scholarly journals Bioactivities of Lipid Extracts and Complex Lipids from Seaweeds: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Diana Lopes ◽  
Felisa Rey ◽  
Miguel C. Leal ◽  
Ana I. Lillebø ◽  
Ricardo Calado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Complex Lipids

While complex lipids of seaweeds are known to display important phytochemical properties, their full potential is yet to be explored. This review summarizes the findings of a systematic survey of scientific publications spanning over the years 2000 to January 2021 retrieved from Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases to map the state of the art and identify knowledge gaps on the relationship between the complex lipids of seaweeds and their reported bioactivities. Eligible publications (270 in total) were classified in five categories according to the type of studies using seaweeds as raw biomass (category 1); studies using organic extracts (category 2); studies using organic extracts with identified complex lipids (category 3); studies of extracts enriched in isolated groups or classes of complex lipids (category 4); and studies of isolated complex lipids molecular species (category 5), organized by seaweed phyla and reported bioactivities. Studies that identified the molecular composition of these bioactive compounds in detail (29 in total) were selected and described according to their bioactivities (antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and others). Overall, to date, the value for seaweeds in terms of health and wellness effects were found to be mostly based on empirical knowledge. Although lipids from seaweeds are little explored, the published work showed the potential of lipid extracts, fractions, and complex lipids from seaweeds as functional ingredients for the food and feed, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. This knowledge will boost the use of the chemical diversity of seaweeds for innovative value-added products and new biotechnological applications.

Methods and tools of ensuring the operational reliability of complex industrial facilities.

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
A. VAZHYNSKYI ◽  
◽  
S. ZHUKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Specific Element ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Artificial Neural

Approaches and algorithms for processing experimental data and data obtained as a result of using modern means of measuring equipment, selecting diagnostic parameters, pattern recognition, which constitute the methodological basis for developing methods and designing tools for creating a service system for complex industrial facilities based on predicting their performance and residual life are described in submitted article. Along with classical methods, methods based on using the full potential of the modern elemental base of microprocessor technology and the use of artificial neural networks, machine learning, and "big data" are discovered. The given examples can serve as the basis for constructing a methodology for the application of the considered approaches for organizing predictive maintenance of complex industrial equipment. An analytical review of a number of scientific publications showed that the creation of new automated diagnostic systems that can increase fault tolerance and extend the life of sophisticated modern power equipment is extremely relevant. For this, various approaches are applied, based on mathematical models, expert systems, artificial neural networks and other algorithms. Summarizing the results of scientific publications, it can be argued that the implementation of a systematic approach to the organization of repair service at the enterprise requires a comprehensive solution to the following urgent problems: • monitoring is formulated as the task of interrogating sensors and collecting information necessary for further analysis; • diagnostics, it is solved as tasks of identifying informative signs with further detection and classification of failures and anomalies in data sets; • improving the accuracy of algorithms aimed at pattern recognition; • condition forecasting is the task of assessing the current and accumulated readings of monitoring systems for making decisions regarding either a specific element of the complex or the facilities. Thus, modern technology make it possible to arrange arbitrarily complex algorithms. However, to use the full potential that artificial neural networks, expert systems, and classical methods for identifying and diagnosing equipment it is necessary to have a conceptual development of the foundations of building systems for organizing maintenance and repair of complex energy equipment

scholarly journals Enhancing the thermostability and activity of uronate dehydrogenase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 by semi-rational engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Hui Su ◽  
Fei Peng ◽  
Pei Xu ◽  
Xiao-Ling Wu ◽  
Min-Hua Zong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Glucaric Acid ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Abstract Background Glucaric acid, one of the aldaric acids, has been declared a “top value-added chemical from biomass”, and is especially important in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Biocatalytic production of glucaric acid from glucuronic acid is more environmentally friendly, efficient and economical than chemical synthesis. Uronate dehydrogenases (UDHs) are the key enzymes for the preparation of glucaric acid in this way, but the poor thermostability and low activity of UDH limit its industrial application. Therefore, improving the thermostability and activity of UDH, for example by semi-rational design, is a major research goal. Results In the present work, three UDHs were obtained from different Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains. The three UDHs have an approximate molecular weight of 32 kDa and all contain typically conserved UDH motifs. All three UDHs showed optimal activity within a pH range of 6.0–8.5 and at a temperature of 30 °C, but the UDH from A. tumefaciens (At) LBA4404 had a better catalytic efficiency than the other two UDHs (800 vs 600 and 530 s−1 mM−1). To further boost the catalytic performance of the UDH from AtLBA4404, site-directed mutagenesis based on semi-rational design was carried out. An A39P/H99Y/H234K triple mutant showed a 400-fold improvement in half-life at 59 °C, a 5 °C improvement in $$ {\text{T}}_{ 5 0}^{ 1 0} $$ T 50 10 value and a 2.5-fold improvement in specific activity at 30 °C compared to wild-type UDH. Conclusions In this study, we successfully obtained a triple mutant (A39P/H99Y/H234K) with simultaneously enhanced activity and thermostability, which provides a novel alternative for the industrial production of glucaric acid from glucuronic acid.

scholarly journals Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Marine Remize ◽  
Yves Brunel ◽  
Joana L. Silva ◽  
Jean-Yves Berthon ◽  
Edith Filaire
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Food And Feed

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential compounds for human health. They have been proven to act positively on a panel of diseases and have interesting anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer properties. For these reasons, they are receiving more and more attention in recent years, especially future food or feed development. EPA and DHA come mainly from marine sources like fish or seaweed. Unfortunately, due to global warming, these compounds are becoming scarce for humans because of overfishing and stock reduction. Although increasing in recent years, aquaculture appears insufficient to meet the increasing requirements of these healthy molecules for humans. One alternative resides in the cultivation of microalgae, the initial producers of EPA and DHA. They are also rich in biochemicals with interesting properties. After defining macro and microalgae, this review synthesizes the current knowledge on n-3 PUFAs regarding health benefits and the challenges surrounding their supply within the environmental context. Microalgae n-3 PUFA production is examined and its synthesis pathways are discussed. Finally, the use of EPA and DHA in food and feed is investigated. This work aims to define better the issues surrounding n-3 PUFA production and supply and the potential of microalgae as a sustainable source of compounds to enhance the food and feed of the future.

Exploiting the beneficial properties of microalgae for food and feed use

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 3634-3648
Author(s):  
Erika Koppányné Szabó ◽  
Krisztina Takács
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Food And Feed

By 2050, 9.8 billion people are projected to live on Earth, which means that we need to double our current food production to keep pace with such a large population increase. In addition, rising greenhouse gas emissions and the associated climate change are placing a significant strain on the planet’s ability to sustain itself. However, in order to increase the quantity of proteins of plant origin, it is necessary to increase crop production areas, harvesting frequencies and the quantity of crops produced. Unfortunately, the optimization of these factors is already very close to the available maximum in the current situation. The developed cultivation systems and maximum utilization of the soil power leads to very serious environmental problems, soil destruction, loss of biodiversity and serious environmental pollution through the transport of the produced plant raw materials. This poses a serious challenge to food security and further increases the risk of hunger. There is therefore a need for agricultural practices that can lead to the cultivation of food and feed crops that have better sustainability indicators and are more resilient to climate change, which can be used to safely produce health-promoting feeds, as well as novel and value-added foods. Within this group, a particular problem is presented by the protein supply of the population, as currently about one billion people do not have adequate protein intake. However, conventional protein sources are not sufficient to meet growing protein needs. As mentioned above, food and feed proteins are based on plant proteins. In recent years, a prominent role has been played by the research into alternative proteins and the mapping of their positive and negative properties. Among alternative proteins, special attention has been paid to various yeasts, fungi, bacteria, algae, singe cell proteins (SCPs) and insects. In this paper, we focus on the presentation of algae, particularly microalgae, which are of paramount importance not only because of their significant protein content and favorable amino acid composition, but also because they are also sources of many valuable molecules, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, antioxidants, drugs and other biologically active compounds. It is important to learn about microalgae biomass in order to be able to develop innovative health food products.

scholarly journals Date Components as Promising Plant-Based Materials to Be Incorporated into Baked Goods—A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Meththa Ranasinghe ◽  
Ioannis Manikas ◽  
Sajid Maqsood ◽  
Constantinos Stathopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Baked Goods ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
By Products

Date (Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae) fruits and their by-products are rich in nutrients. The health benefits of dates and their incorporation into value-added products have been widely studied. The date-processing industry faces a significant sustainability challenge as more than 10% (w/w) of the production is discarded as waste or by-products. Currently, food scientists are focusing on bakery product fortification with functional food ingredients due to the high demand for nutritious food with more convenience. Utilizing date components in value-added bakery products is a trending research area with increasing attention. Studies where the researchers tried to improve the quality of bakery goods by incorporating date components have shown positive results, with several drawbacks that need attention and further research. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the utilization of date components in bakery products and to identify gaps in the current knowledge. This review will help focus further research in the area of valorization of date by-products and thereby contribute to the generation of novel functional bakery products that meet consumer expectations and industry standards, thus generating income for the relevant industry and considerable alleviation of the environmental burden this waste and by-products contribute to. Only a few studies have been focused on utilizing date by-products and their extracts for baked goods, while a research area still remaining under-explored is the effect of incorporation of date components on the shelf life of bakery products.

scholarly journals Comparative Advantages of National Pharmaceutical Industries through the Prism of New Indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
O. B. Salikhova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Market ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Production Facilities

Specific ways of the emergence of new actors in the global market of pharmaceutical goods is investigated, with substantiating the role of transnational corporations (TNC), their investment and technologies in establishing pharmaceutical industries in developing countries. The cases of Puerto Rico and Ireland are taken in order to demonstrate the background for expansion of manufacturing of medicines and medical products and analyze the tendencies in their export capacity building. The factors making pharmaceutical TNC transfer production facilities to India and China are substantiated and implications of this process are highlighted. It is revealed that due to the production internationalization, countries that had been net importers of pharmaceuticals just several decades ago have joined the group of key suppliers to external markets. Because American and European TNC are leading in the pharmaceutical industry by R&D expenditure, they are the principal holders of advanced technologies in the industry. It follows that manufacturing of medicines and medical products in most part of countries either directly or indirectly depend on innovative products of TNC and their technology transfer via various channels (both licensing and imports of components, active pharmaceutical ingredients in particular). It is shown that with the emergence of new market actors coming from developing countries, traditional approaches to determining comparative advantages of counties in the global trade need to be improved. The cases of countries that are recipients of foreign technologies, on which territories powerful high tech pharmaceutical production facilities with high shares of intermediate consumption and heavy export supplies are located due to TNC investment or local public-private capital, give evidence that the classical RCA indicator allows to measure visible comparative advantages in the trade in goods rather than revealed ones. It is proposed that analyses of advantages at country level should include the indicator of high tech goods supplies, to provide for a more accurate description of the innovation component in advanced industries. A new approach to the assessment of comparative advantages of high tech pharmaceutical manufacturing is proposed and tested, which is based on the principle of specialization and use of the ratio of Comparative Advantage in Value Added Activity (CAVA) in particular. It is revealed that the pharmaceutical industry of Ireland, Jordan, Singapore, India or Columbia, with reliance on foreign investment and technologies, could gain advantages in value added creation and dominate the national economies. It is shown that Ukraine is enhancing the advantages in value added creation in the pharmaceutical industry; is it substantiated that due to low R&D and innovation performance and heavy dependence on imported components, capacity building of this industry and its current advantages result from global tendencies and global market conjunctures rather than from the implementation of the national science & technology priorities. According to the author’s recommendation, the proposed approach to determining comparative advantages in value added creation should be used for the assessment of other high tech industries, apart from the pharmaceutical industry, and that is should be supplemented by statistical tools for analysis of foreign trade in finished and intermediate high tech goods.

scholarly journals Innovation measurement: An extensive literature analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Katarina Janoskova ◽  
Pavol Kral
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Innovation Measurement ◽  
A Company

Research background: There is no doubt that innovation is an important source of a company´s competitiveness, but it is very difficult to measure the extent to which it contributes to the growth of competitiveness. Opponents of measuring innovation argue that measuring innovation is a measurement of the immeasurable. How to measure innovations and is it possible to measure innovations, is a question constantly posed by academics, managers, and economists all over the world. To find answer to these questions, this review article analyses scientific publications on innovation measurement published between 1968 and 2021. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of this article is to increase the understanding of the metrics landscape and to identify differences in the methods used in the past and present with emphasis on identification of statistical and econometric methods used to study innovation. Methods: To achieve the purpose of the article, literature review as a method of qualitative research was used. Data for literature review were gained from the Web of Science database. Findings & Value added: The analysis finds several metrics that can be used for evaluation of company´s innovation. The results can helps managers, academics, and economists to better understand the innovation measurement..

scholarly journals A Review on Microbial Surfactants: Production, Classifications, Properties and Characterization

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Oliver Fenibo ◽  
Salome Ibietela Douglas ◽  
Herbert Okechukwu Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Immiscible Fluids ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Screening Techniques ◽  
Properties And Characterization ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Surfactants are a surface-active group of molecular compounds with hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties in one single molecule that distributes themselves between two immiscible fluids, reduce surface/ interfacial tensions and cause the solubility of non-polar compounds in polar solvents. Besides surface and interfacial activities, they display properties such as solubilization, detergency, lubrication, emulsification, stabilization and foaming capacity. Microbiologically derived surfactants are called biosurfactants. They are produced as either metabolic products or as the surface chemistry of an actual cell. The employment of screening techniques such as surface tension measurements, drop collapse test, oil spreading assay, emulsification index (%EI24), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/methylene blue agar plate test and strain characterization. Others are analytical techniques including liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, thin layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. These have led to the identification of biosurfactant producing microorganisms, properties and characterization of biosurfactants. Therefore, this review tends to provide the current knowledge of the screening techniques and chromatography/spectroscopic tools employed to study biosurfactants. Results from a detailed study of these tools can unveil new surfactant producing microorganism, decipher chemical diversity and multifunctional properties of biosurfactants critical for applications in diverse industrial sectors.

Metabolic engineering of glycosylated polyketide biosynthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Prasad Pandey ◽  
Prakash Parajuli ◽  
Jae Kyung Sohng
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Microbial Cell Factories ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Post Modification ◽  
Microbial Biosynthesis

Microbial cell factories are extensively used for the biosynthesis of value-added chemicals, biopharmaceuticals, and biofuels. Microbial biosynthesis is also realistic for the production of heterologous molecules including complex natural products of plant and microbial origin. Glycosylation is a well-known post-modification method to engineer sugar-functionalized natural products. It is of particular interest to chemical biologists to increase chemical diversity of molecules. Employing the state-of-the-art systems and synthetic biology tools, a range of small to complex glycosylated natural products have been produced from microbes using a simple and sustainable fermentation approach. In this context, this review covers recent notable metabolic engineering approaches used for the biosynthesis of glycosylated plant and microbial polyketides in different microorganisms. This review article is broadly divided into two major parts. The first part is focused on the biosynthesis of glycosylated plant polyketides in prokaryotes and yeast cells, while the second part is focused on the generation of glycosylated microbial polyketides in actinomycetes.

Composition and Potential Health Benefits of Pomegranate: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 1817-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Vučić ◽  
Milkica Grabež ◽  
Armen Trchounian ◽  
Aleksandra Arsić
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Comprehensive Search

Background:: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits are widely consumed and used as preventive and therapeutic agents since ancient times. Pomegranate is a rich source of a variety of phytochemicals, which are responsible for its strong antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential. Objective:: The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of chemical structure and potential health benefits of pomegranate. Method: : A comprehensive search of available literature. Results:: The review of the literature confirms that juice and extracts obtained from different parts of this plant, including fruit peel, seeds, and leaves exert health benefits in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial and anti-tumour effects of pomegranate fruit are of particular scientific and clinical interest. Conclusion:: Further investigations are required to clarify the mechanism of action of the bioactive ingredients and to reveal full potential of pomegranate as both preventive and therapeutic agent.

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