scholarly journals Cubic Liquid Crystalline Nanostructures Involving Catalase and Curcumin: BioSAXS Study and Catalase Peroxidatic Function after Cubosomal Nanoparticle Treatment of Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miora Rakotoarisoa ◽  
Borislav Angelov ◽  
Shirly Espinoza ◽  
Krishna Khakurel ◽  
Thomas Bizien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dual Drug

The development of nanomedicines for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders demands innovative nanoarchitectures for combined loading of multiple neuroprotective compounds. We report dual-drug loaded monoolein-based liquid crystalline architectures designed for the encapsulation of a therapeutic protein and a small molecule antioxidant. Catalase (CAT) is chosen as a metalloprotein, which provides enzymatic defense against oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Curcumin (CU), solubilized in fish oil, is co-encapsulated as a chosen drug with multiple therapeutic activities, which may favor neuro-regeneration. The prepared self-assembled biomolecular nanoarchitectures are characterized by biological synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (BioSAXS) at multiple compositions of the lipid/co-lipid/water phase diagram. Constant fractions of curcumin (an antioxidant) and a PEGylated agent (TPEG1000) are included with regard to the lipid fraction. Stable cubosome architectures are obtained for several ratios of the lipid ingredients monoolein (MO) and fish oil (FO). The impact of catalase on the structural organization of the cubosome nanocarriers is revealed by the variations of the cubic lattice parameters deduced by BioSAXS. The outcome of the cellular uptake of the dual drug-loaded nanocarriers is assessed by performing a bioassay of catalase peroxidatic activity in lysates of nanoparticle-treated differentiated SH-SY5Y human cells. The obtained results reveal the neuroprotective potential of the in vitro studied cubosomes in terms of enhanced peroxidatic activity of the catalase enzyme, which enables the inhibition of H2O2 accumulation in degenerating neuronal cells.

Preparation of Nanostructured Lipid Drug Delivery Particles Using Microfluidic Mixing

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Hong ◽  
Yao-Da Dong ◽  
Ben J. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Microfluidic Mixing ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
The Impact

Background: Cubosomes are highly ordered self-assembled lipid particles analogous to liposomes, but with internal liquid crystalline structure. They are receiving interest as stimuli responsive delivery particles, but their preparation typically requires high energy approaches such as sonication which is not favourable in many applications. Objective: Here we investigated the impact of microfluidic preparation on particle size distribution and internal structure of cubosomes prepared from two different lipid systems, phytantriol and glyceryl monooleate (GMO). Methods: The impact of relative flow rates of the aqueous and organic streams, the total flow rate and temperature were investigated in a commercial microfluidic system. The particle size distribution and structure were measured using dynamic light scattering and small angle X-ray scattering respectively. Results: Phytantriol based particles were robust to different processing conditions, while cubosomes formed using GMO were more sensitive to composition both locally and globally, which reflects their preparation using other techniques. Conclusion: Thus, in summary microfluidics represents a reproducible and versatile method to prepare complex lipid particle dispersions such as cubosomes.

scholarly journals Vancomycin Loaded Glycerol Monooleate Liquid Crystalline Phases Modified with Surfactants

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Spomenka Milak ◽  
Angela Chemelli ◽  
Otto Glatter ◽  
Andreas Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polyglycerol Ester ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Release Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Glycerol Monooleate

The influence of two tuning agents, polyglycerol ester (PE) and triblock copolymer (TC), on the properties of glycerol monooleate (MO) liquid crystalline phase (LCP) was investigated to achieve the therapeutic concentration of vancomycin hydrochloride (VHCl) into the eye, topically during 60 min (1 h) and intravitreally during 2880 min (48 h). Different techniques were used to elucidate the impact of surfactants on the structure of the LCP: polarized light microscopy (PLM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and in vitro release tests I and II (simulating local and intravitreal application in the eye). The structure analysis by SAXS depicts that the inclusion of PE into the MO LCP provided partial transition of a hexagonal phase into a lamellar phase, and TC induced a partial transition of a hexagonal phase into an LCP which identification was difficult. The LCP modulated with PE and TC demonstrated different VHCl’s release patterns and were evaluated by comparing our release data with the literature data. The comparison indicated that the LCP modulated with 30% w/w PE could be a promising VHCl delivery system intravitreally during 2880 min.

scholarly journals The impact of EPA and DHA on blood lipids and lipoprotein metabolism: influence of apoE genotype

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliz Anil
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Blood Lipid Levels

Fish and fish oil-rich sources of long-chainn-3 fatty acids have been shown to be cardio-protective, through a multitude of different pathways including effects on arrythymias, endothelial function, inflammation and thrombosis, as well as modulation of both the fasting and postprandial blood lipid profile. To date the majority of studies have examined the impact of EPA and DHA fed simultaneously as fish or fish oil supplements. However, a number of recent studies have compared the relative biopotency of EPAv. DHA in relation to their effect on blood lipid levels. Although many beneficial effects of fish oils have been demonstrated, concern exists about the potential deleterious impact of EPA and DHA on LDL-cholesterol, with a highly-heterogenous response of this lipid fraction reported in the literature. Recent evidence suggests that apoE genotype may be in part responsible. In the present review the impact of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular risk and the blood lipoprotein profile will be considered, with a focus on the apoE gene locus as a possible determinant of lipid responsiveness to fish oil intervention.

Use of light microscopy in the qualitative and quantitative study of liquid crystalline order

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Christopher Viney
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Order ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Convenient Technique ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Materials ◽  
Transparent Windows

Light microscopy is a convenient technique for characterizing molecular order in fluid liquid crystalline materials. Microstructures can usually be observed under the actual conditions that promote the formation of liquid crystalline phases, whether or not a solvent is required, and at temperatures that can range from the boiling point of nitrogen to 600°C. It is relatively easy to produce specimens that are sufficiently thin and flat, simply by confining a droplet between glass cover slides. Specimens do not need to be conducting, and they do not have to be maintained in a vacuum. Drybox or other controlled environmental conditions can be maintained in a sealed chamber equipped with transparent windows; some heating/ freezing stages can be used for this purpose. It is relatively easy to construct a modified stage so that the generation and relaxation of global molecular order can be observed while specimens are being sheared, simulating flow conditions that exist during processing. Also, light only rarely affects the chemical composition or molecular weight distribution of the sample. Because little or no processing is required after collecting the sample, one can be confident that biologically derived materials will reveal many of their in vivo structural characteristics, even though microscopy is performed in vitro.

Time-Resolved Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Oscillating Microtubules

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Mandelkow ◽  
Ron Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Entire Solution ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Ray Scattering

Microtubules form part of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. They are hollow libers of about 25 nm diameter made up of 13 protofilaments, each of which consists of a chain of heterodimers of α-and β-tubulin. Microtubules can be assembled in vitro at 37°C in the presence of GTP which is hydrolyzed during the reaction, and they are disassembled at 4°C. In contrast to most other polymers microtubules show the behavior of “dynamic instability”, i.e. they can switch between phases of growth and phases of shrinkage, even at an overall steady state [1]. In certain conditions an entire solution can be synchronized, leading to autonomous oscillations in the degree of assembly which can be observed by X-ray scattering (Fig. 1), light scattering, or electron microscopy [2-5]. In addition such solutions are capable of generating spontaneous spatial patterns [6].In an earlier study we have analyzed the structure of microtubules and their cold-induced disassembly by cryo-EM [7]. One result was that disassembly takes place by loss of protofilament fragments (tubulin oligomers) which fray apart at the microtubule ends. We also looked at microtubule oscillations by time-resolved X-ray scattering and proposed a reaction scheme [4] which involves a cyclic interconversion of tubulin, microtubules, and oligomers (Fig. 2). The present study was undertaken to answer two questions: (a) What is the nature of the oscillations as seen by time-resolved cryo-EM? (b) Do microtubules disassemble by fraying protofilament fragments during oscillations at 37°C?

Formulation and Evaluation of Fish Oil-based Rizatriptan Microemulsion for Intranasal Migraine Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2972-2978
Author(s):  
Kanchan P Upadhye ◽  
Divya Senpal ◽  
Minakshee Nimbalwar ◽  
Gouri Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Existence Region ◽  
Microemulsion Based Gel ◽  
Micro Emulsion ◽  
Pseudoternary Phase Diagram

In the present study microemulsion based intranasal gel of rizatriptan using fish oil was prepared for treatment and management of migraine to sustain the drug release and improve the drug residence time in nasal cavity. Fish oil is reported to have antimigraine activity hence it has been used in the present formulation along with cremophore EL as surfactant and Transcutol P as co-surfactant. The pseudoternary phase diagram plotted with these components shown the microemulsion existence region in ratio of (1:9-9:1) surfactant and co-surfactant. The optimized micro-emulsion contained fish oil (45.29%), cremophore E/transcutol P (2:1) and was characterized for pH (6.3±0.02), viscosity (114 ± 3.00cp), % transmittance (99.5 ± 1.01), refractive index (1.335±0.01),). The prepared microemulsion gels were optimized and characterized for in-vitro studies, pH, drug content, rheological studies and stability study. The release of rizatriptan from micro-emulsion gel prepared from carbopol 934 (98.01%) was found to be higher and prolonged than plain gel. Thus, microemulsion based gel was able to prolong drug releaseand improve drug residence time in the nasal cavity. 

The Predominant microRNAs in β-cell Clusters for Insulin Regulation and Diabetic Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 722-734
Author(s):  
Adele Soltani ◽  
Arefeh Jafarian ◽  
Abdolamir Allameh
Keyword(s):  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
In Vitro Proliferation ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Mirna Expression Profiles ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
The Impact

micro (mi)-RNAs are vital regulators of multiple processes including insulin signaling pathways and glucose metabolism. Pancreatic β-cells function is dependent on some miRNAs and their target mRNA, which together form a complex regulative network. Several miRNAs are known to be directly involved in β-cells functions such as insulin expression and secretion. These small RNAs may also play significant roles in the fate of β-cells such as proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis. Among the miRNAs, miR-7, miR-9, miR-375, miR-130 and miR-124 are of particular interest due to being highly expressed in these cells. Under diabetic conditions, although no specific miRNA profile has been noticed, the expression of some miRNAs and their target mRNAs are altered by posttranscriptional mechanisms, exerting diverse signs in the pathobiology of various diabetic complications. The aim of this review article is to discuss miRNAs involved in the process of stem cells differentiation into β-cells, resulting in enhanced β-cell functions with respect to diabetic disorders. This paper will also look into the impact of miRNA expression patterns on in vitro proliferation and differentiation of β-cells. The efficacy of the computational genomics and biochemical analysis to link the changes in miRNA expression profiles of stem cell-derived β-cells to therapeutically relevant outputs will be discussed as well.

The Impact of Antioxidants from the Diet on Breast Cancer Cells Monitored by Raman Microspectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Paula Sofia Coutinho Medeiros ◽  
Ana Lúcia Marques Batista de Carvalho ◽  
Cristina Ruano ◽  
Juan Carlos Otero ◽  
Maria Paula Matos Marques
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of the ubiquitous dietary phenolic compound p-coumaric acid on human breast cancer cells was assessed, through a multidisciplinary approach: Combined biological assays for cytotoxicity evaluation and biochemical profiling by Raman microspectroscopic analysis in cells. </P><P> Methods: Para-coumaric acid was shown to exert in vitro chemoprotective and antitumor activities, depending on the concentration and cell line probed: a significant anti-invasive ability was detected for the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells, while a high pro-oxidant effect was found for the estrogen- dependent MCF-7 cells. A striking cell selectivity was obtained, with a more noticeable outcome on the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cell line. Results: The main impact on the cellular biochemical profile was verified to be on proteins and lipids, thus justifying the compound´s anti-invasive effect and chemoprotective ability. Conclusion: p-Coumaric acid was thus shown to be a promising chemoprotective/chemotherapeutic agent, particularly against the low prognosis triple-negative human breast adenocarcinoma.

VDAC1 Mediated Anticancer Activity of Gallic Acid in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aikebaier Maimaiti ◽  
Amier Aili ◽  
Hureshitanmu Kuerban ◽  
Xuejun Li
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Lung Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
The Impact

Aims: Gallic acid (GA) is generally distributed in a variety of plants and foods, and possesses cell growth-inhibiting activities in cancer cell lines. In the present study, the impact of GA on cell viability, apoptosis induction and possible molecular mechanisms in cultured A549 lung carcinoma cells was investigated. Methods: In vitro experiments showed that treating A549 cells with various concentrations of GA inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In order to understand the mechanism by which GA inhibits cell viability, comparative proteomic analysis was applied. The changed proteins were identified by Western blot and siRNA methods. Results: Two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed changes that occurred to the cells when treated with or without GA. Four up-regulated protein spots were clearly identified as malate dehydrogenase (MDH), voltagedependent, anion-selective channel protein 1(VDAC1), calreticulin (CRT) and brain acid soluble protein 1(BASP1). VDAC1 in A549 cells was reconfirmed by western blot. Transfection with VDAC1 siRNA significantly increased cell viability after the treatment of GA. Further investigation showed that GA down regulated PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. These data strongly suggest that up-regulation of VDAC1 by GA may play an important role in GA-induced, inhibitory effects on A549 cell viability.

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