Physicochemical Properties of Membrane Adsorber from Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (PEFB) by Acid Activation

A membrane adsorbent was successfully made from palm empty fruit bunches (PEFB), which was pyrolysed as physical activation. The effect of adding the impact of one-step catalyst (hydrochloric acid) and differences in the concentration on the characteristics and structure and deconvolution are investigated in this study. The results of the research have been successfully created and characterised using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherm, and membrane morphology using SEM test. Membrane performance testing was carried out using a biogas flame test. The adsorber membrane was made by adding NH4Cl as a cationic surfactant, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a ratio of 1:3. The FTIR test has a functional group: O-H; C-H stretch; C=C-C; Arly O-Strech; C-O. Adsorbent membrane with the addition of 0.5 M HCl catalyst had the highest ratio of O-H/C=C-C relative area of 4.33. The diffractogram shows an amorphous structure with (002) and (100) graph planes. Adsorber membrane with a concentration of 1.5 M HCl has formed amorphous structured fibre. The adsorber membrane with a concentration of 0.5 HCl activator gave a surface area of 0.5345 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 0.000983 cm3 g−1.

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An evaluation of adhesive sample holders for advanced crystallographic experiments

Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s1399004714014370 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (9) ◽

pp. 2390-2400 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marco Mazzorana ◽

Juan Sanchez-Weatherby ◽

James Sandy ◽

Carina M. C. Lobley ◽

Thomas Sorensen

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Porous Support ◽

Step Procedure ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Hydration State ◽

Different Types ◽

One Step ◽

The Impact

The hydration state of macromolecular crystals often affects their overall order and, ultimately, the quality of the X-ray diffraction pattern that they produce. Post-crystallization techniques that alter the solvent content of a crystal may induce rearrangement within the three-dimensional array making up the crystal, possibly resulting in more ordered packing. The hydration state of a crystal can be manipulated by exposing it to a stream of air at controlled relative humidity in which the crystal can equilibrate. This approach provides a way of exploring crystal hydration space to assess the diffraction capabilities of existing crystals. A key requirement of these experiments is to expose the crystal directly to the dehydrating environment by having the minimum amount of residual mother liquor around it. This is usually achieved by placing the crystal on a flat porous support (Kapton mesh) and removing excess liquid by wicking. Here, an alternative approach is considered whereby crystals are harvested using adhesives that capture naked crystals directly from their crystallization drop, reducing the process to a one-step procedure. The impact of using adhesives to ease the harvesting of different types of crystals is presented together with their contribution to background scattering and their usefulness in dehydration experiments. It is concluded that adhesive supports represent a valuable tool for mounting macromolecular crystals to be used in humidity-controlled experiments and to improve signal-to-noise ratios in diffraction experiments, and how they can protect crystals from modifications in the sample environment is discussed.

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Synthesis of Poly(Trimethylene Carbonate) from Amine Group Initiation: Role of Urethane Bonds in the Crystallinity

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13020280 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 280

Author(s):

Thomas Brossier ◽

Gael Volpi ◽

Vincent Lapinte ◽

Sebastien Blanquer

Keyword(s):

Thermal Studies ◽

Trimethylene Carbonate ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

One Pot ◽

Free Process ◽

One Step ◽

The One ◽

Natural Amino Acids ◽

The Impact

Semi-crystalline poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) can be efficiently prepared by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) initiated by amine using various catalysts. More promising results were reached with the one-step process of stannous octanoate unlike the two-step one-pot reaction using TBD and MSA catalysts. The ROP-amine of TMC consists in a simple isocyanate free process to produce polycarbonate-urethanes, compatible with the large availability of amines ranging from mono- to multifunctional until natural amino acids. ROP-amine of TMC leads to urethane bonds monitored by FTIR spectroscopy. The relationship between the nature of amines and the crystallinity of PTMC was discussed through X-ray diffraction and thermal studies by DSC and TGA. The impact of the crystallinity was also demonstrated on the mechanical properties of semi-crystalline PTMC in comparison to amorphous PTMC, synthesized by ROP initiated by alcohol. The semi-crystalline PTMC synthesized by ROP-amine opens many perspectives.

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Devitrification products of rapidly solidified Ni-Nb amorphous alloys.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010017788x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 950-951

Author(s):

G. A. Bertero ◽

W.H. Hofmeister ◽

N.D. Evans ◽

J.E. Wittig ◽

R.J. Bayuzick

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Amorphous Structure ◽

Sulphuric Acid Solution ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

High Fracture ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Xrd Techniques ◽

Rapidly Solidified ◽

Electromagnetically Levitated

Rapid solidification of Ni-Nb alloys promotes the formation of amorphous structure. Preliminary results indicate promising elastic properties and high fracture strength for the metallic glass. Knowledge of the thermal stability of the amorphus alloy and the changes in properties with temperature is therefore of prime importance. In this work rapidly solidified Ni-Nb alloys were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) during in-situ heating experiments and after isothermal annealing of bulk samples. Differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were also used to characterize both the solidification and devitrification sequences.Samples of Ni-44 at.% Nb were electromagnetically levitated, melted, and rapidly solidified by splatquenching between two copper chill plates. The resulting samples were 100 to 200 μm thick discs of 2 to 3 cm diameter. TEM specimens were either ion-milled or alternatively electropolished in a methanol-10% sulphuric acid solution at 20 V and −40°C.

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Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Canagliflozin and Metformin HCl in Rat Plasma and its Application

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412915666190312161823 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 752-762

Author(s):

Vivek Nalawade ◽

Vaibhav A. Dixit ◽

Amisha Vora ◽

Himashu Zade

Keyword(s):

Internal Standard ◽

Rat Plasma ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Herbal Extracts ◽

One Step ◽

Precision And Accuracy ◽

Development And Validation ◽

The Impact ◽

Metformin Hcl

Background: Food and herbal extracts rich in Quercetin (QRT) are often self-medicated by diabetics and can potentially alter the pharmacokinetics (PK) of Metformin HCl (MET) and Canagliflozin (CNG) leading to food or herb-drug interactions and reduced therapeutic efficacy. However, the impact of these flavonoids on the pharmacokinetic behaviour of MET and CNG is mostly unknown. Methods: A simple one-step protein precipitation method was developed for the determination of MET and CNG from rat plasma. The mobile phase chosen was MeOH 65% and 35% water containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 1mL/min. Results: The retention time of MET, internal standard (Valsartan) and CNG was 1.83, 6.2 and 8.2 min, respectively. The method was found to be linear in the range of 200 - 8000 ng/mL for CNG and 100 = 4000 ng/ml for MET. Precision and accuracy of the method were below 20% at LLOQ and below 15% for LQC, MQC, and HQC. Conclusion: The method was successfully applied for the determination of PK of MET and CNG by using 100 μL of rat plasma. QRT co-administration affects the PK parameters of MET and CNG. This alteration in PK parameters might be of significant use for clinicians and patients.

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One-step synthesis of nitrogen-grafted copper-gallic acid for enhanced methylene blue removal

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91484-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shella Permatasari Santoso ◽

Vania Bundjaja ◽

Artik Elisa Angkawijaya ◽

Chintya Gunarto ◽

Alchris Woo Go ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

One Step ◽

Detailed Assessment ◽

Higher Temperature

AbstractNitrogen-grafting through the addition of glycine (Gly) was performed on a metal- phenolic network (MPN) of copper (Cu2+) and gallic acid (GA) to increase its adsorption capacity. Herein, we reported a one-step synthesis method of MPN, which was developed according to the metal–ligand complexation principle. The nitrogen grafted CuGA (Ng-CuGA) MPN was obtained by reacting Cu2+, GA, and Gly in an aqueous solution at a molar ratio of 1:1:1 and a pH of 8. Several physicochemical measurements, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), were done on Ng-CuGA to elucidate its characteristics. The analysis revealed that the Ng-CuGA has non-uniform spherical shaped morphology with a pore volume of 0.56 cc/g, a pore size of 23.25 nm, and thermal stability up to 205 °C. The applicational potential of the Ng-CuGA was determined based on its adsorption capacity against methylene blue (MB). The Ng-CuGA was able to adsorb 190.81 mg MB per g adsorbent at a pH of 6 and temperature of 30 °C, which is 1.53 times higher than the non-grafted CuGA. Detailed assessment of Ng-CuGA adsorption properties revealed their pH- and temperature-dependent nature. The adsorption capacity and affinity were found to decrease at a higher temperature, demonstrating the exothermic adsorption behavior.

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The impact of point defects in n-type GaN layers on thermal decomposition of InGaN/GaN QWs

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81017-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mikolaj Grabowski ◽

Ewa Grzanka ◽

Szymon Grzanka ◽

Artur Lachowski ◽

Julita Smalc-Koziorowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Wells ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Point Defects ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Helium Ions ◽

X Ray ◽

Sapphire Substrates ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

The Impact ◽

Ingan Quantum Wells

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to give an experimental evidence that point defects (most probably gallium vacancies) induce decomposition of InGaN quantum wells (QWs) at high temperatures. In the experiment performed, we implanted GaN:Si/sapphire substrates with helium ions in order to introduce a high density of point defects. Then, we grew InGaN QWs on such substrates at temperature of 730 °C, what caused elimination of most (but not all) of the implantation-induced point defects expanding the crystal lattice. The InGaN QWs were almost identical to those grown on unimplanted GaN substrates. In the next step of the experiment, we annealed samples grown on unimplanted and implanted GaN at temperatures of 900 °C, 920 °C and 940 °C for half an hour. The samples were examined using Photoluminescence, X-ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy. We found out that the decomposition of InGaN QWs started at lower temperatures for the samples grown on the implanted GaN substrates what provides a strong experimental support that point defects play important role in InGaN decomposition at high temperatures.

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115 The Impact of Burn Injury on Upper Extremity Prosthesis Users

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/irab032.119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S77-S77

Author(s):

Jill M Cancio ◽

Matthew Borgia ◽

Leopoldo C Cancio ◽

Linda Resnik

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Performance Testing ◽

Hospital Length Of Stay ◽

Shoulder Abduction ◽

Phantom Pain ◽

Assessment Procedure ◽

Full Time ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Burns with upper extremity (UE) amputation present a unique rehabilitation challenge. The purpose of this study of UE amputees who are active prosthesis users was to compare outcomes for those with and without burns. Methods This is part of a larger nationwide study of U.S. military members and veterans with UE amputations. In-person data were collected at 5 sites. An therapist measured passive and active range of motion (PROM, AROM); administered the Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; Community Reintegration of Injured Service Members-Computer Adaptive-Test; Trinity Amputation and Prosthetic Experience Scale; health-related quality of life (VR-12); Activities Measure for Upper Extremity Amputees; Southampton Assessment Procedure; 9-Hole Peg Test; and Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHF); and recorded residual and phantom pain; timing of prosthesis receipt; and current prosthesis use. The IRB approved this study. Results Data were collected on 126 individuals with UE amputation, of whom 105 had data on etiology and were included. Of these, 13 (12.4%) had burns (B) vs non-burn (NB). The majority were unilateral amputees (69% B, 90% NB). Most were transradial (TR) amputees (B 84.6%, NB 66.3%) as opposed to transhumeral (TH). A minority received their prosthetics within the first 3 months post-amputation (11.1% B, 28.8% NB) (p=0.15). Average age was 57.6 (SD 15.6) years for NB and 53.0 (20.6) years for B. Mean time since amputation was 22.5 (18.0) years for NB and 25.2 (17.3) years for B. The following non-significant differences in outcomes between B and NB were observed. Thirty-nine percent of B were employed full-time vs 18.9% of NB (p=0.15). The primary prosthesis was, for NB, a body-powered prosthesis (66.7%); for B, myoelectric (50%) or body-powered (50%). For unilateral UE amputees, there were no differences between B and NB on performance testing for dexterity and functional tasks or in self-reported disability, quality of life or prevalence or intensity of pain. B trended towards more moderate to severe PROM deficits with shoulder forward flexion (TH B 50%, TH NB 23.1% [p=0.444]; TR B 20%, TR NB 5.6% [p=0.197]) and shoulder abduction (TH B 50%, TH NB 26.9% [p=0.497]; TR B 30%, TR NB 16.4% [p=0.376]). Also, TR amputees with burns trended towards more PROM deficits with elbow flexion (B 20%, NB 6.9% [p=0.212]) and elbow extension (B 20%, NB 8.6% [p=0.272]). AROM deficits also trended greater in B. Conclusions We did not observe differences in physical function, pain levels, or quality of life between those with and without burns. Further studies with larger samples are needed, to include analysis of burn location, burn size, hospital length of stay, and rehabilitation care.

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A Study of Thin Film Resistors Prepared Using Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta High Entropy Alloy

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2015/847191 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ruei-Cheng Lin ◽

Tai-Kuang Lee ◽

Der-Ho Wu ◽

Ying-Chieh Lee

Keyword(s):

Annealing Temperature ◽

Phase Evolution ◽

Amorphous Structure ◽

High Entropy Alloy ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Temperature Coefficient Of Resistance ◽

X Ray ◽

High Entropy ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Thin Film Resistors

Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta resistive thin films were prepared on glass and Al2O3substrates by DC magnetron cosputtering from targets of Ni0.35-Cr0.25-Si0.2-Al0.2casting alloy and Ta metal. Electrical properties and microstructures of Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta films under different sputtering powers and annealing temperatures were investigated. The phase evolution, microstructure, and composition of Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). When the annealing temperature was set to 300°C, the Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta films with an amorphous structure were observed. When the annealing temperature was at 500°C, the Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta films crystallized into Al0.9Ni4.22, Cr2Ta, and Ta5Si3phases. The Ni-Cr-Si-Al-Ta films deposited at 100 W and annealed at 300°C which exhibited the higher resistivity 2215 μΩ-cm with −10 ppm/°C of temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR).

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Dye Separation and Antibacterial Activities of Polyaniline Thin Film-Coated Poly(phenyl sulfone) Membranes

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11010025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Javed Alam ◽

Arun Kumar Shukla ◽

Mohammad Azam Ansari ◽

Fekri Abdulraqeb Ahmed Ali ◽

Mansour Alhoshan

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Surface Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Pani Film ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Water Permeation ◽

Membrane Pores ◽

Membrane Performance ◽

Phenyl Sulfone ◽

The Impact

We fabricated a nanofiltration membrane consisting of a polyaniline (PANI) film on a polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) substrate membrane. The PANI film acted as a potent separation enhancer and antimicrobial coating. The membrane was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy to examine its morphology, topography, contact angle, and zeta potential. We aimed to investigate the impact of the PANI film on the surface properties of the membrane. Membrane performance was then evaluated in terms of water permeation and rejection of methylene blue (MB), an organic dye. Coating the PPSU membrane with a PANI film imparted significant advantages, including finely tuned nanometer-scale membrane pores and tailored surface properties, including increased hydrophilicity and zeta potential. The PANI film also significantly enhanced separation of the MB dye. The PANI-coated membrane rejected over 90% of MB with little compromise in membrane permeability. The PANI film also enhanced the antimicrobial activity of the membrane. The bacteriostasis (BR) values of PANI-coated PPSU membranes after six and sixteen hours of incubation with Escherichia coli were 63.5% and 95.2%, respectively. The BR values of PANI-coated PPSU membranes after six and sixteen hours of incubation with Staphylococcus aureus were 70.6% and 88.0%, respectively.

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The Science of Ageism: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 646-646

Author(s):

Jerin Lee ◽

Natalie Shook

Keyword(s):

Psychological Health ◽

Well Being ◽

Census Bureau ◽

Complex Nature ◽

The Past ◽

Growing Pains ◽

Research Findings ◽

One Step ◽

Prejudicial Attitudes ◽

The Impact

Abstract The past two decades have been marked by a rapidly aging population in the U.S. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2018), making prejudicial attitudes toward older adults (i.e., ageism) and the impact of such attitudes more relevant. As such, ageism researchers have worked tirelessly to not only understand this normalized and insidious form of bias, but also develop efforts to combat it. This symposium will feature four ageism researchers who will showcase both the growing pains and novel contributions of ageism research, ranging from the impact of ageism on psychological health to ageism interventions to issues related to the measurement of ageism. Specifically, Dr. Ayalon will present findings regarding difficulties with the assessment of exposure to ageism and the consequences of ageism for psychological well-being. Dr. Horhota will share research demonstrating challenges associated with confronting ageism. Dr. Levy will present a model showcasing factors associated with the reduction of ageism. Ms. Lee will discuss research findings examining the construct validity of several ageism measures. These talks highlight theoretical and real-world implications associated with the complex nature of ageism, providing important directions for enriching ageism research going forward.

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