scholarly journals Identification and Quantification, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacological Activities, and Botanical Preparations of Protopine: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Wangli Huang ◽  
Lingbo Kong ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
Liang Yan
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Through pharmacological activity research, an increasing number of natural products and their derivatives are being recognized for their therapeutic value. In recent years, studies have been conducted on Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang, a valuable medicinal herb listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Protopine, one of its components, has also become a research hotspot. To illustrate the identification, metabolism, and broad pharmacological activity of protopine and the botanical preparations containing it for further scientific studies and clinical applications, an in-depth and detailed review of protopine is required. We collected data on the identification and quantification, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and botanical preparations of protopine from 1986 to 2021 from the PubMed database using “protopine” as a keyword. It has been shown that protopine as an active ingredient of many botanical preparations can be rapidly screened and quantified by a large number of methods (such as the LC-ESI-MS/MS and the TLC/GC-MS), and the possible metabolic pathways of protopine in vivo have been proposed. In addition, protopine possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-cancer, analgesic, vasodilatory, anticholinesterase, anti-addictive, anticonvulsant, antipathogenic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities. In this paper, the identification and quantification, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and botanical preparations of protopine are reviewed in detail to lay a foundation for further scientific research and clinical applications of protopine.

Ethnomedicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Berberis Linn: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Reyaz Hassan Mir ◽  
Prince Ahad Mir ◽  
Saeema Farooq ◽  
Syed Naiem Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Background: Genus Berberis (family Berberidaceae), which contains about 650 species and 17 genera worldwide, has been used in folklore and various traditional medicine systems. Berberis Linn. is the most established group among genera with around 450-500 species across the world. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations. Objective: The present review is focussed to summarize and collect the updated review of information of Genus Berberis species reported to date regarding their ethnomedicinal information, chemical constituents, traditional/folklore use, and reported pharmacological activities on more than 40 species of Berberis. Conclusion: A comprehensive survey of the literature reveals that various species of the genus possess various phytoconstituents mainly alkaloids, flavonoid based compounds isolated from different parts of a plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities. So far, many pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory both in vitro & in vivo and clinical study of different extracts/isolated compounds of different species of Berberis have been reported, proving their importance as a medicinal plant and claiming their traditional use.

Bioprospecting Cryptogams as Potential Source of Unique Biodynamic Phytochemicals with Diverse Pharmaceutical Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahma N. Singh ◽  
Garima Pandey ◽  
Prateeksha ◽  
J. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Structures

With the advent of green pharmaceuticals, the secondary metabolites derived from plants have provided numerous leads for the development of a wide range of therapeutic drugs; however the discovery of new drugs with novel structures has declined in the past few years. Cryptogams including lichens, bryophytes, and pteridophytes represent a group of small terrestrial plants that remain relatively untouched in the drug discovery process though some have been used as ethnomedicines by various tribes worldwide. Studies of their secondary metabolites are recent but reveal unique secondary metabolites which are not synthesized by higher plants. These compounds can have the potential to develop more potential herbal drugs for prevention and treatment of diseases The present article . deals with the secondary metabolites and pharmacological activities of cryptogams with an objective to bring them forth as potential source of biodynamic compounds of therapeutic value.

scholarly journals Designer Oncolytic Adenovirus: Coming of Age

Cancers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Baker ◽  
Carmen Aguirre-Hernández ◽  
Gunnel Halldén ◽  
Alan Parker
Keyword(s):  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Oncolytic Adenovirus ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Immunomodulatory Agents ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Targeting Ability

The licensing of talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec) represented a landmark moment for oncolytic virotherapy, since it provided unequivocal evidence for the long-touted potential of genetically modified replicating viruses as anti-cancer agents. Whilst T-Vec is promising as a locally delivered virotherapy, especially in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, the quest continues for a virus capable of specific tumour cell killing via systemic administration. One candidate is oncolytic adenovirus (Ad); it’s double stranded DNA genome is easily manipulated and a wide range of strategies and technologies have been employed to empower the vector with improved pharmacokinetics and tumour targeting ability. As well characterised clinical and experimental agents, we have detailed knowledge of adenoviruses’ mechanisms of pathogenicity, supported by detailed virological studies and in vivo interactions. In this review we highlight the strides made in the engineering of bespoke adenoviral vectors to specifically infect, replicate within, and destroy tumour cells. We discuss how mutations in genes regulating adenoviral replication after cell entry can be used to restrict replication to the tumour, and summarise how detailed knowledge of viral capsid interactions enable rational modification to eliminate native tropisms, and simultaneously promote active uptake by cancerous tissues. We argue that these designer-viruses, exploiting the viruses natural mechanisms and regulated at every level of replication, represent the ideal platforms for local overexpression of therapeutic transgenes such as immunomodulatory agents. Where T-Vec has paved the way, Ad-based vectors now follow. The era of designer oncolytic virotherapies looks decidedly as though it will soon become a reality.

Chemical constituents, ethnomedicinal uses, pharmacology, and toxicity of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants, formerly Chenopodium ambrosioides L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boniface Pone Kamdem ◽  
Eutrophe Le Doux Kamto ◽  
Hugues Kamdem Paumo ◽  
Lebogang Maureen Katata-Seru ◽  
Dieudonné Emmanuel Pegnyemb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Literature Information ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Background: Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants is an aromatic herb native to South America, but also distributed widely throughout Africa and Europe. This plant is traditionally used to treat various ailments including, pain and swellings, flu, parasitic diseases, and as analgesic, antipyretic, and wound healing. Phytochemical analyses of D. ambrosioides revealed the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, fatty acids and miscellaneous compounds among others, which might be responsible for its modern pharmacological actions. Objective: The present work summarizes recent developments on phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal use, pharmacology, and toxicity of D. ambrosioides. A critical assessment of the literature information of D. ambrosioides is also presented. Methods: The available information on D. ambrosioides was collected through libraries and electronic databases [Scifinder, ACS, Scielo, Science direct, Pubmed (National Library of Medicine), Wiley, Springer, PROTA, Web of Science, Google Web, Yahoo search and Google scholar] from respective inception until january 2021. Results: More than 150 compounds, including terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, fatty acids, and miscellaneous compounds etc.. were identified from D. ambrosioides. D. ambrosioides exhibited a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, anticancer, insecticidal, antigiardial, among others. Metal nanoparticles synthesized from D. ambrosioides extracts presented enhanced pharmacological activities as compared to the crude plant extracts counterparts. Conclusion: D. ambrosioides is a promising medicinal plant, however, more in vivo experiments, cytotoxicity tests, and mechanisms of actions of its extracts and compounds are recommended to transubstantiate the ethnomedicinal claims of this plant into scientific rationale-based information.

Viscum album (L) extracts in cancer treatment: a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Author(s):  
Aloisio Cunha de Carvalho ◽  
Leoni Villano Bonamin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Anti Cancer

Background: Several reviews about phytotherapy and homeopathy have been published in the last years, including Viscum album (VA.L). VA is a parasite plant whose extract has anti-cancer proprieties and is used alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy. Methods: We performed a systematic review about the in vivo and in vitro models described in the literature, including veterinary clinical trials. The literature was consulted from Pubmed database. Results: There are several kinds of pharmaceutical preparations about VA and their active principles used in experimental studies, lectin being frequently studied (alone or as an extract compound). More than 50% of available literature about VA is related to the lectin effects. On the other hand, the effects of viscotoxins are less studied. Among the in vivo experimental studies about VA and its compounds, the B16 murine melanoma is the most used model, followed by Ehrlich, Walker and Dalton tumors. The results point to the apoptotic effects, metastasis control and tumor regression. Some veterinary clinical studies about the use of VA in the treatment of sarcoid, fibrosarcoma and neuroblastoma are quoted in literature too, with interesting results. Considering the in vitro models, our review revealed that NALM6 leukemia cells, B16 melanoma and NC1-H460 lung carcinoma were the most studied tumor models, apoptosis signals being the most important findings. Only one study verified immunoglobulin and interleukin production. All consulted papers were related to phytotherapy preparations only. Conclusions: Although the literature about the anti-cancer activity of VA extract and its lectins is enough, there is a marked lack of information about viscotoxin activities and about the effects of homeopathic preparations of this plant on animal tumors and on in vitro cultivated tumor cells.

Characterization of Metabolites of α-mangostin in Bio-samples from SD Rats by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Dong ◽  
Shaoping Wang ◽  
Ailin Yang ◽  
Haoran Li ◽  
Pingping Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Metabolic Route ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Orbitrap Ms

Background: α-mangostin, a typical xanthone, often exists in Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae). α-mangostin was found to have a wide range of pharmacological properties. However, its specific metabolic route in vivo remains unclear, while these metabolites may accumulate to exert pharmacological effects, too. Objective: This study aimed to clarify the metabolic pathways of α-mangostin after oral administration to the rats. Methods: Here, an UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS was used for the detection of potential metabolites formed in vivo. A new strategy for the identification of unknown metabolites based on typical fragmentation routes was implemented. Results: A total of 42 metabolites were detected, and their structures were tentatively identified in this study. The results showed that major in vivo metabolic pathways of α-mangostin in rats included methylation, demethylation, methoxylation, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydroxylation, dehydroxylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation. Conclusions: This study is significant to expand our knowledge of the in vivo metabolism of α-mangostin and to understand the mechanism of action of α-mangostin in rats in vivo.

scholarly journals Biochemistry, Safety, Pharmacological Activities, and Clinical Applications of Turmeric: A Mechanistic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Shabir Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Tauseef Sultan ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Arshad ◽  
Marwa Waheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Safety And Toxicity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a popular natural drug, traditionally used for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Its root, as its most popular part used for medicinal purposes, contains different types of phytochemicals and minerals. This review summarizes what is currently known on biochemistry, safety, pharmacological activities (mechanistically), and clinical applications of turmeric. In short, curcumin is considered as the fundamental constituent in ground turmeric rhizome. Turmeric possesses several biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, antiobesity, hypolipidemic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. These reported pharmacologic activities make turmeric an important option for further clinical research. Also, there is a discussion on its safety and toxicity.

scholarly journals Characterization of the phototoxicity, chemigenetic profile, and mutational signatures of the chemotherapeutic CX-5461 in Caenorhabditis elegans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank B. Ye ◽  
Akil Hamza ◽  
Tejomayee Singh ◽  
Stephane Flibotte ◽  
Philip Hieter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Dna Damaging Agents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Exogenous Factors

ABSTRACTNew anti-cancer therapeutics require extensive in vivo characterization to identify endogenous and exogenous factors affecting efficacy, to measure toxicity and mutagenicity, and to determine genotypes resulting in therapeutic sensitivity or resistance. We used Caenorhabditis elegans as a platform with which to characterize properties of anti-cancer therapeutic agents in vivo. We generated a map of chemigenetic interactions between DNA damage response mutants and common DNA damaging agents. We used this map to investigate the properties of the new anti-cancer therapeutic CX-5461. We phenocopied the photoreactivity observed in CX-5461 clinical trials and found that CX-5461 generates reactive oxygen species when exposed to UVA radiation. We demonstrated that CX-5461 is a mutator, resulting in both large copy number variations and a high frequency of single nucleotide variations (SNVs). CX-5461-induced SNVs exhibited a distinct mutational signature. Consistent with the wide range of CX-5461-induced mutation types, we found that multiple repair pathways were needed for CX-5461 tolerance. Together, the data from C. elegans demonstrate that CX-5461 is a multimodal DNA damaging agent with strong similarity to ellipticines, a class of antineoplastic agents, and to anthracycline-based chemotherapeutics.

scholarly journals CRISPR Therapeutics: New Emerging Developments and Clinical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 193-195
Author(s):  
Kaiser Jay Aziz-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Approval Process ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Immune System Diseases ◽  
Wide Range

CRISPR gene editing is a genetic engineering technique applied in clinical applications in which the genomes of living organisms may be modified. It is based on the principles of the CRISPR-Cas9 antiviral defense system. It is based on delivering the Cas9 nuclease complexed with a synthetic guide RNA into a living organism cell and that organisms’s genome can be “cut” and –“paste” at a desired location, allowing existing genes to be modified for desired outcome (i.e., CRISPR for Precision Medicine). CRISPR gene editing harnesses the natural defense mechanisms of some bacteria to cut human DNA strands. Then the DNA strand either heals itself or injects a new piece of DNA to mend the gap. Studies have been reported in Lung Cancer diagnosis and treatments. CRISPR-based engineering techniques have been developed for T Cells and Stem cells applications (i.e. Gene Corrections in Hematopoietic Stem Cells for the Treatment of Blood and Immune System Diseases). Even though earlier CRISPR methodologies were used for performing simple DNA edits, recent applications include the ability to delete genes or insert genes, and edit regulatory regions in a wide range of cell types. The role of CRISPR in human therapeutics is currently focused on utilizing CRISPR techniques to perform either in vivo editing of human cells–everything from the head, eye all the way to neurons and liver cells--or performing ex vivo therapies. The FDA’s new genomic CRISPR technology based products approval process begins with review and evaluation of preclinical studies in order to establish and characterize the proposed product’s safety profile. New genomic products must be shown to be safe and effective for the FDA approval process. The sponsor of the new genomic product must show that the product is safe and effective in human subjects.1

scholarly journals ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY OF CUMINUM CYMINUM: A REVIEW.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKHIL ARUN CHAUDHARI ◽  
NINAD SATHE
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Cuminum Cyminum ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Herbal Plant ◽  
Cancer Activity

Jeeraka, commonly known as cumin (Cuminum cyminum Linn.) (Family: Umbelliferae), is a popular herbal plant in traditional ayurvedic medicine, which has since long used as antioxidant, gastric stimulant, anti-flatulence, anti-diarrheal, sprue, anthelmintic, galactagogue, diuretic, astringent, carminative. This plant is pharmacologically and clinically evaluated for various activities like antioxidant, aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, hepato-protective, and anti-inflammatory. It is promulgated to possess a wide range of many phytochemical constituents. The current review is presented to give a comprehensive account of all anti-cancer activities of cumin. It will be helpful to create interest towards cumin and may be useful in developing new and economical anti-cancer formulations with more therapeutic value. The part used of the selected plant is seed. As per retrospective review cumin seed, its essential oil, ethanoic extract and 1­(2­Ethyl, 6­Heptyl) Phenol (EHP), a biologically active compound formerly extracted by benzene are found having anti-cancer activity against 13 different cell lines of various origins and 6 animal models. Also, it can be used as chemopreventive ingredient in the herbal anti-cancer formulation. Total 8 research articles, peer viewed research papers, abstracts and classical texts were reviewed.

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