scholarly journals The Business of DNA Nanotechnology: Commercialization of Origami and Other Technologies

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Dna Nanotechnology ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Nanoscale Structures ◽  
Patent Applications

It is often argued that DNA nanotechnology has a multitude of possible applications. However, despite great advances in the understanding of the fundamental principles of the field, to date, there has been comparatively little commercial activity. Analysis of patent applications and company case studies suggests that this is now starting to change. The number of patent application filings is increasing, and new companies are being formed to exploit technologies based on nanoscale structures and devices made from DNA. There are parallels between the commercial developments in this field and those observed in other areas of innovation. Further commercialization is expected and new players will emerge.

scholarly journals Hybrid Nanoassemblies from Viruses and DNA Nanostructures

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1413
Author(s):  
Sofia Ojasalo ◽  
Petteri Piskunen ◽  
Boxuan Shen ◽  
Mauri A. Kostiainen ◽  
Veikko Linko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Activation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Dna Nanotechnology ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dna Nanostructures ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Nanoscale Structures ◽  
Immune Cell Activation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structural Dna Nanotechnology

Viruses are among the most intriguing nanostructures found in nature. Their atomically precise shapes and unique biological properties, especially in protecting and transferring genetic information, have enabled a plethora of biomedical applications. On the other hand, structural DNA nanotechnology has recently emerged as a highly useful tool to create programmable nanoscale structures. They can be extended to user defined devices to exhibit a wide range of static, as well as dynamic functions. In this review, we feature the recent development of virus-DNA hybrid materials. Such structures exhibit the best features of both worlds by combining the biological properties of viruses with the highly controlled assembly properties of DNA. We present how the DNA shapes can act as “structured” genomic material and direct the formation of virus capsid proteins or be encapsulated inside symmetrical capsids. Tobacco mosaic virus-DNA hybrids are discussed as the examples of dynamic systems and directed formation of conjugates. Finally, we highlight virus-mimicking approaches based on lipid- and protein-coated DNA structures that may elicit enhanced stability, immunocompatibility and delivery properties. This development also paves the way for DNA-based vaccines as the programmable nano-objects can be used for controlling immune cell activation.

scholarly journals Indian medical device sector: insights from patent filing trends

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchita Markan ◽  
Yogmaya Verma
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
The Government ◽  
Patent Filing

In this study, patent application filing trends in India for the last decade (2005–2014) were analysed to understand the medical device patent filing profile. As India is the key emerging market with huge market potential, this study was also undertaken to identify the top medical device companies filing patents in India, the niche technology domains with maximum filings, key gaps in medical device innovation profile and scope for business opportunities. It was observed that patent application filings in the medical device sector during the last 5 years (2009–2013) contributed only to 2% of the total patent applications filed, which may be attributed to nascent medical device sector and lack of Intellectual Property (IP) awareness or funding support for IP filings. The analysis shows increasing trends in medical device patent applications in India, with major share of patent applications being filed from the USA. The Indian applications in this sector contributed only to 17% of the total patent application filings in the last decade. Although foreign players dominate the medical device sector, this study indicates that though at a small scale, Indian applicants are actively filing patents in all key domains of the medical device sector. With the enabling environment being provided by the Government of India with recent policy initiatives such as Startup India, Make in India, 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)and so on and support to start-ups for IP filings, the Indian medical device industry is expected to witness aggressive IP filing and innovation trends and is poised to grow exponentially targeting US$50 billion industry by 2025.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Product Liability, Litigation Regimes and the Propensity to Patent: an Empirical Firm-level Investigation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitja Kovac ◽  
Salvini Datta ◽  
Rok Spruk
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
European Patent ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Second Category ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

<p>Our data on the legal status of patent applications is from European Patent Office's (EPO) PATSTAT database which contains bibliographic and legal status firm-level patent data from leading industrialized and developing countries for the period 1995-2015. Sixteen different forms of legal statues are broadly classified and systematized into four broad categories. The first category entails the patent applications sent to EPO. This category is used to code firm-level observations based on whether the patent application has been submitted to EPO. The second category comprises the pooled firm-level observations for which the patent application has been approved and official validated. This category comprises the firms for which a valid patent has been approved in a given year. The third category comprises the firms whose patent application has been rejected by EPO on various ground which exceed the scope of this paper. And fourth, the remaining forms of legal status were coded into miscellaneous category which amounts to a minor fraction of the whole set of applications and which are omitted from the empirical analysis.</p>

scholarly journals Dynamic DNA Origami Devices: from Strand-Displacement Reactions to External-Stimuli Responsive Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heini Ijäs ◽  
Sami Nummelin ◽  
Boxuan Shen ◽  
Mauri Kostiainen ◽  
Veikko Linko
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Dna Nanotechnology ◽  
Dna Origami ◽  
Dna Assembly ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Nanoscale Structures ◽  
Displacement Reactions ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
External Stimuli

DNA nanotechnology provides an excellent foundation for diverse nanoscale structures that can be used in various bioapplications and materials research. Among all existing DNA assembly techniques, DNA origami proves to be the most robust one for creating custom nanoshapes. Since its invention in 2006, building from the bottom up using DNA advanced drastically, and therefore, more and more complex DNA-based systems became accessible. So far, the vast majority of the demonstrated DNA origami frameworks are static by nature; however, there also exist dynamic DNA origami devices that are increasingly coming into view. In this review, we discuss DNA origami nanostructures that exhibit controlled translational or rotational movement when triggered by predefined DNA sequences, various molecular interactions, and/or external stimuli such as light, pH, temperature, and electromagnetic fields. The rapid evolution of such dynamic DNA origami tools will undoubtedly have a significant impact on molecular-scale precision measurements, targeted drug delivery and diagnostics; however, they can also play a role in the development of optical/plasmonic sensors, nanophotonic devices, and nanorobotics for numerous different tasks.

scholarly journals A Study on the Development Trends of the Energy System with Blockchain Technology Using Patent Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2005
Author(s):  
Lin-Yun Huang ◽  
Jian-Feng Cai ◽  
Tien-Chen Lee ◽  
Min-Hang Weng
Keyword(s):  
Patent Application ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Patent Analysis ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Patent Applications

Recently, the application of blockchain to the setting, management, and trading of the energy system has formed an innovative technology and has attracted a lot of attention from industry, academia, and research. In this study, we use patent analysis technology to explore the development trends of the energy system with blockchain technology. During the patent analysis process, this study makes corresponding analysis charts, such as patent application numbers over time, patent application numbers for main leading countries, applicants, patent citations, international patent classification (IPC), and life cycle. Relative research and design (R&D) capability of the top ten applicants is estimated and the cluster map of the technology is obtained. The technical features of the top five IPC patent applications are related to the cluster map to show the development of energy blockchain technology. Through this paper, first, the basics of the blockchain and patent analysis are illustrated and, moreover, the reason why and how blockchain technology can be combined with the energy system is also briefly described and analyzed. The results of the patent analysis of energy blockchain technology indicate that the United States leads the way, accounting for more than half of the global total. It is also interesting to note that the participants are not from traditional specific fields, but included electric power manufacturers, computer software companies, e-commerce companies, and even many new companies devoted to blockchain technology. Walmart Apollo, LLC and International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) have the highest number of patent applications. However, Walmart Apollo, LLC ranks first with a greater number of inventors of 36, an activity year of 2 years, and a relative R&D capability of 100%. IBM ranks second with an activity year of 3 years and a research and development capability of 91%. Among various applicants, IBM and LO3 energy started earlier in this field, and their patent output is also more prominent. The IPC is mainly concentrated in G06Q 50/06, which belongs to the technical field of the setting and management of the energy system including electricity, gas, or water supply. Currently, most projects are in the early development stages, and research on key areas is still ongoing to improve the required scalability, decentralization, and security. Thus, energy blockchain technology is still in the growth period, and there is still considerable room for development of the patent in the later period. Moreover, it is suggested that the novel communication module such as the combination of the consortium blockchain and the private blockchain cold also provide their own advantages to achieve the purpose of improving system performance and efficiency.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Trend of Sewage Treatment Technology Patent in Dalian, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Fengying Huang ◽  
Yubo Cui ◽  
Wanjun Zhang ◽  
Luosang zhuma ◽  
Zhongwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Utility Model ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
The Future ◽  
Patent Applications

The development status and trend of the patents related to sewage treatment technology in Dalian, China in the past decade may affect the future environmental protection industry development. The status quo of patent applications related to wastewater treatment technology was analyzed from the perspectives of application volume, disclosure volume, application organization, type composition of invention and utility model patent products and legal status. The results indicated that the total number of filed patents were 894, and the number of issued patents were 914 in recent ten years, showing an increasing trend for sewage treatment technology in Dalian, China. However, there were distinct differences between the application agencies of invention patents and utility model patents. Most of the invention patents came from universities, with 264 in the top five, and most of the utility model patents came from enterprises, with 134 in the top five. Among the product types, the highest number of patent applications was water, wastewater, or sludge treatment technology, a total of 761. At this point, the two patent directions had the same trend. In the state of law, although the number of applications and disclosures was 470, which was more than 416 actually authorized, it was not difficult to find that sewage treatment industry in Dalian, China was in an increasingly developing stage and the patents actually obtained had higher quality assurance. In conclusion, this essay from the perspective of patent application made a simple explanation the future development of sewage treatment industry and the problems existing in the practical application of sewage treatment technology. Finally, from the perspective of patent application, the paper analyzed the future development of sewage treatment industry and the problems existing in the practical application of sewage treatment technology.

scholarly journals Patent Analysis of Sulfur Autotrophic Denitrification Technology in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Yihai Chen ◽  
Donghe Yang ◽  
Guangsheng Li ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Tao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Autotrophic Denitrification ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Patent Value ◽  
Patent Search ◽  
Chinese Patent ◽  
Patent Applications

In order to grasp the overall status of sulfur autotrophic denitrification related patents, and better carry out sulfur autotrophic denitrification related research and intellectual property protection, based on the SooPAT Chinese patent search engine and Baiteng.com platform, from the first patent application year to the search deadline was to analyze the number, legal status, technical field distribution, and patent value of the sulfur autotrophic denitrification patents filed in China. The results showed that the number of patents filed each year had increased rapidly since 2012. The number of patents filed in 2019 was 10 times the number of patent applications from 2001 to 2011, and the patents granted were mainly concentrated in the field of sewage (waste) water treatment, accounting for 83.64% of the total number of patents. The overall patent value was in the middle and lower level, and there were no high-value patents.

scholarly journals Assessment of analytical techniques for characterization of crystalline clopidogrel forms in patent applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-242
Author(s):  
Luiz Marcelo Lira ◽  
Alexandre Lopes Lourenço ◽  
Guilherme Ferreira Neves ◽  
Valéria Pereira de Sousa ◽  
Carlos Rangel Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patent Application ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Clopidogrel Bisulfate ◽  
Chemical Crystallography ◽  
Crystallization Procedure ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Blockbuster Drug ◽  
Crystalline Forms

The aim of this study was to evaluate two important aspects of patent applications of crystalline forms of drugs: (i) the physicochemical characterization of the crystalline forms; and (ii) the procedure for preparing crystals of the blockbuster drug clopidogrel. To this end, searches were conducted using online patent databases. The results showed that: (i) the majority of patent applications for clopidogrel crystalline forms failed to comply with proposed Brazilian Patent Office guidelines. This was primarily due to insufficient number of analytical techniques evaluating the crystalline phase. In addition, some patent applications lacked assessment of chemical/crystallography purity; (ii) use of more than two analytical techniques is important; and (iii) the crystallization procedure for clopidogrel bisulfate form II were irreproducible based on the procedure given in the patent application.

scholarly journals Valuation of FinTech Innovation Based on Patent Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10158
Author(s):  
Jelena Kabulova ◽  
Jelena Stankevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Machine Learning Applications ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Patent Applications

The financial services sector, perhaps more than any other, is being disrupted by advances in technology. The purpose of this study is to provide comprehensive data and evidence on value of the FinTech innovation event. First, a text-based filtering method for identifying FinTech patent applications is provided. Using machine learning applications, innovations are classified into major technology groups. The methodology for valuation of FinTech innovation is based on data of stock price changes. To assess the value impact, Poisson flow rates and stock price movements were combined. Further, to evaluate the effect of FinTech patents on the company’s value, a combination of CAR of patent application and Poisson intensities were used. Research findings provide evidence that FinTech innovations bring significant value for innovators and Blockchain being especially valuable. Such innovations as blockchain, robo-advising and mobile transactions are the most valuable for the financial sector. On one side of the spectrum, the financial industry can be affected more negatively by the innovation of nonfinancial startups that carry disruptive technology at their core. However, on the other side of the spectrum, market leaders who make significant investments in their innovations can evade most of these negative effects. This helped to form an overall view of FinTech innovations.

scholarly journals Design of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coils with Optimal Trade-off between Depth, Focality, and Energy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis J. Gomez ◽  
Stefan M. Goetz ◽  
Angel V. Peterchev
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Patent Applications

ABSTRACTBackgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique used for research and clinical applications. Existent TMS coils are limited in their precision of spatial targeting (focality), especially for deeper targets.ObjectiveThis paper presents a methodology for designing TMS coils to achieve optimal trade-off between the depth and focality of the induced electric field (E-field), as well as the energy required by the coil.MethodsA multi-objective optimization technique is used for computationally designing TMS coils that achieve optimal trade-offs between stimulation focality, depth, and energy (fdTMS coils). The fdTMS coil winding(s) maximize focality (minimize stimulated volume) while reaching a target at a specified depth and not exceeding predefined peak E-field strength and required coil energy. Spherical and MRI-derived head models are used to compute the fundamental depth–focality trade-off as well as focality–energy trade-offs for specific target depths.ResultsAcross stimulation target depths of 1.0–3.4 cm from the brain surface, the stimulated volume can be theoretically decreased by 42%–55% compared to existing TMS coil designs. The stimulated volume of a figure-8 coil can be decreased by 36%, 44%, or 46%, for matched, doubled, or quadrupled energy. For matched focality and energy, the depth of a figure-8 coil can be increased by 22%.ConclusionComputational design of TMS coils could enable more selective targeting of the induced E-field. The presented results appear to be the first significant advancement in the depth–focality trade-off of TMS coils since the introduction of the figure-8 coil three decades ago, and likely represent the fundamental physical limit.DECLARATION OF INTERESTThe fdTMS technology described in this paper is subject to a provisional patent application by Duke University with the authors as inventors. Additionally: L.J.G. is inventor on a patent pertaining to the design of focal multicoil TMS systems. S.M.G. is inventor on patents and patent applications; he has received royalties from Rogue Research, TU Muenchen, and Porsche; furthermore, he has been provided with research support and patent fee reimbursement from Magstim Co. A.V.P. is inventor on patents and patent applications, and has received research and travel support as well as patent royalties from Rogue Research; research and travel support, consulting fees, as well as equipment loan from Tal Medical / Neurex; patent application and research support from Magstim; and equipment loans from MagVenture, all related to technology for transcranial magnetic stimulation.

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