCI was translated into Turkish and psychometric properties of the inventory were assessed. To validate the four-factor structure of the SCCI Turkish High School Form, two different levels of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied to 251 participants. The results of CFA demonstrated that the data for the SCCI Turkish high school sample fit the theoretical model very well. The internal consistency of the SCCI was determined as 0.72 for crystallizing, 0.75 for exploring, 0.85 for deciding, 0.73 for preparing, and 0.90 for the total. In the second study, the CCMA, consisting of four dimensions (adaptive readiness, adaptability resources, adapting responses, and adaptation results), was empirically tested by using the SCCI, which had been tested for validity in the first study. The results of serial mediation analysis supported the CCMA, indicating that adaptive readiness indirectly influenced adaptability resources, adapting responses, and adaptation results.

scholarly journals SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF MEANINGS ABOUT PREGNANCY-MOTHERHOOD AMONG ADOLESCENTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1147
Author(s):  
Nayara Bueno de Araujo ◽  
Edir Nei Teixeira Mandú
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Pregnant Adolescents ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social Opportunities ◽  
Family Constitution

ABSTRACT This study aimed to comprehend the social construction of meanings about pregnancy-motherhood among pregnant adolescents. An explicative study, conducted in 2014, with 12 adolescents, using individual and group interview, local context observation, consultation of documents and precepts of Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis. The meaning of compatibility between pregnancy and adolescence was found, and the contraposition to the dominant discourse of adolescent pregnancy as a problem. The event answered that to which teenagers projected for themselves, in a restricted context of social opportunities. They valued it as a social ideal of maternity and family constitution, foreseeing social recognition, evidence of femininity and greater power and autonomy. However, these gains showed themselves crossed by difficulties seen, such as confronting the family evaluation and the "painful" parity. The comprehension contextualized of these meanings and of the social and ideological content is essential to the development of a higher degree of autonomy-accountability of adolescents.

scholarly journals Exercise Participation Motives and Engaging In Sports Activity among University of Ljubljana Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Cerar ◽  
Miran Kondrič ◽  
Nicolae Ochiana ◽  
Joško Sindik
Keyword(s):  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Exercise Participation ◽  
Participation Motives ◽  
Sports Activities

AIM: The main aim of this study was to examine differences in sport participation motives, the frequency of engaging in sports activities according to gender, region and field of study, but also the association between the incidence of engaging in sports activity and the motivation for sports activity of students at the University of Ljubljana.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five thousand two hundred seventy-one students completed The Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2), with additional questions about 12 socio-demographic parameters.RESULTS: The results reveal that most of the students are engaged in unorganized sports activities. Male students engage in sports activity more often than female students do. For male students, dominant participation motives are enjoyment, challenge, social recognition, affiliation, competition and strength but also endurance, for female students these are: stress and weight management, revitalisation, ill-health avoidance, positive health, appearance and nimbleness. Gender differences in participation motives are partly reflected also in differences according to the field of study. The correlations between the frequency of engaging in sports activity and the participation motives are mainly statistically significant. We did not find any significant differences in participation motives by region.CONCLUSION: In spite of these discouraging findings, increasing physical activity among students continues to be a national priority.m

scholarly journals The content of the components and characteristics of the ideal "Matrimonial way of life" in professional military men and women with different levels of social frustration of the personality

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Dzhaneryan ◽  
Darya Gvozdeva
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Ideal

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the content and characteristics of the ideal "Matrimonial way of life" in professional military men and women in connection with the levels of their social frustration. The study involved 60 officially married military personnel. The research methods were questioning, testing and methods of statistical data processing. The study showed that men are frustrated with their chosen profession and the way of life dictated by it, and women are frustrated with their position in the team and material income, which leads to psychological discomfort and decreasing of work capacity. It has been established that an important condition for the approximation of the ideal "Matrimonial way of life" for both men and women is the official marriage (regardless of the severity of social frustration). Along with this, for women with high and low levels of social frustration are important the territorial conditions for the approximation of ideal, and for women with moderate level of social frustration – financial conditions. The conditions for approximation the ideal in men do not depend on the levels of their social frustration – men want to make basic decisions in the family and financially provide for the family. In general, the level of social frustration of the personality determines the content of the components and characteristics of the ideal "Matrimonial way of life" in men and women, with the exception means of approaching the ideal, its scenario, internal consistency, as well as the conditions for its approximation in men. The results of this research can be applied in the work of psychologists of military units and garrisons.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document