Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Phyto-Fabricated from the Obscure Morning Glory Plant Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl

The study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant, genotoxic, and cytotoxic potentialities of phyto-fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) from Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl. aqueous leaf extract. The UV-visible spectral analysis of the ZnO-NPs showed an absorption peak at 304 nm with a bandgap energy of 3.54 eV, which are characteristics of zinc nanoparticles. Moreover, the particles were of nano-size (~24.26 nm) with 88.11% purity and were agglomerated as observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The phyto-fabricated ZnO-NPs offered radical scavenging activity (RSA) in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.45 mg mL−1. In addition, the genotoxicity studies of ZnO-NPs carried out on onion root tips revealed that the particles were able to significantly inhibit the cell division at the mitotic stage with a mitotic index of 39.49%. Further, the cytotoxic studies on HT-29 cells showed that the phyto-fabricated ZnO-NPs could arrest the cell division as early as in the G0/G1 phase (with 92.14%) with 73.14% cells showing early apoptotic symptoms after 24 h of incubation. The results of the study affirm the ability of phyto-fabricated ZnO-NPs from aqueous leaf extract of I. obscura is beneficial in the cytotoxic application.

Download Full-text

Plant-Based Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Aquilegia pubiflora: Their Antiproliferative Activity against HepG2 Cells Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Other In Vitro Properties

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2021/4786227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Hasnain Jan ◽

Muzamil Shah ◽

Anisa Andleeb ◽

Shah Faisal ◽

Aishma Khattak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Aqueous Dispersion ◽

Inhibitory Response ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract

The anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) produced from aqueous leaf extract of Aquilegia pubiflora were evaluated in this study. Several methods were used to characterize ZnO-NPs, including SEM, FTIR, XRD, DLS, PL, Raman, and HPLC. The nanoparticles that had a size of 34.23 nm as well as a strong aqueous dispersion potential were highly pure, spherical or elliptical in form, and had a mean size of 34.23 nm. According to FTIR and HPLC studies, the flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were successfully capped. Synthesized ZnO-NPs in water have a zeta potential of -18.4 mV, showing that they are stable solutions. The ZnO-NPs proved to be highly toxic for the HepG2 cell line and showed a reduced cell viability of 23.68 ± 2.1 % after 24 hours of ZnO-NP treatment. ZnO-NPs also showed excellent inhibitory potential against the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 102 μg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 125 μg/mL) which are involved in Alzheimer’s disease. Overall, the enzymes involved in aging, diabetes, and inflammation showed a moderate inhibitory response to ZnO-NPs. Given these findings, these biosynthesized ZnO-NPs could be a good option for the cure of deadly diseases such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, and other inflammatory diseases due to their strong anticancer potential and efficient antioxidant properties.

Download Full-text

Crotalaria verrucosa Leaf Extract Mediated Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Assessment of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25214896 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (21) ◽

pp. 4896

Author(s):

Siva Sankar Sana ◽

Divya Vishambhar Kumbhakar ◽

Akbar Pasha ◽

Smita C. Pawar ◽

Andrews Nirmala Grace ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Cell Migration ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Ftir Spectra ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps

In this work, we present an ecofriendly, non-hazardous, green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by leaf extract of Crotalaria verrucosa (C. verrucosa). Total phenolic content, total flavonoid and total protein contents of C. verrucosa were determined. Further, synthesized ZnO NPs was characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) Spectra, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. UV-vis shows peak at 375 nm which is unique to ZnO NPs. XRD analysis demonstrates the hexagonal phase structures of ZnO NPs. FTIR spectra demonstrates the molecules and bondings associated with the synthesized ZnO NPs and assures the role of phytochemical compounds of C. verrucosa in reduction and capping of ZnO NPs. TEM image exhibits that the prepared ZnO NPs is hexagonal shaped and in size ranged between 16 to 38 nm which is confirmed by DLS. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to determine the thermal stability of biosynthesized nanoparticles during calcination. The prepared ZnO NPs showed significant antibacterial potentiality against Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli) pathogenic bacteria and SEM image shows the generalized mechanism of action in bacterial cell after NPs internalization. In addition, NPs are also found to be effective against the studied cancer cell lines for which cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assay and results demonstrate highest growth of inhibition at the concentration of 100 µg/mL with IC50 value at 7.07 µg/mL for HeLa and 6.30 µg/mL for DU145 cell lines, in contrast to positive control (C. verrucosa leaf extract) with IC50 of 22.30 µg/mL on HeLa cells and 15.72 µg/mL on DU145 cells. Also, DAPI staining was performed in order to determine the effect on nuclear material due to ZnO NPs treatment in the studied cell lines taking leaf extract as positive control and untreated negative control for comparison. Cell migration assay was evaluated to determine the direct influence of NPs on metastasis that is potential suppression capacity of NPs to tumor cell migration. Outcome of the synthesized ZnO NPs using C. verrucosa shows antimicrobial activity against studied microbes, also cytotoxicity, apoptotic mediated DNA damage and antiproliferative potentiality in the studied carcinoma cells and hence, can be further used in biomedical, pharmaceutical and food processing industries as an effective antimicrobial and anti-cancerous agent.

Download Full-text

Active Packaging of Immobilized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Controls Campylobacter jejuni in Raw Chicken Meat

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01195-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (22) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed J. Hakeem ◽

Jinsong Feng ◽

Azadeh Nilghaz ◽

Luyao Ma ◽

Hwai Chuin Seah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Content Type ◽

Active Food Packaging

ABSTRACT Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are regarded as a safe and stable antimicrobial that can inactivate bacteria by several potential working mechanisms. We aimed to incorporate ZnO NPs into packaging material to control Campylobacter in raw chicken meat. ZnO NPs were first incorporated into three-dimensional (3D) paper tubes to identify the lethal concentration against Campylobacter jejuni, which was selected as the working concentration to develop 2D functionalized absorbing pads by an ultrasound-assisted dipping technique. The functionalized pad was placed underneath raw chicken meat to inactivate C. jejuni and the predominant chicken microbiota at 4°C within 8 days of storage. Immobilized ZnO NPs at 0.856 mg/cm2 reduced C. jejuni from ∼4 log CFU/25 g raw chicken meat to an undetectable level after 3 days of storage. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy showed that the Zn level increased from 0.02 to 0.17 mg/cm2 in treated raw chicken meat. Scanning electron microscopy validated the absence of nanoparticle migration onto raw chicken meat after treatment. Inactivation of C. jejuni was associated with the increase of lactic acid produced by Lactobacillus in raw chicken meat in a pH-dependent manner. Less than 5% of Zn2+ was released from ZnO NPs at neutral pH, while up to 88% was released when the pH was <3.5 within 2 days. Whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis demonstrated a broad effect of ZnO NPs on genes involved in various cellular developmental processes as annotated by gene ontology. Taken together, the results indicate that functionalized absorbing pads inactivated C. jejuni in raw chicken meat by immobilized ZnO NPs along with the controllable released Zn2+. IMPORTANCE Prevalence of Campylobacter in raw poultry remains a major food microbiological safety challenge. Novel mitigation strategies are required to ensure the safety and quality of poultry products. Active food packaging can control pathogens without directly adding antimicrobials into the food matrix and extend the food’s shelf life. The functionalized absorbing pad with ZnO NPs developed in this study was able to inactivate C. jejuni in raw chicken meat and keep the meat free from C. jejuni contamination during shelf life without any observed migration of nanoparticles. The controllable conversion of immobilized ZnO NPs to free Zn2+ makes this approach safe and eco-friendly and paves the way for developing a novel intervention strategy for other high-risk foods. Our study applied nanotechnology to exploit an effective approach for Campylobacter control in raw chicken meat products.

Download Full-text

Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Piper betle Leaf Extract and Its Application in Surgical Sutures

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2021/8833864 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Quynh Mai Thi Tran ◽

Hong Anh Thi Nguyen ◽

Van-Dat Doan ◽

Quang-Hieu Tran ◽

Van Cuong Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Site Infection ◽

Zno Nps ◽

E Coli ◽

Size And Morphology

Surgical site infection (SSI), mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), is considered the most frequent complication in a surgical patient. Globally, surgical site infection accounts for 2.5%-41.9% and even higher rates in developing countries. SSI affects not only the patient’s health but also the development of society. Like previous reports, a surgical suture increases the hazard of SSI due to its structure. The antibacterial suture is the most effective solution to decrease the SSI. Due to some unique properties, nano-zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) is one of the promising antibacterial agents for coating on the suture. In this study, we aim to synthesize the ZnO NPs using Piper betle leaf extract and used it to coat the suture. The effect of synthesis parameters on the size and morphology of ZnO NPs was studied as well. The UV-Vis spectrum indicated the formation of ZnO NPs with λ max at around 370 nm. The volume of leaf extract plays a role in controlling the size and morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The average particle size of as-synthesized ZnO NPs was around 112 nm with a hexagonal and spherical shape. Other than that, the results proved that ZnO NPs performed a high antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli with its antibacterial effectiveness up to 5 days. The ZnO NP-coated sutures also exhibited a high performance on bacterial inactivation. With key findings, this study made a tremendous contribution to lowering the burden on medical services in terms of medical treatment cost in developing countries.

Download Full-text

Green Fabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Phlomis Leaf Extract: Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Properties

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26206140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (20) ◽

pp. 6140

Author(s):

Amal A. Alyamani ◽

Salim Albukhaty ◽

Salman Aloufi ◽

Faizah A. AlMalki ◽

Hassan Al-Karagoly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Normal Fibroblast ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Disk Diffusion Method

Green nanoparticle synthesis is an environmentally friendly approach that uses natural solvents. It is preferred over chemical and physical techniques due to the time and energy savings. This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) through a green method that used Phlomis leaf extract as an effective reducing agent. The synthesis and characterization of ZnO NPs were confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) techniques. In vitro cytotoxicity was determined in L929 normal fibroblast cells using MTT assay. The antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated using a disk-diffusion method against S. aureus and E. coli, as well as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) content concentrations. XRD results confirmed the nanoparticles’ crystalline structure. Nanoparticle sizes were found to be around 79 nm by FESEM, whereas the hydrodynamic radius of nanoparticles was estimated to be around 165 3 nm by DLS. FTIR spectra revealed the formation of ZnO bonding and surfactant molecule adsorption on the surface of ZnO NPs. It is interesting to observe that aqueous extracts of phlomis leave plant are efficient reducing agents for green synthesis of ZnO NPs in vitro, with no cytotoxic effect on L929 normal cells and a significant impact on the bacteria tested.

Download Full-text

Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanostructures Using Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract and Their Effect on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato: An Eco-Friendly Approach

Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics ◽

10.1166/jno.2020.2891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 1412-1422

Author(s):

Nishat Arshi ◽

Y. Prashanthi ◽

Tentu Nageswara Rao ◽

Faheem Ahmed ◽

Shalendra Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

X Ray ◽

The Impact

In this study, we report synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles using simple chemical and green methods. The ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (neem) as reducing agent. The as obtained product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and TEM techniques. XRD analysis confirms that ZnO nanoparticles were crystalline having hexagonal Wurtzite structure with (1 0 0), (0 0 2), (1 0 1), (1 0 2), (1 1 0) and (1 1 2) planes. SEM analyses show that the as synthesized ZnO NPs were in the form of agglomerates and no other impurity peak was found in the EDS. TEM analyses confirm that the size of the nanoparticle was approx. 50 nm. Here in, we investigate the effect of chemical and green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles on germination and growth of lycopersicum esculentus (tomato) using petri plate seed germination method in loamy sand soil. The impact of concentration of applied ZnO nanoparticles via green synthesis and chemical methods were analyzed. Results revealed that green synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles showed maximum growth of seedling as compared to chemically synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles, bulk ZnO and control. After 50 days of tomato growth analysis, it was recognized that ZnO NPs can be a good green synthetic fertilizer by increasing shoot length, wet weight, dry weight and yield over conventional control. Hence, green method is found to be more effective.

Download Full-text

In Vitro Cytotoxicity Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Spermatogonia Cells

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9051081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1081

Author(s):

Ana Rita Pinho ◽

Filipa Martins ◽

M. Elisabete V. Costa ◽

Ana M. R. Senos ◽

Odete A. B. da Cruz e Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

The Body ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Spermatogonia Cells ◽

The Impact

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are a type of metal oxide nanoparticle with an extensive use in biomedicine. Several studies have focused on the biosafety of ZnO NPs, since their size and surface area favor entrance and accumulation in the body, which can induce toxic effects. In previous studies, ZnO NPs have been identified as a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic inducer in testis and male germ cells. However, the consequences for the first cell stage of spermatogenesis, spermatogonia, have never been evaluated. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs in spermatogonia cells, focusing on changes in cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton. For that purpose, GC-1 cell line derived from mouse testes was selected as a model of spermatogenesis. These cells were treated with different doses of ZnO NPs for 6 h and 12 h. The impact of GC-1 cells exposure to ZnO NPs on cell viability, cell damage, and cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton dynamics was assessed. Our results clearly indicate that higher concentrations of ZnO NPs have a cytotoxic effect in GC-1 cells, leading to an increase of intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, DNA damage, cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton dynamics alterations, and consequently cell death. In conclusion, it is here reported for the first time that ZnO NPs induce cytotoxic effects, including changes in cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton in mouse spermatogonia cells, which may compromise the progression of spermatogenesis in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the Toxicological Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Albino Male Mice

Iraqi Journal of Science ◽

10.24996/ijs.2020.61.1.5 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 42-58

Author(s):

Sarab Mohammed M. Razooki ◽

Adel M. Rabee

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Seminiferous Tubules ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

High Dose ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Male Mice ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Toxicological Effect ◽

Histopathological Effects

The acute and sub chronic toxicity effects of 25.16 nm intraperitoneally- injected zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were evaluated. Albino male mice were exposed to three different doses (25, 50 ,and 100 mg/kg ), depending on the value of calculated LD50, for 2 and 4 weeks . Considerable changes in organ indexes were shown with a good relevance to the illustrated histopathological effects which ranged from multiple hemorrhagic foci in liver, mild swelling and dilatation in kidney tubules, thickening of intestinal villi, moderate interstitial pneumonia, especially with the high dose , and sever necrosis of seminiferous tubules in testes of all studied groups. Significant changes in both hematological and biochemical parameters as well as thyroid hormones were observed with a considerable increase in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, in dose and exposure time dependent manner. The highest accumulated Zn mean values were recorded in the small intestine, kidney, liver, and spleen, respectively, followed by testes , heart , lung , and brain. These values followed the same order of the dose dependent manner, which explains the adverse effects that were recorded. This study proved the ability of using organ indexes as good tools side by side with the biochemical indicators to explain the histopathological changes. This study also revealed some histopathological effects that were not previously recorded as a toxicological effect of ZnO NPs in animal models.

Download Full-text

Microencapsulation of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Plumeria leaf extract and kinetic studies in the release of ZnO-NPs from microcapsules

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-020-04100-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kalana D. Halanayake ◽

Nishantha K. Kalutharage ◽

Jinasena W. Hewage

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Zero Order ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Ft Ir

AbstractBiosynthesis using plant extract is known as one of the potential techniques to synthesize different zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in different size ranges. ZnO-NPs were synthesized using Plumeria leaf extract with laboratory chemical reagent Zn(CH3COO)2 and followed by the micro-encapsulation of biosynthesized ZnO-NPs using chitosan and cellulose with TEOF as a cross-linker employing freeze gelation method. Both neat and encapsulated ZnO-NPs have been characterized by FT-IR, UV spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM techniques. The UV-spectroscopic analysis confirmed the characteristic band of ZnO-NPs at 356.0 nm, and FIIR showed the peaks at 544 cm−1 and 545 cm−1 corresponding to the Zn–O bond. Powder XRD pattern showed the wurtzite structure of ZnO and gave the calculated average crystallite size as of 27.23 nm. In the case of encapsulated ZnO-NPs, the UV–visible spectrum showed two strong absorption peaks at 232.5 nm, 242.5 nm, and a weak peak at 357 nm. A broad peak at 3333 cm−1 in FT-IR spectra is either due to N–H stretching in the amide group of chitosan or hydroxyl group in encapsulated ZnO-NPs. It was observed that chitosan loaded ZnO-NPs had higher entrapment efficiency (81.98%) at 15 mL of plant extract. The kinetic profile in the release of ZnO particles out from encapsulated ZnO-NPs was observed to follow four kinetic paths in 120 min at pH 1.2. The particle release followed the zero-order kinetic in the first 50 min and then followed by Hixson–Crowell kinetic in the next 50 min with two different rate constants, 2.6 × 10−3 min−1 and 13 × 10−3 min−1, before it backs to the zero-order kinetics. This study shows that ZnO nanoparticles can easily be biosynthesized and encapsulated for use in the pharmaceutical industry.

Download Full-text

The Anti-Breast Cancer Effects of Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Carob Extract

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520620666200721132522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Vahid Pouresmaeil ◽

Shaghayegh Haghighi ◽

Asieh S. Raeisalsadati ◽

Ali Neamati ◽

Masoud Homayouni-Tabrizi

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Dose Dependent

Background: The use of nanoparticles synthesized by the green method to treat cancer is fairly recent. The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity, apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects and their expression of involving genes, of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) synthesized with Carob extract on different human breast cancer cell lines. Methods: ZnO-NPs synthesized using the extract of Carob and characterized with various analytical techniques. The MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells were treated at different times and concentrations with ZnO-NPs. The cytotoxicity, apoptosis and anti-angiogenic were examined using a series of cellular assays. Expression of apoptotic genes (Bax and Bcl2) and anti-angiogenic genes, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGF-R) in cancer cells treated with ZnO-NPs were examined with Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The antioxidant activities of ZnO-NPs evaluated by ABTS and DPPH assay. Results: Exposure of cells to ZnO-NPs resulted in a dose-dependent loss of cell viability. The IC50 at 24, 48 and 72 hours were 125, 62.5 and 31.2µg/ml respectively (p<0.001). ZnO-NPs treated cells showed in fluorescent microscopy that ZnONPs are able to upregulate apoptosis and RT-qPCR revealed upregulation of Bax (p<0.001) and downregulation of Bcl-2 (p<0.05). ZnO-NPs increased VEGF gene expression while decreasing VEGF-R (p<0.001). The antioxidant effects of ZnO-NPs were higher than control group and were dose dependent manner (p<0.001). Conclusion: ZnO-NPs synthetized using Carob extract have the ability to eliminate breast cancerous cells and inhibit angiogenesis so could be used as anticancer agent.

Download Full-text