scholarly journals Continuous Sugarcane Planting Negatively Impacts Soil Microbial Community Structure, Soil Fertility, and Sugarcane Agronomic Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
Ziqin Pang ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab ◽  
Chuibao Kong ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Yueming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Sugarcane Plant ◽  
Sugarcane Yield

Continuous planting has a negative impact on sugarcane plant growth and reduces global sugarcane crop production, including in China. The response of soil bacteria, fungal, and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungal communities to continuous sugarcane cultivation has not been thoroughly documented. Using MiSeq sequencing technology, we analyzed soil samples from sugarcane fields with 1, 10, and 30 years of continuous cropping to see how monoculture time affected sugarcane yield, its rhizosphere soil characteristics and microbiota. The results showed that continuous sugarcane planting reduced sugarcane quality and yield. Continuous sugarcane planting for 30 years resulted in soil acidification, as well as C/N, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, organic matter, and total sulfur content significantly lower than in newly planted fields. Continuous sugarcane planting affected soil bacterial, fungal, and AM fungal communities, according to PCoA and ANOSIM analysis. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that bacterial, fungal, and AM fungal community composition were strongly associated with soil properties and attributes, e.g., soil AN, OM, and TS were critical environmental factors in transforming the bacterial community. The LEfSe analysis revealed bacterial families (e.g., Gaiellaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Micromonosporaceae, Nitrosomonadaceae, and Methyloligellaceae) were more prevalent in the newly planted field than in continuously cultivated fields (10 and 30 years), whereas Sphingomonadaceae, Coleofasciculaceae, and Oxyphotobacteria were depleted. Concerning fungal families, the newly planted field was more dominated than the continuously planted field (30 years) with Mrakiaceae and Ceratocystidaceae, whereas Piskurozymaceae, Trimorphomycetaceae, Lachnocladiaceae, and Stigmatodisc were significantly enriched in the continuously planted fields (10 and 30 years). Regarding AMF families, Diversisporaceae was considerably depleted in continuously planted fields (10 and 30 years) compared to the newly planted field. These changes in microbial composition may ultimately lead to a decrease in sugarcane yield and quality in the monoculture system, which provides a theoretical basis for the obstruction mechanism of the continuous sugarcane planting system. However, continuous planting obstacles remain uncertain and further need to be coupled with root exudates, soil metabolomics, proteomics, nematodes, and other exploratory methods.

scholarly journals Diversity of rhizosphere and endophytic fungi in Atractylodes macrocephala during continuous cropping

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8905
Author(s):  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Jianjun Wu ◽  
Qingyong Ji ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Shihui Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Atractylodes Macrocephala

Rhizospheric and endophytic fungi are key factors which influence plant fitness and soil fertility. Atractylodes macrocephala is one of the best-known perennial herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. Continuous cropping has been shown to have a negative effect on its growth and renders it more susceptible to microbial pathogen attacks. In this study, we investigated the effects of continuous cropping on the endophytic and rhizospheric fungi associated with A.  macrocephala using culture-independent Illumina MiSeq. Continuous cropping was found to decrease fungal diversity inside plant roots, stems, leaves and tubers. Additionally, we found that the structure and diversity of rhizospheric and endophytic fungal communities were altered by root-rot disease. Fusarium was overrepresented among root-rot rhizospheric and endophytic fungi, indicating that it has a major negative impact on plant health during A.  macrocephala monocropping. Canonical correspondence analysis of the control and diseased samples revealed that pH, hydrolysis N, electrical conductivity and Hg content were well-correlated with fungal community composition during continuous cropping. Taken together, these results highlight the ecological significance of fungal communities in maintaining plant fitness and will guide the development strategies to attenuate the negative impacts of A.  macrocephala continuous cropping.

scholarly journals Long-Term Monoculture Negatively Regulates Fungal Community Composition and Abundance of Tea Orchards

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Arafat ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab ◽  
Muhammad Umar Khan ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
Hira Amjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Continuous Cropping System ◽  
Tea Plants

Continuous cropping frequently leads to soil acidification and major soil-borne diseases in tea plants, resulting in low tea yield. We have limited knowledge about the effects of continuous tea monoculture on soil properties and the fungal community. Here, we selected three replanted tea fields with 2, 15, and 30 years of monoculture history to assess the influence of continuous cropping on fungal communities and soil physiochemical attributes. The results showed that continuous tea monoculture significantly reduced soil pH and tea yield. Alpha diversity analysis showed that species richness declined significantly as the tea planting years increased and the results based on diversity indicated inconsistency. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that monoculture duration had the highest loading in structuring fungal communities. The relative abundance of Ascomycota, Glomeromycota, and Chytridiomycota decreased and Zygomycota and Basidiomycota increased with increasing cropping time. Continuous tea cropping not only decreased some beneficial fungal species such as Mortierella alpina and Mortierella elongatula, but also promoted potentially pathogenic fungal species such as Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Microidium phyllanthi over time. Overall, continuous tea cropping decreased soil pH and potentially beneficial microbes and increased soil pathogenic microbes, which could be the reason for reducing tea yield. Thus, developing sustainable tea farming to improve soil pH, microbial activity, and enhanced beneficial soil microbes under a continuous cropping system is vital for tea production.

Effect of Nanobionics in crop production- A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinayak Fasake ◽  
Nita Patil ◽  
Zoya Javed ◽  
Mansi Mishra ◽  
Gyan Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
New Era ◽  
Mineral Toxicity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Favourable Situation ◽  
Unique Chemical ◽  
Macro Nutrients

: Nanobionics involves the improvement of plant or plant productivity using nanomaterials. Growth of a plant from a seed encompasses various factors which are directly or indirectly dependent upon the imbibition of micro and macro nutrients and vital elements from the soil. Since most of the nutrition is physiologically unavailable to the plants, it leads to mineral deficiencies in plant and mineral toxicity in soil. Either ways, it is not a favourable situation for the microcosom. The new era of nanotechnology offers a potential solution to the availability of the nutrients to the plants due to its unique chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles. Positive and negative impact of these nanoparticles on seed quality and plant growth varies according to the specific properties of nanoparticles. The present review is an attempt to summarize the impact of nanobionics in agriculture.

scholarly journals Wood-inhabiting fungal responses to forest naturalness vary among morpho-groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purhonen Jenna ◽  
Abrego Nerea ◽  
Komonen Atte ◽  
Huhtinen Seppo ◽  
Kotiranta Heikki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Protected Forests ◽  
Host Tree Species

AbstractThe general negative impact of forestry on wood-inhabiting fungal diversity is well recognized, yet the effect of forest naturalness is poorly disentangled among different fungal groups inhabiting dead wood of different tree species. We studied the relationship between forest naturalness, log characteristics and diversity of different fungal morpho-groups inhabiting large decaying logs of similar quality in spruce dominated boreal forests. We sampled all non-lichenized fruitbodies from birch, spruce, pine and aspen in 12 semi-natural forest sites of varying level of naturalness. The overall fungal community composition was mostly determined by host tree species. However, when assessing the relevance of the environmental variables separately for each tree species, the most important variable varied, naturalness being the most important explanatory variable for fungi inhabiting pine and aspen. More strikingly, the overall species richness increased as the forest naturalness increased, both at the site and log levels. At the site scale, the pattern was mostly driven by the discoid and pyrenoid morpho-groups inhabiting pine, whereas at the log scale, it was driven by pileate and resupinate morpho-groups inhabiting spruce. Although our study demonstrates that formerly managed protected forests serve as effective conservation areas for most wood-inhabiting fungal groups, it also shows that conservation planning and management should account for group- or host tree -specific responses.

A Survey of Glyphosate-Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) in Missouri Soybean Fields and Prediction of Glyphosate Resistance in Future Waterhemp Populations Based on In-Field Observations and Management Practices

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin K. Rosenbaum ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Amaranthus Rudis

A survey of soybean fields containing waterhemp infestations was conducted just prior to harvest in 2008 and 2009 to determine the frequency and distribution of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp in Missouri, and to determine if there are any in-field parameters that may serve as indicators of glyphosate resistance in this species in future crop production systems. Glyphosate resistance was confirmed in 99 out of 144, or 69%, of the total waterhemp populations sampled, which occurred in 41 counties of Missouri. Populations of glyphosate-resistant waterhemp were more likely to occur in fields with no other weed species present at the end of the season, continuous cropping of soybean, exclusive use of glyphosate for several consecutive seasons, and waterhemp plants showing obvious signs of surviving herbicide treatment compared to fields characterized with glyphosate-susceptible waterhemp. Therefore, it is suggested that these four site parameters, and certain combinations of these parameters, serve as predictors of glyphosate resistance in future waterhemp populations.

Do fungi and bacteria respond similar across a steep local pH gradient?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Kjoller ◽  
Carla Cruz-Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Bacterial Richness

<p>Soil pH is consistently recorded as the single most important variable explaining bacterial richness and community composition locally as globally. Bacterial richness responds to soil pH in a bell-shaped pattern, highest in soils with near-neutral pH, while lower diversity is found in soil with pH >8 and <4.5. Also, community turnover is strongly determined by pH for bacteria. In contrast, pH effects on fungi is apparently less pronounced though also much less studied compared to bacteria. Still, pH appears to be a significant determinant for fungal communities but typically not the most important. Rarely are bacterial and fungal communities co-analyzed from the same field samples taken across pH gradients. Here we analyze the community responses of fungi and bacteria in parallel over an extreme pH gradient ranging from pH 4 to 8 established by applying strongly alkaline wood ash to replicated plots in a Picea abies plantation. Bacterial and fungal community composition were assessed by amplicon-based meta-barcoding. Bacterial richness were not significantly affected by pH, while fungal richness and a-diversity were stimulated with higher pH. We found that both, bacterial and fungal communities increasingly deviated from the untreated plots with increasing amount of wood ash though fungal communities were more resistant to changes than bacterial. Soil NH<sub>4</sub>, NO<sub>3</sub> and pH significantly correlated with the NMDS pattern for both bacterial and fungal communities. In the presentation we will discuss resistance versus sensitivity of different fungal functional guilds towards higher pH as well as the underlying factors explaining the community changes.</p>

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF CARBON FARMING DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Radik Safin ◽  
Ayrat Valiev ◽  
Valeriya Kolesar
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Republic

Global climatic changes have a negative impact on the development of all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. However, the very production of agricultural products is one of the most important sources of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere. Taking into account the need to reduce the “carbon footprint” in food production, a special place is occupied by the analysis of the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and the development of measures for their sequestration in agriculture. One of the main directions for reducing emissions and immobilizing greenhouse gases is the development of special techniques for their sequestration in the soil, including those used in agriculture. Adaptation of existing farming systems for this task will significantly reduce the “carbon footprint” from agricultural production, including animal husbandry. The development of carbon farming allows not only to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also to significantly increase the level of soil fertility, primarily by increasing the content of organic matter in them. As a result, it becomes possible, along with the production of crop production, to produce “carbon units” that are sold on local and international markets. The paper analyzes possible greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and the potential for their sequestration in agricultural soils. The role of various elements of the farming system in solving the problem of reducing the “carbon footprint” is considered and ways of developing carbon farming in the Republic of Tatarstan are proposed

scholarly journals Analysis of the Bacterial and Fungal Community Profiles in Bulk Soil and Rhizospheres of Three Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] Genotypes through PCR-DGGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Anna Mae M. de los Reyes ◽  
Eureka Teresa M. Ocampo ◽  
Ma. Carmina C. Manuel ◽  
Bernadette C. Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Rhizosphere Effect ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity

Each plant species is regarded to substantially influence and thus, select for specific rhizosphere microbial populations. This is considered in the exploitation of soil microbial diversity associated with important crops, which has been of interest in modern agricultural practices for sustainable productivity. This study used PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) in order to obtain an initial assessment of the bacterial and fungal communities associated in bulk soil and rhizospheres of different mungbean genotypes under natural field conditions. Integrated use of multivariate analysis and diversity index showed plant growth stage as the primary driver of community shifts in both microbial groups while rhizosphere effect was found to be less discrete in fungal communities. On the other hand, genotype effect was not discerned but not inferred to be absent due to possible lack of manifestations of differences among genotypes based on tolerance to drought under non-stressed environment, and due to detection limits of DGGE. Sequence analysis of prominent members further revealed that Bacillus and Arthrobacter species were dominant in bacterial communities whereas members of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were common in fungal communities of mungbean. Overall, fungal communities had higher estimated diversity and composition heterogeneity, and were more dynamic under plant growth influence, rhizosphere effect and natural environmental conditions during mungbean growth in upland field. These primary evaluations are prerequisite to understanding the interactions between plant and rhizosphere microorganisms with the intention of employing their potential use for sustainable crop production.

scholarly journals ЕКОТОКСИКОЛОГІЧНА ОЦІНКА БІОДОБРИВ (ПРОДУКТІВ ФЕРМЕНТАЦІЇ БІОГАЗОВОЇ УСТАНОВКИ) НА ПРЕДМЕТ ЇХ ВІДПОВІДНОСТІ ВИМОГАМ ОРГАНІЧНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА

2014 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Н. А. Макаренко ◽  
В. І. Бондарь ◽  
Г. М. Борщ ◽  
А. В. Сальнікова
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Ecological Safety ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Organic Crop Production ◽  
Safety Rules

Проведено екотоксикологічну оцінку безпечностібіодобрива – продукту переробки гною у біогазовійустановці – за впливом на мікро- і мезофауну ґрунтута сільськогосподарські рослини. На основі отрима-них результатів було обґрунтовано екологобезпечнінорми застосування біодобрива в органічному вироб-ництві продукції рослинництва. Встановлено, щозастосування досліджуваного біодобрива позитивновпливає на урожайність сільськогосподарських куль-тур, а за умов дотримання екологобезпечних нормвнесення відсутній негативний вплив на агроеко-систему. An Eco toxicological assessment of the safety of biofertilizer was conducted – the influence of the product of the processing manure in biogas plant on the soil micro- and mesofauna and agricultural plants. Based on the results we have grounded the ecological safety rules of biofertilizers application in organic crop production. It was established that the use of studied biofertilizers affects positively the productivity of crops and if to subject to ecological safety standards of biofertilizers introduction there is no negative impact on agro-ecosystem.

scholarly journals QTL analysis and management of plant productivity in the precision agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Chesnokov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Steady Increase

Modern crop cultivation technologies have reached the limits of “saturation” both in the ecological (environmental pollution, suppression of the mechanisms of its self-regulation), energy (exponential growth of irreplaceable energy costs for each additional unit of production), and in production. In this regard, environmental factors (air drought, frosts, active temperatures, etc.), which cannot be optimized, are becoming increasingly important in ensuring a steady increase in the yield of cultivated plant forms. In recent decades, more and more attention has been paid to technogenic and biological systems of agriculture, based on the ecologization and biologization of the intensification processes of adaptive crop production. Such approaches are the precision agriculture system (PA) and QTL analysis. Using these approaches allows not only to ensure a steady increase in productivity due to the combined use of the advantages of precision farming and molecular genetic assessment, including the creation of new forms and varieties that are responsive to РА agricultural practices, but also to level the negative impact of abiotic and biotic environmental factors that limit the size and quality of the crop as well as plant productivity. It is shown that the strategy of adaptive intensification of crop production through the use of the TK system and QTL analysis approaches is not alternative to existing farming systems, however, it focuses modern agriculture on the growth of knowledge-intensive agricultural production as a whole. An analysis of the causes under consideration, the current unfavorable trends in modern crop production and agriculture, clearly shows their scale and long-term nature, and therefore the inevitability of the search for new priorities for intensification of crop production and agriculture, providing a qualitatively new stage of their development in the interests of man.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document