scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of MgO-Modified Rice Straw Biochars

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5730
Author(s):  
Xianxian Qin ◽  
Jixin Luo ◽  
Zhigao Liu ◽  
Yunlin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Elementary Analysis

Rice straw is a common agricultural waste. In order to increase the added value of rice straw and improve the performance of rice straw biochar. MgO-modified biochar (MRBC) was prepared from rice straw at different temperatures, pyrolysis time and MgCl2 concentrations. The microstructure, chemical and crystal structure were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherms and Elementary Analysis (EA). The results showed that the pyrolysis temperature had significant influence on the structure and physicochemical property of MRBCs. MRBC-2 h has the richest microporous structure while MRBC-2 m has the richest mesoporous structure. The specific surface area (from 9.663 to 250.66 m2/g) and pore volume (from 0.042 to 0.158 cm3/g) of MRBCs increased as temperature rose from 300 to 600 °C. However, it was observed MgCl2 concentrations and pyrolysis time had no significant influence on pore structure of MRBCs. As pyrolysis temperature increased, pH increased and more oxygen-containing functional groups and mineral salts were formed, while MgO-modified yield, volatile matter, total content of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, porosity and average pore diameter decreased. In addition, MRBCs formed at high temperature showed high C content with a low O/C and H/C ratios.

scholarly journals Peran Mikroba Dekomposer Selulolitik dari Sarang Rayap dalam Menurunkan Kandungan Selulosa Limbah Pertanian Berselulosa Tinggi

SoilREns ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke Rochimi Setiawati ◽  
Nizar Ulfah ◽  
Pujawati Suryatmana ◽  
Reginawanti Hindersah
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulosic Material ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

Agricultural waste is rich in cellulosic material that is difficult to degrade but can be decomposed by cellulase enzymes. Cellulosic material is an organic component abundantly in nature in the form of cellulose and hemicellulose polymer. Utilization of microbes in the process of waste bioconversion can be done to get added value from the waste material into other products such as organic fertilizer. Cellulase-producing microbes can be isolated from various sources, one of which is from termite nests. The use of microbes from termite nests as decomposers for composting high-yielding agricultural waste was carried out in this study. Cellulolytic microbial isolates (combination of bacteria and fungi and without decomposers) were applied to agricultural wastes high in cellulose content: rice straw, bagasse, and oil palm empty fruit bunches. Randomized Block Design was applied and each treatment was and repeated 3 times. The composting process was carried out for 1 month indoors. The results showed that cellulolytic microbial consortium obtained from termite nests reduced the compost cellulose content of bagasse agricultural waste in one month. Whereas rice straw and oil palm empty fruit bunches showed a tendency to decrease cellulose content because cellulose degradation by decomposer microbes still continues after one month of incubation.

scholarly journals Hemicellulose Extraction and Characterization of Rice Straw and Leucaena Leucocephala

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Nadiha ◽  
M. Z . ◽  
Jamilah B
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Agriculture Waste ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Local production of agricultural waste is increasing. It is not fully  utilized  and  can cause an environmental issue if it is not handle wisely. Thus, it is important to increase utilization of lignocellulosic biomass by improving their added value and subsequently decrease the agriculture waste. In this study, rice straw and Leucaena leucocephala were subjected to alkali treatment (4% sodium hydroxide) with different concentration ratio of samples to sodium hydroxide (1:10 to 1:50). The physical and chemical properties of extracted hemicelluloses were studied. The yield of hemicellulose was higher from rice straw compared to Leucaena leucocephala. The chemical functional groups present in hemicellulose were confirmed by Fourier tranform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology and roughness of xylan were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Keywords: rice straw, hemicellulose, sodium hydroxide, alkali

scholarly journals Effect of pyrolysis temperature on Si release of alkali-enhanced Si-rich biochar and plant response

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Negar D. Tafti ◽  
Jim J. Wang ◽  
Xudong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Plant Disease Control ◽  
Si Content ◽  
Lower Temperature

AbstractRecent studies have shown that silicon (Si) dissolution from biochar may be influenced by the pyrolysis temperature. In addition, the enhancement of biochar by treatment with alkali has been proposed to produce a Si source that can be used for environmentally friendly plant disease control. In this study, biochars from rice straw and rice husk pretreated with KOH, CaO and K2CO3 and then pyrolyzed at 350, 450 and 550 °C were prepared to evaluate the effects of pyrolysis temperature on Si release and plant uptake from alkali-enhanced Si-rich biochar. Extractable Si and dissolution Si from the prepared biochars were assessed by different short-term chemical methods and long-term (30-day) release in dilute acid and neutral salt solutions, respectively, along with a rice potting experiment in greenhouse. For both rice straw- and husk-derived alkali-enhanced biochars (RS-10KB and HS-10K2B, respectively), increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 350 to 550 °C generally had the highest extractable Si and increased Si content extracted by 5-day sodium carbonate and ammonium nitrate (5dSCAN) designated for fertilizer Si by 61–142%, whereas non-enhanced biochars had more extractable Si at 350 °C. The alkali-enhanced biochars produced at 550 °C pyrolysis temperature also released 82–172% and 27–79% more Si than that of 350 °C produced biochar in unbuffered weak acid and neutral salt solutions, respectively, over 30 days. In addition, alkali-enhanced biochars, especially that derived from rice husk at 550 °C facilitated 6–21% greater Si uptake by rice and 44–101% higher rice grain yields than lower temperature biochars, non-enhanced biochars, or conventional Si fertilizers (wollastonite and silicate calcium slag). Overall, this study demonstrated that 550 °C is more efficient than lower pyrolysis temperature for preparing alkali-enhanced biochar to improve Si release for plant growth.

Utilization of rice straw and tea composts for strawberry and tomato production

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
R Ashrafi ◽  
RM Saiem ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
MSAA Mamun ◽  
HA Begum
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Yield And Quality

The use of agricultural waste is of great interest to sustainable agriculture. An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of compost and compost tea made from agricultural waste rice straw on the yield and quality of two horticultural crops strawberry and tomato. In strawberry experiment, six treatments were considered which wereT1: 100% soil (as a control), T2: 80% soil + 20% compost, T3: 60% soil + 40% compost, T4: 40% soil + 60% compost, T5: 20% soil + 80% compost & T6: 100% compost. Results revealed that number of fruit, fruit yield and total sugar (%)was increased with the increasing level of compost up to 80% after that decreased at 100% compost. The treatment T5: 20% soil + 80% compost gave the best results among the treatments to grow strawberry with good yield (185.3 g/plant) and sweetness (total sugar 5.19%). On the other hand, six treatments i.e. T1: Control, T2: Compost (5 t/ha), T3: Compost tea (50% concentration), T4: Compost (5 t/ha) + Compost tea (50% concentration), T5: Compost tea (100% concentration) and T6: Compost (5t/ha) + Compost tea (100% concentration) were considered in tomato experiment. As a result, it was observed that combined application of compost (5 t/ha) along with compost tea (100% conc.) (T6) gave the highest yield of tomato than not only control (T1) but also single application of compost or compost tea (T2, T3, T4&T5). Level of compost tea concentration also showed significant effect on fruit yield of tomato. Comparing between treatment T4 and T6, fruit yield was found higher (1027.67 g/plant) in treatment T6: Compost (5t/ha) + Compost tea (100% conc.) than 961.3 g/plant in T4: Compost (5 t/ha) + Compost tea (50% conc.). So, it could be summarized that use of rice straw as compost and compost tea affects positively both in two experiments. The results of this study confirm the beneficial effects of compost to increase the yield and sweetness of strawberry and combination of compost and compost tea to increase the yield of tomato. Progressive Agriculture 30 (4): 335-343, 2019

scholarly journals Influence of pH and Matric Potential on Germination of Cephalosporium gramineum Conidia

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 975-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Blank ◽  
Timothy D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Fungistasis ◽  
Cephalosporium Gramineum ◽  
Influence Of Ph

Germination of Cephalosporium gramineum conidia in soil was up to twofold greater at -0.064 MPa than at -0.037 and -0.007 MPa when incubated at 5°C for 2 days. Soil pH from 4.7 to 7.5 did not have a significant influence on germination of conidia and the interaction between soil pH and matric potential on germination was not significant. Soil fungistasis, which was previously observed for conidia of C. gramineum, was not observed in these studies. Germination of conidia on mineral salts agar containing phosphate buffer was significantly less at pH 4.5 than at 5.5, 6.5, or 7.5 at 5°C in one of two experiments; however, pH had no influence on germination at 10 or 20°C in two experiments. Although Cephalosporium stripe is more severe under conditions of high soil moisture and low soil pH, increased germination of conidia in response to these factors does not explain the observed increase in disease.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanorods/Nanoparticles TiO2 for Photocatalytic Activity and Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorapong Pavasupree ◽  
Supachai Ngamsinlapasathian ◽  
Yoshikazu Suzuki ◽  
Susumu Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Prepared Material ◽  
20 Nm

ABSTRACTNanorods/nanoparticles TiO2 with mesoporous structure were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 150 °C for 20 h. The samples characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, SAED, HRTEM, and BET surface area. The nanorods had diameter about 10-20 nm and the lengths of 100-200 nm, the nanoparticles had diameter about 5-10 nm. The prepared material had average pore diameter about 7-12 nm. The BET surface area and pore volume of the sample are about 203 m2/g and 0.655 cm3/g, respectively. The nanorods/nanoparticles TiO2 with mesoporous structure showed higher photocatalytic activity (I3− concentration) than the nanorods TiO2, nanofibers TiO2, mesoporous TiO2, and commercial TiO2 (ST-01, P-25, JRC-01, and JRC-03). The solar energy conversion efficiency (η) of the cell using nanorods/nanoparticles TiO2 with mesoporous structure was about 7.12 % with Jsc of 13.97 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.73 V and ff of 0.70; while η of the cell using P-25 reached 5.82 % with Jsc of 12.74 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.704 V and ff of 0.649.

scholarly journals Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies on the Zinc Adsorption-desorption Characteristics of Some Promising Biochars in Aqueous Solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Faryadi Shahgoli ◽  
Adel Reyhanitabar ◽  
Nosratollah Najafi ◽  
Shahin Oustan
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Equilibrium Studies ◽  
Batch Technique ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Zinc Adsorption

Abstract The present research aimed at investigating zinc (Zn) sorption capacity of the biochars derived from apple wood (WB) and rice straw (RB) feedstocks at two 300 and 600°C pyrolysis temperatures (WB300, WB600, RB300 and RB600, respectively) in aqueous solutions. Kinetic and equilibrium sorption experiments were conducted via batch technique. In equilibrium adsorption experiments, the study used the concentration range of 5-200 mg Zn L− 1 and focused on the solution pH effect on Zn adsorption in biochars under the following conditions: unadjusted and adjusted pH (4 and 6) and three ionic strength levels (0.01, 0.03, 0.1 M KNO3). Zinc desorption experiments were conducted under all above mentioned conditions but without pH adjustment at five separate stages. Kinetic data analysis indicated that Zn adsorption in biochars reached the near steady state within 24 hours with the sorption rate order of WB300 < WB600 < RB300 < RB600. The best fitness was superior to both Elovich and exponential rate models. Also, Zn adsorption isotherms in the studied biochars were shown to fit quite well to Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. Zn sorption maxima were found to be 4.3, 16.4, 17.9 and 33.3 mg g− 1, on average, for WB300, WB600, RB300, and RB600, respectively. The initial increased pH solution from 4 to 6 caused an increase in Zn adsorption in RB600, RB300 and WB600, however the sorption maxima in WB300 was detected at pH 4. The rise in solution ionic strength from 0.01 M to 0.1 M dropped the Zn adsorption capacity in all the studied biochars. Findings suggested that rice straw derived biochars showed a better performance than woody biochars in Zn sorption and retention from aqueous solutions. In addition, this ability increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature in both types of biochars. Finally, the study revealed that rice straw biochars, produced at high pyrolysis temperatures, can serve as economical and efficient absorbents for Zn removal from aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals A novel high performance metagenome-derived alkali-thermostable endo-β-1,4-glucanase for lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis in the harsh conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohreh Ariaeenejad ◽  
Atefeh Sheykhabdolahzadeh ◽  
Morteza Maleki ◽  
Kaveh Kavousi ◽  
Mehdi Foroozandeh Shahraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Harsh Condition

Abstract Background: Lignocellulosic biomass, is a great resource for the production of bio-energy and bio-based material since it is largely abundant, inexpensive and renewable. The requirement of new energy sources has led to a wide search for novel effective enzymes to improve the exploitation of lignocellulose, among which the importance of thermostable and halotolerant cellulase enzymes with high pH performance is significant. Results: The primary aim of this study was to discover a novel alkali-thermostable endo-β-1,4-glucanase from the sheep rumen metagenome. Using a multi-step in-silico analysis, primary candidates with desired properties were found and subjected to cloning, expression, and purification followed by functional and structural characterization. The enzymes' kinetic parameters, including V max , Km, and specific activity, were calculated. The PersiCel4 demonstrated its optimum activity at pH 8.5 and a temperature of 85°C and was able to retain more than 70% of its activity after 150 hours of storage at 85°C. Furthermore, this enzyme was able to maintain its catalytic activity in the presence of different concentrations of NaCl, MgCl 2 , CaCl 2 , and MnCl 2 . Our results showed that treatment with MnCl 2 could enhance the enzyme’s activity by 89%. PersiCel4 was ultimately used for enzymatic hydrolysis of autoclave pretreated rice straw, the most abundant agricultural waste with rich cellulose content. In autoclave treated rice straw, enzymatic hydrolysis with the PersiCel4 increased the release of reducing sugar up to 260% after 72 hours in the harsh condition ( T= 85°C, pH = 8.5). Conclusion: Considering the urgent demand for stable cellulases that are operational on extreme temperature and pH conditions and due to several proposed distinctive characteristics of PersiCel4, it can be used in the harsh condition for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Bionanofiller Dari Limbah Padi Sebagai Alternatif Penguatan Pada Polimer Komposit

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eryani . ◽  
Sri Aprilia ◽  
Farid Mulana
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Mechanical Properties Characterization

<p>Agricultural waste such as rice straw, rice husk and rice husk ash have not been utilized properly. This waste of agricultural produce can actually be used as an alternative to bionanofiller because it contains an excellent source of silica. The silica content contained in the rice waste when combined with the polymer matrix can produce composites having high thermal and mechanical properties. Characterization of bionanofiller from this rice waste is done by SEM, XRF, FTIR, XRD and particle density. The result of SEM analysis from this rice waste is feasible to be used as filler because it has size 1 μm. Likewise with the results of XRF analysis that rice waste contains a high enough silica component that is 80.6255% - 89.83%. FTIR test results also show that bionanoparticles from rice waste have the same content of silica. In the XRD analysis the best selective gain of rice waste is found in rice husk ash which is characteristic of amorp silica at a range of 2ϴ = 22<br />. The largest density analysis of paddy waste was found in rice husk 0.0419 gr / cm , followed by rice straw by of 0.0417 gr / cm 3 and rice hulk ash 0.0407 g / cm 3</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document