scholarly journals The Effects of Capsaicin on Gastrointestinal Cancers

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
George Denis Alexandru Popescu ◽  
Cristian Scheau ◽  
Ioana Anca Badarau ◽  
Mihai-Daniel Dumitrache ◽  
Ana Caruntu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Gi Cancers ◽  
High Doses

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of diseases with very high positions in the ranking of cancer incidence and mortality. While they show common features regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer development, organ-specific pathophysiological processes may trigger distinct signaling pathways and intricate interactions with inflammatory cells from the tumoral milieu and mediators involved in tumorigenesis. The treatment of GI cancers is a topic of increasing interest due to the severity of these diseases, their impact on the patients’ survivability and quality of life, and the burden they set on the healthcare system. As the efficiency of existing drugs is hindered by chemoresistance and adverse reactions when administered in high doses, new therapies are sought, and emerging drugs, formulations, and substance synergies are the focus of a growing number of studies. A class of chemicals with great potential through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumoral effects is phytochemicals, and capsaicin in particular is the subject of intensive research looking to validate its position in complementing cancer treatment. Our paper thoroughly reviews the available scientific evidence concerning the effects of capsaicin on major GI cancers and its interactions with the molecular pathways involved in the course of these diseases.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis/HIV coinfection from the perspective of quality of life: scope review

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Vinícius de Freitas Carvalho ◽  
Mônica Taminato ◽  
Maria Rita Bertolozzi ◽  
Lúcia Yasuko Izumi Nichiata ◽  
Hugo Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cochrane Collaboration

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze evidence on the quality of life of people with tuberculosis/HIV coinfection. Methods: review that followed steps of the Cochrane Collaboration, with the search of publications in the bases Embase, LILACS, PubMed, and Cochrane, through the descriptors “HIV,” “Tuberculosis,” and “Quality of Life,” without a temporal cut. Results: the results include 15 studies, published between 2009 and 2019, with the level of evidence V, in its majority. It was observed that there is no uniformity in the instrument used. Psychological support to this group and strengthening of actions to manage both infections are necessary. This segment’s quality of life is associated with social factors and scientific production on the subject concentrated in underdeveloped countries. Conclusions: the articles found have a low level of scientific evidence and indicate that people who experience coinfection have a more compromised quality of life when compared to those who experience tuberculosis or HIV separately.

scholarly journals Liriopogons (Genera Ophiopogon and Liriope, Asparagaceae): A Critical Review of the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiyi Lei ◽  
Caroline S. Weckerle ◽  
Michael Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Ophiopogon Japonicus ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Available Information

The closely related genera Liriope and Ophiopogon (Asparagaceae), collectively known in English as liriopogons, have similar therapeutic uses in treating cough, rheumatoid arthritis, and cleaning heat. The main aim of this review is to understand the current phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge including an assessment of the quality of the scientific evidence. A literature search was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines, by retrieving available information up to 2020 from five online resources. The bioactive metabolites of liriopogons include steroidal saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, organic acids, phenols. Cardiovascular protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-viral, anti-acute myeloid leukemia and hepatoprotective effects have been at the center of attention. From a toxicological perspective Ophiopogon japonicus seems to be safe. Some problems with the quality of the pharmacological evidence stand out including the application of excessive dose level and methodological problems in the design. Additionally, a reasonable link between local/traditional uses and pharmacological assessment is often vague or not reflected in the text. Future researches on liriopogons are required to use rigorous scientific approaches in research on evidence-based natural products for the future benefits of patients.

scholarly journals Radiation-induced lung toxicity – cellular and molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, management, and literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Käsmann ◽  
Alexander Dietrich ◽  
Claudia A. Staab-Weijnitz ◽  
Farkhad Manapov ◽  
Jürgen Behr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Radiation Induced

Abstract Lung, breast, and esophageal cancer represent three common malignancies with high incidence and mortality worldwide. The management of these tumors critically relies on radiotherapy as a major part of multi-modality care, and treatment-related toxicities, such as radiation-induced pneumonitis and/or lung fibrosis, are important dose limiting factors with direct impact on patient outcomes and quality of life. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of radiation-induced pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis, present predictive factors as well as recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances. Novel candidates for molecularly targeted approaches to prevent and/or treat radiation-induced pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis are discussed.

scholarly journals Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution and the Incidence and Mortality of GI Cancers: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
Emily Spangler ◽  
Rena Jones ◽  
Alicia Livinski ◽  
Sanford Dawsey ◽  
Natalie Haley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Gi Cancers ◽  
The Impact

PURPOSE High levels of particulate matter (PM) air pollution increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and cancer. Outdoor air pollution, especially PM, is classified as a human carcinogen on the basis of associations with lung cancer, but research investigating other cancer sites is limited. This systematic review investigates the scope and quality of existing literature on PM and the incidence and mortality of GI cancers. METHODS This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA protocol guidelines and submitted under PROSPERO ID: 139597. Initial searches of 5 databases yielded 2,041 articles, of which 762 duplicates were removed. Eligible studies evaluated an association between PM and at least one GI cancer. The titles and abstracts of 1,279 articles were screened independently and 102 articles were selected for additional screening. Ten studies were included in the final analysis. We evaluated the overall quality of included studies using GRADE criteria. RESULTS All articles meeting the criteria for inclusion were of cohort study design and published in 2015 or later. Methods for assessing PM exposure varied. More than one half (n = 6) of the studies investigated liver cancer. Most met the GRADE criteria for moderate certainty or greater. Six studies found a statistically significant positive association, and none found evidence of a negative association. CONCLUSION Evidence of a positive association between the incidence and mortality of GI cancers exists; however, few studies have evaluated this association. Methods of assessing exposure are highly variable. Future researchers should strive to conduct more studies in the most affected geographic areas to evaluate the impact of different PM exposure assessment approaches on observed associations, and include the evaluation of cancer subtypes and specific chemical components of PM.

scholarly journals Cannabinoid Therapeutics in Chronic Neuropathic Pain: From Animal Research to Human Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Maria P. Campos ◽  
Andrey F. L. Aguiar ◽  
Yolanda Paes-Colli ◽  
Priscila Martins Pinheiro Trindade ◽  
Bruna K. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Physiological System ◽  
Chronic Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Medicinal Cannabis

Despite the importance of pain as a warning physiological system, chronic neuropathic pain is frequently caused by damage in the nervous system, followed by persistence over a long period, even in the absence of dangerous stimuli or after healing of injuries. Chronic neuropathic pain affects hundreds of millions of adults worldwide, creating a direct impact on quality of life. This pathology has been extensively characterized concerning its cellular and molecular mechanisms, and the endocannabinoid system (eCS) is widely recognized as pivotal in the development of chronic neuropathic pain. Scientific evidence has supported that phyto-, synthetic and endocannabinoids are efficient for pain management, while strong data arise from the therapeutic use of Cannabis-derived products. The use of medicinal Cannabis products is directed toward not only relieving symptoms of chronic pain, but also improving several aspects of patients’ welfare. Here, we review the involvement of eCS, along with other cellular and molecular elements, in chronic neuropathic pain pathology and how this system can be targeted for pain management.

scholarly journals Psychopharmacological Options in the Multidisciplinary and Multidimensional Treatment of Eating Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Walter Milano ◽  
Anna Capasso
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Binge Eating Disorders ◽  
The Subject

Eating Disorders (ED) are a syndrome characterized by persistent alteration of eating behavior and the conditions that cause insufficient ingestion and/or adsorption of foods. There are three different ED diseases: Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorders (BED). ED are complex conditions that arise from a combination of long-standing behavioral, emotional, psychological, interpersonal, and social factors. A common trait to all EDs is the incongruous diet, often based on arbitrary parameters, disconnected from physiological needs, with a strong alteration of the sensations of hunger and satiety, to which variations in weight, body composition, health status and quality of life of patients occur. Although EDs are relatively frequent psychiatric disorders in the general population, especially in adolescent and juvenile age groups, evidence based on the scientific evidence of the efficacy of the pharmacological treatment of EDAs remains modest. The currently available international guidelines related to the pharmacological treatment of EDs are currently few and not always adequately informative, as they are affected by the lack of studies on the subject. As a further consequence of this it is not surprising that, with the sole exception of fluoxetine for the treatment of Bulimia Nervosa (BN) symptoms, no psychopharmaceutical has been authorized by national and international regulators for the treatment of ED. This narrative review focuses on the advantages and limitations of drugs used in the treatment of ED.

Measuring Service Quality in The Context of Higher Education in Vietnam

2013 ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Yen Nguyen Thi Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Education Service ◽  
The Subject

This paper focuses on the understanding of service quality in the context of Vietnamese universities. It proposes an approach for measuring the quality of the higher education service provided by universities in Vietnam. Firstly, an exploratory study was conducted. Then, the set of items which were generated became the subject of a questionnaire that was then administered to 675 students of a Vietnamese university to determine the dimensions of higher education service quality in this context. The obtained results permit us to appropriate a measurement scale which is slightly different from the SERVQUAL scale widely known as the standard for measuring service quality. The results also show that tangible elements, responsiveness and assurance seem to be three specific dimensions of the higher education service of Vietnamese universities.

Thomas More’s Correspondence in a Spanish Ambiance

Moreana ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (Number 149) (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio M. Olivares Merino
Keyword(s):  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The recent reprinting of Álvaro de Silva’s 1998 edition of a selection of More’s letters prompts the author to examine the subject of Spanish translations of More, and of de Silva’s general commentary on More’s correspondence and on his relationship to other humanists. The author reflects on aspects of More’s personality as exposed in his letters and uses what he finds as a corrective to several biographical misconceptions. He points out the strengths and weaknesses of de Silva’s work and compares it with that of other translators, particularly Elizabeth Rogers, and notes the particularly Spanish quality of de Silva’s edition.

From the Synergy to the Discrimination - Analysis of Attitudes and Decisions of the Prison Staff Towards Muslim Prisoners in the Context of Multicultural Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Urbanek
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Prison Staff ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Diverse Groups

The aspiration to keep the synergy in relations between majorities and minorities repeatedly emerges as the cause of conflicts in social relations. It is also a subject of the interest of the multicultural education, particularly in countries of Eastern Europe, building contacts with the culturally and ethnically diverse groups to a wider scale. Relations in culturally, religiously and ethnic diverse societies, are becoming more and more related to the personal attitudes and a given policy. These issues acquire in the prison circumstances even greater significance, as given moods and personal attitudes of the prison staff create the pragmatic aspects of the professional activities addressed to the sentenced. Additionally, the key role is played by the quality of the penitentiary policy and the legal culture. The article presents the comparative analysis of the research carried out in 2016 amongst the prison staff in Poland. The subject of the research concerned attitudes that influence the decisive processes. The personal relations have been analyzed in the context of the relation with the sentenced Muslims. The aim of the research was not only to reveal the quality of the decisions concerning the sentenced Muslims, but also the sources of such decisions. The latter, in consequence, may shift, as the research results prove, towards synergy or discrimination. The diversification of the discrimination was one of the intriguing aspects, disclosed at various levels that not always explicitly concerned the discrimination of the minority.

The Implementation of Learning Materials Based on Local Wisdom of Agricultural in Binjai to Improve the Students Problem Solving Abilities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Tsalits Fahman Mughni
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Grade ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Teaching materials by integrating local culture makes easier for students to understand the subject matter in the learning process. The aims of the study is to measure the effectiveness of teaching materials based on local wisdom of agriculture in Binjai in improving the students problem solving abilities. The research method was a quasi experimental which use non equivalent control group in the pretest posttest design. The sample of study were students of Senior High School grade X in Binjai that consisted of experiment group which used teaching materials based on local wisdom of agriculture in Binjai and control group that used student handbooks. Teaching materials are tested by material experts and technology experts to ensure the quality of teaching materials. Data collection was conducted through test. The results showed that the teaching materials based on local wisdom of agriculture in Binjai effective in improving students problem solving abilities in the experimental group students based on the results of N gain value was 0.67 which has medium criteria. It means teaching materials based on agricultural local wisdom of agriculture in Binjai can be used as one of the teaching materials in learning activities.

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