Effect of Different Durations of Solid-Phase Fermentation for Fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub) Leaves on the Content of Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity In Vitro

Fireweed has recently been recognized as a plant with high antioxidant potential and phenolic content. Its leaves can be fermented to prepare an infusion with ideal antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate and to determine the influence of solid-phase fermentation of different durations on the variation of polyphenols in the leaves of fireweed. Laboratory experiments were conducted in 2017–2018. The leaves of fireweed, naturally growing, were fermented for different periods of time: not fermented (control) and fermented for 24 and 48 h. The evaluation of polyphenols and antioxidant activity in leaves was performed using high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, principal component analysis was used to characterize differences in bioactive compounds between fireweed samples fermented at different durations. Solid-phase fermented leaves were characterized by higher contents of oenothein B, quercetin and benzoic acid but had lower contents of quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, luteolin and chlorogenic and gallic acids. Antioxidant activity in short- (24 h) and long-term (48 h) fermentation (compared to control) gave the highest level of regression in 2017, but in 2018 the effect was observed only with short-term fermentation and control. In conclusion, solid-phase fermentation can be used to modulate biologically active compounds in fireweed leaves.

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Studies of the Variability of Polyphenols and Carotenoids in Different Methods Fermented Organic Leaves of Willowherb (Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub)

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10155254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (15) ◽

pp. 5254

Author(s):

Marius Lasinskas ◽

Elvyra Jariene ◽

Nijole Vaitkeviciene ◽

Jurgita Kulaitiene ◽

Katarzyna Najman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

High Performance ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Organic Production ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Chamerion Angustifolium

The demand for organic production is increasing worldwide. The willowherb, grown in an organic way, contributes greatly to the idea of a healthier society and clean land. Willowherb is widespread in the world and has high polyphenols, carotenoids, and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of solid-phase fermentation (SPF) under different conditions on the variation of polyphenols and carotenoids in the organic leaves of willowherb. The leaves were fermented for different periods of time: 24, 48, and 72 h; and in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The evaluation of polyphenols and carotenoids was completed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and antioxidant activity was measured with spectrophotometric method. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to describe differences in biologically active compounds between willowherb samples. The experiment showed that the highest quantities of total phenolic acids and flavonoids were determined after 24 h under aerobic SPF, but the amountof total carotenoids was higher after 72 h anaerobic SPF, compared to control. Not-fermented willowherb leaves had a lower antioxidant activity. compared to fermented leaves. In conclusion, SPF can be used to change polyphenol and carotenoid quantities in organic leaves of willowherb.

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Phytochemical variability during vegetation of Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub genotypes derived from in vitro cultures

Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) ◽

10.1007/s11240-021-02154-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mariola Dreger ◽

Katarzyna Seidler-Łożykowska ◽

Milena Szalata ◽

Artur Adamczak ◽

Karolina Wielgus

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Array Detector ◽

Reproduction Rate ◽

Full Spectrum ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Chamerion Angustifolium ◽

Oenothein B

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to evaluate Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub genotypes for preliminary selection and further breeding programs aimed at obtaining a suitable industrial form for the pharmaceutical applications. Clonally propagated plants representing 10 genotypes of Ch. angustifolium were regenerated under in vitro conditions, hardened and planted in the field. Studies included an evaluation of shoot proliferation, phytochemical assessment of in vitro and ex vitro plants as well as investigations of intraspecies variability regarding four phenological stages: vegetative, beginning of blooming, full blooming, and green fruit phases. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of bioactive compounds were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC–DAD–MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. The efficiency of shoot multiplication varied between genotypes from 8.12 to 21.48 shoots per explant. A high reproduction rate (> 20 shoots per explant) was recorded for four lines (PL_45, PL_44, PL_58, DE_2). Plants grown in vitro synthesized oenothein B (11.2–22.3 mg g−1 DW) and caffeic acid derivatives. Plants harvested from field contained the full spectrum of polyphenols characteristic for this species, and oenothein B and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide were the most abundant. The maximal content of oenothein B was determined in the vegetative phase of fireweed, while some flavonoids were found in the highest amount in full blooming phase. The results of analysis of variance indicated significant differences among genotypes in oenothein B, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid and flavonoids accumulation in four phenological phases. PL_44 plants were characterized by high content of oenothein B and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide as well as a relatively high level of other flavonoids. Based on our phytochemical and micropropagation studies, PL_44 genotype was the best candidate for early selection and further breeding programs.

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The Nutritional Value of Non-Traditional Gluten-Free Flakes and Their Antioxidant Activity

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8110565 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 565

Author(s):

Kristýna Šťastná ◽

Martina Mrázková ◽

Daniela Sumczynski ◽

Betül Cındık ◽

Erkan Yalçın

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

High Performance ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Eragrostis Tef ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phenolic Antioxidants ◽

In Vitro Digestibility

Nowadays, there is a growing interest for foods with a lower sugar content and rich in fiber and biologically active substances. The main purpose of this study was to prepare flakes from non-traditional pigmented cereals (Oryza sativa, Chenopodium quinoa, and Eragrostis tef) and to analyze their fibre, sugar, and in vitro digestibility values. Regarding phenolic antioxidants (soluble, soluble conjugated, and insoluble bound fractions), their content and antioxidant activity were measured using spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Hydrothermally treated grains resulted in flakes with higher total dietary fibre contents (11.1–24.4%), quinoa and teff flakes were rich in maltose (up to 42.0 mg/g). Non-traditional flakes had lower in vitro digestibility, but conversely, they exhibited the highest phenolic contents corresponding with the highest antioxidant activity values (up to 2.33 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g of total phenolic content and 1.59 mg Trolox equivalent/g for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in case of brown teff). Among free phenolics, the main contributors to an antioxidant activity were p-coumaric, o-coumaric, and gallic acids (r > 0.8186); among the soluble conjugated fractions, they were epigallocatechin, epicatechin, caffeic, and vanillic acids (r > 0.5935); while caffeic, protocatechuic, and ferulic acids (r > 0.5751) were the main contributors among the insoluble bound phenolics.

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The Effect of Cream and Gel Vehicles on the Percutaneous Absorption and Skin Retention of a New Eugenol Derivative With Antioxidant Activity

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.658381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Edyta Makuch ◽

Anna Nowak ◽

Andrzej Günther ◽

Robert Pełech ◽

Łukasz Kucharski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Skin Permeation ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Skin Permeability ◽

Skin Accumulation ◽

Radical Reduction ◽

Skin Retention

The effect of cream and gel vehicles containing clove water on skin permeability was compared for a new eugenol derivative (eugenyl dichloroacetate—EDChA) with antioxidant activity. In vitro permeation experiments were conducted in a Franz cell with porcine skin. The cumulative mass and skin accumulation of EDChA were investigated and compared. The antioxidative capacity of the studied vehicles was determined by using the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical reduction method. The antioxidant activity (evaluated with DPPH, ABTS, and the Folin–Ciocalteu methods) of the fluid that penetrated through the pig skin and of the fluid obtained after the skin extraction, were also determined. For comparison, eugenol was also tested. The results of this work could contribute to the development of vehicles with antioxidant potential estimated after 24 h of conducting the experiment, which indicates long-term protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the deeper layers of the skin. The waste water from the clove buds steam distillation -contains several valuable biologically active compounds, and its use is environmentally friendly. We observed that gel vehicles were the best enhancer of skin permeation for both eugenol and its derivative. In most cases, -similar cumulative masses of eugenol and its ester were found in the acceptor fluid. The accumulation of EDChA was higher for cream vehicles in relation to the parent eugenol when applied onto the skin. The greatest amounts of eugenol were accumulated in the skin when these compounds were used in gel vehicles.

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Bioactive polyphenol profiling and in-vitro antioxidant activity of Tinospora cordifolia Miers ex Hook F and Thoms : A potential ingredient for functional food development

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v55i1.46729 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 23-34

Author(s):

TA Khan ◽

AH Ipshita ◽

RM Mazumdar ◽

ATM Abdullah ◽

GMR Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Functional Food ◽

High Performance ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Tinospora Cordifolia ◽

Absolute Methanol

Antioxidant activities and specific bioactive polyphenol content of methanol and ethanol extracts of the stem of Tinospora cordifolia Miers were evaluated in the present investigation. Phenolic compounds were identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results revealed that absolute methanol extract had the lower IC50 value. DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl Hydrazyl) was scavenged 50% by 9.36±1.75 mg/ml methanol extract. Flavonoid, tannin and phenolic contents were found comparatively higher in methanol extract. The study implied that the methanol extract had higher antioxidant activity than the ethanolic extract and T. cordifolia stem can be used as a source of biologically active polyphenolic compounds as well as antioxidants to develop functional food. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(1), 23-34, 2020

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Pharmacological Activity and Phytochemical Profile of Acacia Heartwood Extracts

Scientia Pharmaceutica ◽

10.3390/scipharm89030037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Yanico Hadi Prayogo ◽

Wasrin Syafii ◽

Rita Kartika Sari ◽

Irmanida Batubara ◽

Danu

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Principal Component ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Biologically Active ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Phytochemical Profile ◽

Heartwood Extracts

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are related to several degenerative diseases. In this study, Acacia, a genus with many fast-growing species, was investigated to explore the many phytochemical compounds that are biologically active in processes dealing with ROS-related diseases. This study aimed to select extracts of Acacia heartwood on the basis of their pharmacological and phytochemical profiles and identify their bioactive compounds. Five methanolic extracts from Acacia heartwood were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using three different in vitro assays: toxicity toward Artemia salina and phenolic and polyphenolic content. Multivariate analysis was conducted to select two promising extracts and then their bioactive compounds were identified using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Acacia crassicarpa extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity, as well as phenolic and hydrolyzable tannin contents, but low toxicity. The A. mangium extract exhibited high flavonoid and condensed tannin content, whereas A. decurrrens had the highest toxicity with low antioxidant activity. Pearson’s correlation analysis demonstrated no correlation between antioxidant activity and toxicity. Moreover, the phytochemical profile exhibited an association with pharmacological parameters. Principal component analysis followed by cluster analysis divided the extracts into three clusters. Two heartwood extracts of A. crassicarpa and A. auriculiformis were chosen as the best extracts. Identification showed that these extracts were dominated by phenolic compounds, as well as anthraquinone and xanthone.

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Studies of the Variability of Sugars, Vitamin C, and Chlorophylls in Differently Fermented Organic Leaves of Willowherb (Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub)

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11219891 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 9891

Author(s):

Marius Lasinskas ◽

Elvyra Jariene ◽

Nijole Vaitkeviciene ◽

Ausra Blinstrubiene ◽

Barbara Sawicka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Vitamin C ◽

High Performance ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Principal Component ◽

Total Vitamin ◽

Chamerion Angustifolium ◽

Fermentation Conditions

There is currently an increasing interest in functional foods and herbs as an opportunity to enrich one’s diet and at the same time improve one’s health. One of such plants is willowherb (Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub), which is rich not only in polyphenols, carotenoids, but also in sugars, chlorophylls, and vitamin C. This work purpose was to determine the effect of solid-phase fermentation (SPF) on changes in sugars, chlorophylls, and vitamin C under different fermentation conditions. Willowherb leaves were fermented for various durations (24, 48, and 72 h), in anaerobic and aerobic terms. The determination of sugars, chlorophylls, and vitamin C was done using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a spectrometer UV-VIS. The principal component analysis (PCA) was done to estimate the relationships between the different fermentation conditions (methods, as well as duration) and 10 parameters. The study showed: the biggest amounts of total chlorophylls and sugars were present after 72 h of anaerobic SPF, but the amount of total vitamin C was higher in unfermented willowherb leaves. In summary, SPF could be applied to modify chlorophylls and sugar quantities in willowherb organic leaves.

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Phytochemical, Analytical and Medicinal Studies of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch - A Review

Current Traditional Medicine ◽

10.2174/2215083805666190521103308 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 270-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vijay Kumar ◽

Simranjeet Singh ◽

Ragini Bhadouria ◽

Ravindra Singh ◽

Om Prakash

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Wide Range ◽

Layer Chromatography

Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch (HI) has been used to treat various ailments including obesity, osteoarthritis, arthritis, inflammation, anemia, diabetes etc. To review the major phytochemicals and medicinal properties of HI, exhaustive bibliographic research was designed by means of various scientific search engines and databases. Only 12 phytochemicals have been reported including biologically active compounds like betulin, betulinic acid, epifriedlin, octacosanol, Friedlin, Holoptelin-A and Holoptelin-B. Analytical methods including the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography With Mass Spectral (LC-MS) analysis have been used to analyze the HI. From medicinal potency point of view, these phytochemicals have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. In the current review, it has been noticed that the mechanism of action of HI with biomolecules has not been fully explored. Pharmacology and toxicological studies are very few. This seems a huge literature gap to be fulfilled through the detailed in-vivo and in-vitro studies.

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In Vitro Propagation, Huperzine A Content and Antioxidant Activity of Three Genotypic Huperzia serrata

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1112

Author(s):

Yan Yang ◽

Liangfang Dai ◽

Decai Wu ◽

Limin Dong ◽

Yisheng Tu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

High Performance ◽

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Huperzine A ◽

Induction Medium ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Regeneration Rate ◽

Huperzia Serrata ◽

Chromatography Analysis

Huperzia serrata is a traditional herb and endangered Chinese medicinal material, which has attracted much attention due to its production of Huperzine A (HupA). In vitro propagation of H. serrata is considered a new way to relieve the resource pressure of H. serrata. In this study, three different genotypic wild H. serrata were used for in vitro propagation. Then, the antioxidant activity and the content of HupA in the regenerated H. serrata were investigated. The results showed the survival rate of the explant was increased to 25.37% when using multiple sterilization processes. The best induction medium for H. serrata was the Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L−1 Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.1 mg·L−1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), where the regeneration rate of the explant was to 57.04%. The best proliferation medium was the SH medium with NAA (1.0 mg·L−1), as the biomass of in vitro tissue increased 164.17 ± 0.41 times. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the in vitro culture of three genotypes could produce HupA and the content of HupA was 53.90–87.17 µg·g−1. The antioxidant experiment showed that the methanol extract of in vitro H. serrata had higher antioxidant activity than that of wild H. serrata. This study provides a reliable in vitro H. serrata culture protocol and laid an important foundation for the antioxidant capacity of the thallus and the content of HupA.

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Isobornylchalcones as Scaffold for the Synthesis of Diarylpyrazolines with Antioxidant Activity

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26123579 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3579

Author(s):

Svetlana A. Popova ◽

Evgenia V. Pavlova ◽

Oksana G. Shevchenko ◽

Irina Yu. Chukicheva ◽

Aleksandr V. Kutchin

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Biological Properties ◽

High Reactivity ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Brain Lipids ◽

Wide Range ◽

Privileged Structure ◽

Vitro Model

The pyrazoline ring is defined as a “privileged structure” in medicinal chemistry. A variety of pharmacological properties of pyrazolines is associated with the nature and position of various substituents, which is especially evident in diarylpyrazolines. Compounds with a chalcone fragment show a wide range of biological properties as well as high reactivity which is primarily due to the presence of an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system. At the same time, bicyclic monoterpenoids deserve special attention as a source of a key structural block or as one of the pharmacophore components of biologically active molecules. A series of new diarylpyrazoline derivatives based on isobornylchalcones with different substitutes (MeO, Hal, NO2, N(Me)2) was synthesized. Antioxidant properties of the obtained compounds were comparatively evaluated using in vitro model Fe2+/ascorbate-initiated lipid peroxidation in the substrate containing brain lipids of laboratory mice. It was demonstrated that the combination of the electron-donating group in the para-position of ring B and OH-group in the ring A in the structure of chalcone fragment provides significant antioxidant activity of synthesized diarylpyrazoline derivatives.

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