scholarly journals Plasma-Induced Oxidation Products of (–)-Epigallocatechin Gallate with Digestive Enzymes Inhibitory Effects

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5799
Author(s):  
Gyeong Han Jeong ◽  
Tae Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
Plasma Irradiation ◽  
Chemical Structures

(−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the chief dietary constituent in green tea (Camellia sinensis), is relatively unstable under oxidative conditions. This study evaluated the use of non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma to improve the anti-digestive enzyme capacities of EGCG oxidation products. Pure EGCG was dissolved in an aqueous solution and irradiated with DBD plasma for 20, 40, and 60 min. The reactant, irradiated for 60 min, exhibited improved inhibitory properties against α-glucosidase and α-amylase compared with the parent EGCG. The chemical structures of these oxidation products 1–3 from the EGCG, irradiated with the plasma for 60 min, were characterized using spectroscopic methods. Among the oxidation products, EGCG quinone dimer A (1) showed the most potent inhibitory effects toward α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50 values of 15.9 ± 0.3 and 18.7 ± 0.3 μM, respectively. These values were significantly higher than that of the positive control, acarbose. Compound 1, which was the most active, was the most abundant in the plasma-irradiated reactant for 60 min according to quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. These results suggest that the increased biological capacity of EGCG can be attributed to the structural changes to EGCG in H2O, induced by cold plasma irradiation.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Activity of 8 Alkaloids on P-gp and Their Distribution in Chinese Uncaria Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2097350
Author(s):  
Yanan Gai ◽  
Nannan Yang ◽  
Jian Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Glycoprotein P ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chemical Distribution ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mcf 7

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition conduces to improving the ability of chemicals to cross through blood-brain barrier (BBB). The hook-bearing branch of Uncaria is used as a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of hypertension, headache, stroke, and Alzheimer’s disease in recent years. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 8 alkaloids sourced from Uncaria plants on P-gp were evaluated. Meanwhile, the content of 8 alkaloids in 8 Chinese Uncaria species was quantified simultaneously by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Western blotting, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the P-gp levels in MCF-7/adriamycin-resistant (ADR) cells. It was shown that hirsuteine and hirsutine, selected from 8 candidate alkaloids, could remarkably suppressed P-gp level and function in MCF-7/ADR cells when using Verapamil as positive control. By tracking their chemical distribution in 8 Chinese Uncaria species, we found that hirsuteine and hirsutine were much more abundant in Uncaria rhynchophylla and Uncaria hirsuta than in any other 6 species. And a chemical content profile of these alkaloids was plotted within 8 Chinese species.

scholarly journals Characterization and Identification of Bioactive Polyphenols in the Trapabispinosa Roxb. Pericarp Extract

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5802
Author(s):  
Yuji Iwaoka ◽  
Shoichi Suzuki ◽  
Nana Kato ◽  
Chisa Hayakawa ◽  
Satoko Kawabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Potential Food

In this study, we present the isolation and characterization of the structure of six gallotannins (1–6), three ellagitannins (7–9), a neolignan glucoside (10), and three related polyphenolic compounds (gallic acid, 11 and 12) from Trapa bispinosa Roxb. pericarp extract (TBE). Among the isolates, the structure of compound 10 possessing a previously unclear absolute configuration was unambiguously determined through nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism analyses. The α-glucosidase activity and glycation inhibitory effects of the isolates were evaluated. Decarboxylated rugosin A (8) showed an α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while hydrolyzable tannins revealed stronger antiglycation activity than that of the positive control. Furthermore, the identification and quantification of the TBE polyphenols were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis, indicating the predominance of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and galloyl glucoses showing marked antiglycation properties. These findings suggest that there is a potential food industry application of polyphenols in TBE as a functional food with antidiabetic and antiglycation activities.

scholarly journals Charantoside L, A New Cucurbitane-Type Glycoside from Momordica charantia L. with α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110689
Author(s):  
Duong Thi Hai Yen ◽  
Pham Hai Yen ◽  
Nguyen Quang Hop ◽  
Nguyen Anh Hung ◽  
Ha Thi Thu Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Reported Data

A new cucurbitane-type glycoside (1) and two known compounds (2-3) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruits of Momordica charantia L. Their chemical structures were determined as (19 S,23 E)-5 β­,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3 β,25-diol 3 -O-β-D-allopyranoside (1), goyaglycoside d (2), and (19 S,23 E)-5 β,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3 β,25-diol (3) on the basis of the extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and in comparison with the reported data. Compounds 1 to 3 were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Compounds 1 and 2 showed anti α-glucosidase activity with IC50 values of 134.12 ± 11.20 and 163.17 ± 13.71 µM, respectively, compared with the positive control, acarbose, IC50 160.99 ± 14.30 μM. Compounds 2 and 3 were first isolated from plant M. charantia growing in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Noble 3,4-Seco-triterpenoid Glycosides from the Fruits of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus and Their Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Bo-Ram Choi ◽  
Hyoung-Geun Kim ◽  
Wonmin Ko ◽  
Linsha Dong ◽  
Dahye Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Mapk Phosphorylation ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Acanthopanax Sessiliflorus ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Triterpenoid Glycosides ◽  
New Compounds

Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Araliaceae) have been reported to exhibit many pharmacological activities. Our preliminary study suggested that A. sessiliflorus fruits include many bioactive 3,4-seco-triterpenoids. A. sessiliflorus fruits were extracted in aqueous EtOH and fractionated into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H2O fractions. Repeated column chromatographies for the organic fractions led to the isolation of 3,4-seco-triterpenoid glycosides, including new compounds. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) mass spectrometry (MS) systems were used for quantitation and quantification. BV2 and RAW264.7 cells were induced by LPS, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators and their underlying mechanisms were measured by ELISA and Western blotting. NMR, IR, and HR-MS analyses revealed the chemical structures of the nine noble 3,4-seco-triterpenoid glycosides, acanthosessilioside G–O, and two known ones. The amounts of the compounds were 0.01–2.806 mg/g, respectively. Acanthosessilioside K, L, and M were the most effective in inhibiting NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production and reducing iNOS and COX-2 expression. In addition, it had inhibitory effects on the LPS-induced p38 and ERK MAPK phosphorylation in both BV2 and RAW264.7 cells. Nine noble 3,4-seco-triterpenoid glycosides were isolated from A. sessiliflorus fruits, and acanthosessilioside K, L, and M showed high anti-inflammatory and anti-neuroinflammatory effects.

Molecular hybridization based on (–)-epigallocatechin gallate as a new class of anti-glycation agents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyeong Han Jeong ◽  
Seungil Park ◽  
Seong Bong Kim ◽  
Cheorun Jo ◽  
Tae Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Plasma Irradiation ◽  
New Class ◽  
Hybrid Molecules ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products

Abstract (–)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and olivetol hybrid molecules 1–4 were conveniently synthesized using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma irradiation. The structures of these unprecedented hybrid molecules were determined by interpretation of spectroscopic data. The unusual hybrid 1 showed improved anti-glycation potency toward the advanced formation of glycation end products (AGEs) than the original EGCG and olivetol. The novel hybrid 1 is an interesting new class of anti-glycation candidate that requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Oxidation of Enrofloxacin with Permanganate: Kinetics, Multivariate Effects, Identification of Oxidation Products, and Determination of Residual Antibacterial Activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongpeng Xu ◽  
Shiyao Liu ◽  
Fang Guo ◽  
Fuyi Cui
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Buffer Effect ◽  
Piperazine Ring

Permanganate [Mn(VII)] chemistry oxidation of fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotic enrofloxacin (ENR) in water is investigated with respect to the kinetics, pH effect, buffer effect, and the evaluation of residual antibacterial activity after oxidative treatment. The degradation of ENR by Mn(VII) obeyed a secondary-order kinetics. Modern high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry coupled with high performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the structures of degradation products. Four main oxidation products were identified at different pH values. Several influencing factors, pH value, and buffer obviously affect reaction rate and products relative abundance. Autocatalysis taking place at slightly acidic pH promotes the reaction but has no effect on the product types. A plausible oxidation pathway for enrofloxacin with Mn(VII) was proposed. The oxidation took place at the piperazine ring. Structural changes to the piperazine ring include N-dealkylation, hydroxylation, and hydrolysis. Residual antibacterial activity of the oxidative reaction solutions against nonresistantEscherichia colireference strain DH5αis evaluated by means of quantitative bioassays. It is noticed that the oxidation products exhibited negligible antibacterial activity just when the structures of the products changed.

Inhibitory effects of bioaccessible anthocyanins and procyanidins from apple, red grape, cinnamon on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pınar Ercan ◽  
Sedef Nehir El
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Red Grape

Abstract. The goals of this study were to determine and evaluate the bioaccessibility of total anthocyanin and procyanidin in apple (Amasya, Malus communis), red grape (Papazkarası, Vitis vinifera) and cinnamon (Cassia, Cinnamomum) using an in vitro static digestion system based on human gastrointestinal physiologically relevant conditions. Also, in vitro inhibitory effects of these foods on lipid (lipase) and carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) were performed with before and after digested samples using acarbose and methylumbelliferyl oleate (4MUO) as the positive control. While the highest total anthocyanin content was found in red grape (164 ± 2.51 mg/100 g), the highest procyanidin content was found in cinnamon (6432 ± 177.31 mg/100 g) (p < 0.05). The anthocyanin bioaccessibilities were found as 10.2 ± 1%, 8.23 ± 0.64%, and 8.73 ± 0.70% in apple, red grape, and cinnamon, respectively. The procyanidin bioaccessibilities of apple, red grape, and cinnamon were found as 17.57 ± 0.71%, 14.08 ± 0.74% and 18.75 ± 1.49%, respectively. The analyzed apple, red grape and cinnamon showed the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 544 ± 21.94, 445 ± 15.67, 1592 ± 17.58 μg/mL, respectively), α-amylase (IC50 38.4 ± 7.26, 56.1 ± 3.60, 3.54 ± 0.86 μg/mL, respectively), and lipase (IC50 52.7 ± 2.05, 581 ± 54.14, 49.6 ± 2.72 μg/mL), respectively. According to our results apple, red grape and cinnamon have potential to inhibit of lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase digestive enzymes.

Azo (Hydrazone) pigments: general principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Christie
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Physical Form

Abstract This paper presents an overview of the general chemical principles underlying the structures, synthesis and technical performance of azo pigments, the dominant chemical class of industrial organic pigments in the yellow, orange, and red shade areas, both numerically and in terms of tonnage manufactured. A description of the most significant historical features in this group of pigments is provided, starting from the discovery of the chemistry on which azo colorants are based by Griess in the mid-nineteenth century, through the commercial introduction of the most important classical azo pigments in the early twentieth century, including products known as the Hansa Yellows, β-naphthol reds, including metal salt pigments, and the diarylide yellows and oranges, to the development in the 1950s and 1960s of two classes of azo pigments that exhibit high performance, disazo condensation pigments and benzimidazolone-based azo pigments. A feature that complicates the description of the chemical structures of azo pigments is that they exist in the solid state as the ketohydrazone rather than the hydroxyazo form, in which they have been traditionally been illustrated. Numerous structural studies conducted over the years on an extensive range of azo pigments have demonstrated this feature. In this text, they are referred to throughout as azo (hydrazone) pigments. Since a common synthetic procedure is used in the manufacture of virtually all azo (hydrazone) pigments, this is discussed in some detail, including practical aspects. The procedure brings together two organic components as the fundamental starting materials, a diazo component and a coupling component. An important reason for the dominance of azo (hydrazone) pigments is that they are highly cost-effective. The syntheses generally involve low cost, commodity organic starting materials and are carried out in water as the reaction solvent, which offers obvious economic and environmental advantages. The versatility of the approach means that an immense number of products may be prepared, so that they have been adapted structurally to meet the requirements of many applications. On an industrial scale, the processes are straightforward, making use of simple, multi-purpose chemical plant. Azo pigments may be produced in virtually quantitative yields and the processes are carried out at or below ambient temperatures, thus presenting low energy requirements. Finally, provided that careful control of the reaction conditions is maintained, azo pigments may be prepared directly by an aqueous precipitation process that can optimise physical form, with control of particle size distribution, crystalline structure, and surface character. The applications of azo pigments are outlined, with more detail reserved for subsequent papers on individual products.

Star-shaped arylacetylene resins derived from silicon

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 676-684
Author(s):  
Niping Dai ◽  
Junkun Tang ◽  
Manping Ma ◽  
Xiaotian Liu ◽  
Chuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
High Performance Resin

AbstractStar-shaped arylacetylene resins, tris(3-ethynyl-phenylethynyl)methylsilane, tris(3-ethynyl-phenylethynyl) phenylsilane, and tris (3-ethynyl-phenylethynyl) silane (TEPHS), were synthesized through Grignard reaction between 1,3-diethynylbenzene and three types of trichlorinated silanes. The chemical structures and properties of the resins were characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Haake torque rheomoter, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, mechanical test, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the melt viscosity at 120 °C is lower than 150 mPa⋅s, and the processing windows are as wide as 60 °C for the resins. The resins cure at the temperature as low as 150 °C. The good processabilities make the resins to be suitable for resin transfer molding. The cured resins exhibit high flexural modulus and excellent heat-resistance. The flexural modulus of the cured TEPHS at room temperature arrives at as high as 10.9 GPa. Its temperature of 5% weight loss (Td5) is up to 697 °C in nitrogen. The resins show the potential for application in fiber-reinforced composites as high-performance resin in the field of aviation and aerospace.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Studies of the Antiallergic Activity of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. and Its Compounds

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Nur Zahirah Abd Rani ◽  
Kok Wai Lam ◽  
Juriyati Jalil ◽  
Hazni Falina Mohamad ◽  
Mohd Shukri Mat Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Radioligand Binding ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
H1 Receptor ◽  
Antiallergic Activity ◽  
Ketotifen Fumarate ◽  
Antihistamine Activity ◽  
Basophilic Leukemia

Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. (Phyllanthaceae) is a medicinal plant that is commonly used to treat diseases such as asthma, diabetes, and anemia. This study aimed to examine the antiallergic activity of P. amarus extract and its compounds. The antiallergic activity was determined by measuring the concentration of allergy markers release from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells with ketotifen fumarate as the positive control. As a result, P. amarus did not stabilize mast cell degranulation but exhibited antihistamine activity. The antihistamine activity was evaluated by conducting a competition radioligand binding assay on the histamine 1 receptor (H1R). Four compounds were identified from the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis which were phyllanthin (1), hypophyllanthin (2), niranthin (3), and corilagin (4). To gain insights into the binding interactions of the most active compound hypophyllanthin (2), molecular docking was conducted and found that hypophyllanthin (2) exhibited favorable binding in the H1R binding site. In conclusion, P. amarus and hypophyllanthin (2) could potentially exhibit antiallergic activity by preventing the activation of the H1 receptor.

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