Electrospun Medicated Nanofibers for Wound Healing: Review

With the increasing demand for wound care and treatment worldwide, traditional dressings have been unable to meet the needs of the existing market due to their limited antibacterial properties and other defects. Electrospinning technology has attracted more and more researchers’ attention as a simple and versatile manufacturing method. The electrospun nanofiber membrane has a unique structure and biological function similar to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and is considered an advanced wound dressing. They have significant potential in encapsulating and delivering active substances that promote wound healing. This article first discusses the common types of wound dressing, and then summarizes the development of electrospun fiber preparation technology. Finally, the polymers and common biologically active substances used in electrospinning wound dressings are summarized, and portable electrospinning equipment is also discussed. Additionally, future research needs are put forward.

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Antibacterial-Integrated Collagen Wound Dressing for Diabetes-Related Foot Ulcers: An Evidence-Based Review of Clinical Studies

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12092168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2168

Author(s):

Ibrahim N. Amirrah ◽

Mohd Farhanulhakim Mohd Razip Wee ◽

Yasuhiko Tabata ◽

Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus ◽

Abid Nordin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Chronic Wounds ◽

Gentian Violet ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Small Sample ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Sample Sizes

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic wound frequently delayed from severe infection. Wound dressing provides an essential barrier between the ulcer and the external environment. This review aimed to analyse the effectiveness of antibacterial collagen-based dressing for DFU treatment in a clinical setting. An electronic search in four databases, namely, Scopus, PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE(R), and ISI Web of Science, was performed to obtain relevant articles published within the last ten years. The published studies were included if they reported evidence of (1) collagen-based antibacterial dressing or (2) wound healing for diabetic ulcers, and (3) were written in English. Both randomised and non-randomised clinical trials were included. The search for relevant clinical studies (n) identified eight related references discussing the effectiveness of collagen-based antibacterial wound dressings for DFU comprising collagen impregnated with polyhexamethylene biguanide (n = 2), gentamicin (n = 3), combined-cellulose and silver (n = 1), gentian violet/methylene blue mixed (n = 1), and silver (n = 1). The clinical data were limited by small sample sizes and multiple aetiologies of chronic wounds. The evidence was not robust enough for a conclusive statement, although most of the studies reported positive outcomes for the use of collagen dressings loaded with antibacterial properties for DFU wound healing. This study emphasises the importance of having standardised clinical trials, larger sample sizes, and accurate reporting for reliable statistical evidence confirming DFU treatment efficiency.

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Study of hydrocellular functional material as microbicidal wound dressing for diabetic wound healing

Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials ◽

10.1177/22808000211054930 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 228080002110549

Author(s):

Michael Rodrigues ◽

Thilagavati Govindharajan

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Wound Care ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Wound Management ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Diabetic Wound ◽

Functional Material ◽

Diabetic Wound Healing

A hydrocellular functional material as a wound dressing is developed and it is found to be superior in its efficacy as compared to some of the comparator controls in diabetic wound healing studies. A study on wound contraction and Histopathological analysis is done in rats. The efficacy of the dressing is comparable to the established wound dressings like Carboxymethyl cellulose alginate dressings and autolytic enzyme based hydrogel. It is found to be superior to Polyhexamethylene biguanide dressing used as reference controls in this study. The reason for good wound healing performance of the dressing can be attributed to a combined property of effective exudates management and broad spectrum antimicrobial effect. The concept of functional hydro cellular material has shown good results due to the excellent balance of exudates pickup and drying it out. This ensures moist wound healing conditions on the wound. Because of its porous nature it allows good air flow and gaseous exchange in the structure. The cationic sites created on the surface of the dressing ensure a good antimicrobial action on the exudates in the dressing. It reduces the infection load on the wound. The nonleaching property of the dressing also helps in preventing the generation of more resistant and mutant strains of the microbes. The developed dressing can be used as a relatively durable long lasting dressing for wound management in diabetic wounds. The need of repetitive wound dressing changes can be brought down with this concept of dressing. It is not only cost effective in terms of its material cost but also is a cost effective solution when entire wound management cost is considered. Such novel wound dressing material can change the quality of life of diabetic wound patients especially in developing world, where access to functional advanced wound care dressings is limited.

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Comparison of sterile polyacrylate wound dressing with activated carbon cloth and a standard non-adhesive hydrocellular foam dressing with silver: a randomised controlled trial protocol

Journal of Wound Care ◽

10.12968/jowc.2019.28.11.722 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (11) ◽

pp. 722-728

Author(s):

Sebastian Probst ◽

Camille Saini ◽

Monika Buehrer Skinner

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Wound Care ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Carbon Cloth ◽

Activated Carbon Cloth ◽

Randomised Controlled

Objective: Hard-to-heal wounds such as leg (LU) or diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are slow healing, have a high recurrence rate and are associated with infection, smell and exudate. Current therapeutic approaches are multifaceted and focus on improving wound healing and preventing recurrences. Advanced wound dressings, especially super absorbent dressings are an important aspect of wound care, as hard-to-heal wounds tend to produce excessive amounts of exudate, which may contribute to maceration and excoriation, thus delaying wound healing. Additionally, excessive wound exudate is associated with malodour. Therefore, an important aspect of care is the management of exudate and odour. The use of effective advanced wound dressings is a promising strategy to achieve adequate absorption of wound exudate and malodour promoting wound healing. The aim of the current study is to determine whether there is a difference in wound size reduction between wounds dressed with either a sterile polyacrylate wound dressing with activated carbon cloth or a hydrocellular foam dressing with silver. Method: A randomised controlled trial with 248 participants in one wound care outpatient clinic is proposed. Randomisation will be concealed. The outcome assessor will be blinded to the group allocation of participants. Conclusion: This research project compares two wound dressings in an everyday care setting. Since the cost of hard-to-heal wounds to individuals, the economy and society is high, an evaluation of which wound dressing leads to a faster reduction of wound size and subsequent wound healing is an important issue/question for the individuals affected, their families, society and the health-care system.

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Electrospun Antibacterial Nanomaterials for Wound Dressings Applications

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11120908 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 908

Author(s):

Aysegul Gul ◽

Izabela Gallus ◽

Akshat Tegginamath ◽

Jiri Maryska ◽

Fatma Yalcinkaya

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Chronic Wounds ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Electrospun Nanofibers ◽

Electrospinning Process ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Promising Solution

Chronic wounds are caused by bacterial infections and create major healthcare discomforts; to overcome this issue, wound dressings with antibacterial properties are to be utilized. The requirements of antibacterial wound dressings cannot be fulfilled by traditional wound dressing materials. Hence, to improve and accelerate the process of wound healing, an antibacterial wound dressing is to be designed. Electrospun nanofibers offer a promising solution to the management of wound healing, and numerous options are available to load antibacterial compounds onto the nanofiber webs. This review gives us an overview of some recent advances of electrospun antibacterial nanomaterials used in wound dressings. First, we provide a brief overview of the electrospinning process of nanofibers in wound healing and later discuss electrospun fibers that have incorporated various antimicrobial agents to be used in wound dressings. In addition, we highlight the latest research and patents related to electrospun nanofibers in wound dressing. This review also aims to concentrate on the importance of nanofibers for wound dressing applications and discuss functionalized antibacterial nanofibers in wound dressing.

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Fabrication of Hybrid Nanofibers from Biopolymers and Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/Poly (ε-Caprolactone) for Wound Dressing Applications

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13132104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 2104

Author(s):

Sibusiso Alven ◽

Blessing Atim Aderibigbe

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Chronic Wounds ◽

Cellular Adhesion ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

High Porosity ◽

Hybrid Nanofibers

The management of chronic wounds is challenging. The factors that impede wound healing include malnutrition, diseases (such as diabetes, cancer), and bacterial infection. Most of the presently utilized wound dressing materials suffer from severe limitations, including poor antibacterial and mechanical properties. Wound dressings formulated from the combination of biopolymers and synthetic polymers (i.e., poly (vinyl alcohol) or poly (ε-caprolactone) display interesting properties, including good biocompatibility, improved biodegradation, good mechanical properties and antimicrobial effects, promote tissue regeneration, etc. Formulation of these wound dressings via electrospinning technique is cost-effective, useful for uniform and continuous nanofibers with controllable pore structure, high porosity, excellent swelling capacity, good gaseous exchange, excellent cellular adhesion, and show a good capability to provide moisture and warmth environment for the accelerated wound healing process. Based on the above-mentioned outstanding properties of nanofibers and the unique properties of hybrid wound dressings prepared from poly (vinyl alcohol) and poly (ε-caprolactone), this review reports the in vitro and in vivo outcomes of the reported hybrid nanofibers.

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Preparation of biocompatible wound dressings with dual release of antibiotic and platelet-rich plasma for enhancing infected wound healing

Journal of Biomaterials Applications ◽

10.1177/0885328221996013 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088532822199601

Author(s):

Linying Shi ◽

Fang Lin ◽

Mou Zhou ◽

Yanhui Li ◽

Wendan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Healing Process ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Gelatin Microspheres ◽

Infected Wounds ◽

Dual Release

The ever-growing threats of bacterial infection and chronic wound healing have provoked an urgent need for novel antibacterial wound dressings. In this study, we developed a wound dressing for the treatment of infected wounds, which can reduce the inflammatory period (through the use of gentamycin sulfate (GS)) and enhance the granulation stage (through the addition of platelet-rich plasma (PRP)). Herein, the sustained antimicrobial CMC/GMs@GS/PRP wound dressings were developed by using gelatin microspheres (GMs) loading GS and PRP, covalent bonding to carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC). The prepared dressings exhibited high water uptake capability, appropriate porosity, excellent mechanical properties, sustain release of PRP and GS. Meanwhile, the wound dressing showed good biocompatibility and excellent antibacterial ability against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, in vivo experiments further demonstrated that the prepared dressings could accelerate the healing process of E. coli and S. aureus-infected full-thickness wounds i n vivo, reepithelialization, collagen deposition and angiogenesis. In addition, the treatment of CMC/GMs@GS/PRP wound dressing could reduce bacterial count, inhibit pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), and enhance anti-inflammatory factors (TGF-β1). The findings of this study suggested that biocompatible wound dressings with dual release of GS and PRP have great potential in the treatment of chronic and infected wounds.

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Nanofiber Wound Dressing Materials—A Comparative Study of Wound Healing on a Porcine Model

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usab155 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katerina Menclová ◽

Petr Svoboda ◽

Jan Hadač ◽

Štefan Juhás ◽

Jana Juhásová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Blood Count ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Porcine Model ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Inflammatory Phase ◽

Dressing Materials

ABSTRACT Background Nanofiber wound dressings remain the domain of in vitro studies. The purpose of our study was to verify the benefits of chitosan (CTS) and polylactide (PLA)-based nanofiber wound dressings on a porcine model of a naturally contaminated standardized wound and compare them with the conventional dressings, i.e., gauze and Inadine. Material and Methods The study group included 32 pigs randomized into four homogeneous groups according to the wound dressing type. Standardized wounds were created on their backs, and wound dressings were regularly changed. We evaluated difficulty of handling individual dressing materials and macroscopic appearance of the wounds. Wound swabs were taken for bacteriological examination. Blood samples were obtained to determine blood count values and serum levels of acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, and haptoglobin). The crucial point of the study was histological analysis. Microscopic evaluation was focused on the defect depth and tissue reactions, including formation of the fibrin exudate with neutrophil granulocytes, the layer of granulation and cellular connective tissue, and the reepithelialization. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS software. The analysis was based on the Kruskal–Wallis H test and Mann–Whitney U test followed by Bonferroni correction. Significance was set at P < .05. Results Macroscopic examination did not show any difference in wound healing among the groups. However, evaluation of histological findings demonstrated that PLA-based nanofiber dressing accelerated the proliferative (P = .025) and reepithelialization (P < .001) healing phases, while chitosan-based nanofiber dressing potentiated and accelerated the inflammatory phase (P = .006). No statistically significant changes were observed in the blood count or acute inflammatory phase proteins during the trial. Different dynamics were noted in serum amyloid A values in the group treated with PLA-based nanofiber dressing (P = .006). Conclusion Based on the microscopic examination, we have documented a positive effect of nanofiber wound dressings on acceleration of individual phases of the healing process. Nanofiber wound dressings have a potential to become in future part of the common wound care practice.

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Identifying New Pathways and Targets for Wound Healing and Therapeutics from Natural Sources

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201818666210111101257 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Xinchi Feng ◽

Jinsong Hao

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Chronic Wounds ◽

Wound Care ◽

Healing Process ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Natural Sources ◽

Viable Approach

: Chronic wounds remain a significant public problem and the development of wound treatments has been a research focus for the past few decades. Despite advances in the products derived from endogenous substances involved in a wound healing process (e.g. growth factors, stem cells, and extracellular matrix), effective and safe wound therapeutics are still limited. There is an unmet need to develop new therapeutics. Various new pathways and targets have been identified and could become a molecular target in designing novel wound agents. Importantly, many existing drugs that target these newly identified pathways could be repositioned for wound therapy, which will facilitate fast translation of research findings to clinical applications. This review discusses the newly identified pathways/targets and their potential uses in the development of wound therapeutics. Some herbs and amphibian skins have been traditionally used for wound repairs and their active ingredients have been found to act in these new pathways. Hence, screening these natural products for novel wound therapeutics remains a viable approach. The outcomes of wound care using natural wound therapeutics could be improved if we can better understand their cellular and molecular mechanisms and fabricate them in appropriate formulations, such as using novel wound dressings and nano-engineered materials. Therefore, we also provide an update on the advances in the wound therapeutics from natural sources. Overall, this review offers new insights into novel wound therapeutics.

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Bioactive Agent-Loaded Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Accelerating Healing Process: A Review

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11090702 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 702

Author(s):

Seyyed-Mojtaba Mousavi ◽

Zohre Mousavi Nejad ◽

Seyyed Alireza Hashemi ◽

Marjan Salari ◽

Ahmad Gholami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Chronic Wounds ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Healing Process ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Future Research ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Nanofiber Membranes ◽

Bioactive Agents ◽

Bioactive Agent

Despite the advances that have been achieved in developing wound dressings to date, wound healing still remains a challenge in the healthcare system. None of the wound dressings currently used clinically can mimic all the properties of normal and healthy skin. Electrospinning has gained remarkable attention in wound healing applications because of its excellent ability to form nanostructures similar to natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Electrospun dressing accelerates the wound healing process by transferring drugs or active agents to the wound site sooner. This review provides a concise overview of the recent developments in bioactive electrospun dressings, which are effective in treating acute and chronic wounds and can successfully heal the wound. We also discuss bioactive agents used to incorporate electrospun wound dressings to improve their therapeutic potential in wound healing. In addition, here we present commercial dressings loaded with bioactive agents with a comparison between their features and capabilities. Furthermore, we discuss challenges and promises and offer suggestions for future research on bioactive agent-loaded nanofiber membranes to guide future researchers in designing more effective dressing for wound healing and skin regeneration.

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Sintesis Hidrogel Pektin – Gelatin dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Sebagai Kandidat Pembalut Luka Bakar

Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan ◽

10.33795/jtkl.v4i1.128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Fadhil Muhammad Tarmidzi ◽

Inggit Kresna Maharsih ◽

Tina Raihatul Jannah ◽

Cici Sari Wahyuni

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Wound Care ◽

Crosslinking Agent ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Fruit Peel

Teknik pembalutan luka saat ini menerapkan metode perawatan luka modern dengan cara mempertahankan isolasi lingkungan luka dalam keadaan tertutup dan lembab. Ada beberapa jenis pembalut luka yang telah dikembangkan, salah satunya hidrogel. Hidrogel merupakan pembalut luka berbentuk lembaran yang memiliki kemampuan menyerap cairan luka dan memiliki stabilitas yang baik pada pH asam sehingga dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan luka bakar. Dalam penelitian ini, hidrogel dibuat menggunakan polimer alami seperti pektin dan gelatin. Kedua bahan tersebut dikombinasikan menggunakan metode ikatan silang dengan penambahan asam sitrat sebagai agen pengikat silang. Penambahan asam sitrat memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakteristik material hidrogel yang dihasilkan, sehingga diperlukan jumlah yang tepat agar didapatkan hidrogel dengan properti material yang baik. Hidrogel juga ditambahkan zat aktif berupa flavonoid pada ekstrak kulit buah naga agar dapat digunakan sebagai pembalut luka untuk menyembuhkan luka bakar. Dari hasil penelitian, hidrogel dengan konsentrasi asam sitrat 4% (Hidrogel CA 4%) menghasilkan nilai swelling, tensile strength, dan elongation tertinggi sebesar 890%, 0,05 Mpa, dan 200%. Hasil properti mekanik dari Hidrogel CA 4% ini dibuktikan dengan uji FTIR yang telah dilakukan, yaitu munculnya gugus karbonil C=O sebagai hasil reaksi esterifikasi yang terjadi antara polimer dengan asam sitrat di daerah serapan 1733,9 cm-1.Wound dressing technique currently applies modern wound care methods by maintaining the environmental isolation of the wound in a closed and moist state. There are several types of wound dressing that have been developed, one of them is hydrogel. Hydrogel is sheet-shaped wound dressings which have the ability to absorb exudate and have good stability acidic pH that can be used for the treatment of burns. In this study, hydrogel were made using natural polymers such as pectin and gelatin. The two polymers were combined using crosslinking method with the addition of citric acid as a crosslinking agent. The addition of citric acid has affect on the characteristics of the hydrogel material produced, therefore the right amount is needed to obtain a hydrogel with good mechanical properties. Hydrogel also added by an active substance in the form of flavonoids from dragon fruit peel extract that can be used as a wound dressing to cure burns. This study resulting hydrogel with a concentration of 4% citric acid (Hydrogel CA 4%) produced highest value of swelling, tensile strength, and elongation are 890%, 0.05 Mpa, and 200%, repectively. The mechanical properties of Hydrogel CA 4% was proved by FTIR test that had been carried out, namely the presence of C=O carbonyl group as a result of the esterification reaction that occurred between the polymers and citric acid in the absorption area of 1733.9 cm-1.

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