scholarly journals Strategies to Improve the Properties of Amaranth Protein Isolate-Based Thin Films for Food Packaging Applications: Nano-Layering through Spin-Coating and Incorporation of Cellulose Nanocrystals

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2564
Author(s):  
Amparo López-Rubio ◽  
Adriana Blanco-Padilla ◽  
Kristiina Oksman ◽  
Sandra Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Angle Measurements

In this work, two different strategies for the development of amaranth protein isolate (API)-based films were evaluated. In the first strategy, ultrathin films were produced through spin-coating nanolayering, and the effects of protein concentration in the spin coating solution, rotational speed, and number of layers deposited on the properties of the films were evaluated. In the second strategy, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were incorporated through a casting methodology. The morphology, optical properties, and moisture affinity of the films (water contact angle, solubility, water content) were characterized. Both strategies resulted in homogeneous films with good optical properties, decreased hydrophilic character (as deduced from the contact angle measurements and solubility), and improved mechanical properties when compared with the neat API-films. However, both the processing method and film thickness influenced the final properties of the films, being the ones processed through spin coating more transparent, less hydrophilic, and less water-soluble. Incorporation of CNCs above 10% increased hydrophobicity, decreasing the water solubility of the API films and significantly enhancing material toughness.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol/pomegranate peel powder films

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5484-5489
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Green Packaging

Biodegradable plastics had gained much attention among the researchers due to the arising of sustainability and environmental issues caused by petrochemical-based plastics. In this study, PVA films incorporated with pomegranate peel powder (PPP) were synthesized by using solution casting method. The effect of PPP on the surface morphology, physical properties, barrier properties and antibacterial activity of PVA based films were studied through FE-SEM, water solubility test, water contact angle test and Kirby-Bauer test. The incorporation of PPP had significantly enhanced the water solubility and surface energy of PVA-PPP films with the increasing of PPP content that caused reduction in water contact angle of the films. However, the films do not show a significant effect on the antibacterial efficacy against E.coli. In conclusion, PVA-PPP films have great potential to be used as green packaging materials for cosmetics products provided that further study on antibacterial efficacy against gram positive bacteria should be conducted.

scholarly journals Effect of DMPA and Molecular Weight of Polyethylene Glycol on Water-Soluble Polyurethane

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyob Wondu ◽  
Hyun Woo Oh ◽  
Jooheon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Soft Segment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

In this study water-soluble polyurethane (WSPU) was synthesized from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and polyethylene glycol (PEG), 2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid or dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), butane-1,4-diol (BD), and triethylamine (TEA) using an acetone process. The water solubility was investigated by solubilizing the polymer in water and measuring the contact angle and the results indicated that water solubility and contact angle tendency were increased as the molecular weight of the soft segment decreased, the amount of emulsifier was increased, and soft segment to hard segment ratio was lower. The contact angle of samples without emulsifier was greater than 87°, while that of with emulsifier was less than 67°, indicating a shift from highly hydrophobic to hydrophilic. The WSPU was also analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to identify the absorption of functional groups and further checked by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The molecular weight of WSPU was measured using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The structure of the WSPU was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The thermal properties of WSPU were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

scholarly journals Synthesis, Hydrophilicity and Micellization of Coil–Brush Polystyrene-b-(polyglycidol-g-polyglycidol) Copolymer—Comparison with Linear Polystyrene-b-Polyglycidol

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Mariusz Gadzinowski ◽  
Maciej Kasprów ◽  
Teresa Basinska ◽  
Stanislaw Slomkowski ◽  
Łukasz Otulakowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Critical Micellization Concentration ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Similar Composition ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Static Conditions

In this paper, an original method of synthesis of coil–brush amphiphilic polystyrene-b-(polyglycidol-g-polyglycidol) (PS-b-(PGL-g-PGL)) block copolymers was developed. The hypothesis that their hydrophilicity and micellization can be controlled by polyglycidol blocks architecture was verified. The research enabled comparison of behavior in water of PS-b-PGL copolymers and block–brush copolymers PS-b-(PGL-g-PGL) with similar composition. The coil–brush copolymers were composed of PS-b-PGL linear core with average DPn of polystyrene 29 and 13 of polyglycidol blocks. The DPn of polyglycidol side blocks of coil–b–brush copolymers were 2, 7, and 11, respectively. The copolymers were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, GPC, and FTIR methods. The hydrophilicity of films from the linear and coil–brush copolymers was determined by water contact angle measurements in static conditions. The behavior of coil–brush copolymers in water and their critical micellization concentration (CMC) were determined by UV-VIS using 1,6-diphenylhexa-1,3,5-trien (DPH) as marker and by DLS. The CMC values for brush copolymers were much higher than for linear species with similar PGL content. The results of the copolymer film wettability and the copolymer self-assembly studies were related to fraction of hydrophilic polyglycidol. The CMC for both types of polymers increased exponentially with increasing content of polyglycidol.

Non-woven Membranes Electrospun from Polylactic Acid Incorporating Silver Nanoparticles as Biocide

2012 ◽  
Vol 1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haydee Vargas-Villagran ◽  
Elvia Teran-Salgado ◽  
Maraolina Dominguez-Diaz ◽  
Osvaldo Flores ◽  
Bernardo Campillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Chloroform Solution ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements

ABSTRACTIn this research, we describe the electrospinning processing of polylactic acid (PLA) and the influence of silver nanoparticles on the morphology and microstructure of produced non woven membranes thus produced. The PLA was electrospun from a chloroform solution and a filamentary and granular morphology was obtained, the filaments having an average diameter of 1.25 μm, When silver nanoparticles (of ca. 12 nm size) were incorporated, the filaments diameter was reduced to an average of 0.65 μm, and the density of beads was also reduced. The membranes were rather amorphous, as revealed by X-ray scattering, presumably due to the quenching process associated with the electrospinning process. Water contact angle measurements showed that silver nanoparticles induced significant hidrophobicity in the membranes as neat PLA membrane had a contact angle of 54° and PLA/Ag membrane exhibited an angle of 115°.

Hydrophobic Performance of Core/Shell Nanoarrays Modified by Stearic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
Hongxing Han ◽  
Lin Pan ◽  
Manying Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Zhifeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Angle Measurements

In this paper, we successfully prepare hydrophobic surface of ZnO/ZnS nanorods arrays modified by stearic acid. The morphology, microstructure, optical transmittance and self-cleaning property are examined by SEM, XRD, UV-vis and water contact angle measurements, respectively. The ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanoarrays shows a higher value of water contact angle in compare with that of pure ZnO nanorods arrays. After treatment by stearic acid, the resulting ZnO/ZnS nanostructure exhibits the best hydrophobicity with water droplets about 146.5 . The results show that the surface hydrophobicity of ZnO/ZnS nanoarrays can be improved by using stearic acid with low-surface-energy.

Transparent and Hydrophilic TiO2 Anatase as Top-Protective Layer for CSP Reflectors

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Ennaceri ◽  
Asmae Khaldoun ◽  
Abdelilah Benyoussef ◽  
Tristan Köhler ◽  
Rodrigo Sáez-Araoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Specular Reflectance ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Photo Catalysis ◽  
Angle Measurements

Titanium Dioxide is an important material that is used in many industrial applications such as photo-catalysis, glass-defogging, self-cleaning, waste water purification and anti-bacterial sterilization. The strong photo-catalysis of TiO2, and therefore its ability to decompose dirt and organic contaminants makes it an excellent top-protective layer candidate for CSP reflectors. The aim of this study consists of the deposition of a transparent and hydrophilic TiO2layer on top of the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) mirrors without altering their specular reflectance. The strong photo-catalysis and hydrophilicity of TiO2will decompose the dirt and organic matter on the surface of the mirrors, which would be cleaned away from the reflectors’ surface by rain, therefore minimizing the use of water for cleaning the CSP mirrors.In this study, polycrystalline anatase TiO2layers were deposited on glass substrates with different thicknesses. The contact angle measurements show that the hydrophilicity of TiO2increases with increasing surface roughness, with Water Contact Angle (WCA) of 52°and 30° for 48 nm and 100 nm, respectively. Super-hydrophilicity (WCA < 5°) was achieved for thicker TiO2layers, with WCA of 8° and 1° for 177 nm and 220 nm, respectively. The deposition of a 48 nm-thick TiO2layer on glass showed a high transmittance in the visible and Near Infrared (NIR) range (75%), whereas the transmission decreased with increasing thicknesses of TiO2. Therefore, a TiO2layer of 48 nm thickness is suggested in this study as a hydrophilic top-protective layer since it preserved the specular reflectance of the mirrors (97.5%) in the NIR range, compared to 98.6% without the TiO2layer.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of polyethylene glycol/poly(L-lactic acid) blends

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna-Georgia Athanasoulia ◽  
Petroula A. Tarantili
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Wetting Ability ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Poly Ethylene

AbstractThe effect of incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on thermomechanical and hydrophilicity properties of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) was investigated. PEG/PLLA blends, containing 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt% PEG, were prepared by melt-extrusion in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. By DSC analysis, it was observed that the Tg of PLLA phase in PEG/PLLA blends decreased accompanied by a significant decrease in Tcc and increase in their melting enthalpy. Therefore, the addition of PEG enhances the crystallization ability of PLLA phase due to its lubricating effect which increased mobility of PLLA chains. From TGA it was observed that low concentrations of PEG (10 & 20 wt%) increase the Tonset of thermal degradation, probably due to improved heat resistance of the crystalline phase. At higher PEG content, the Tonset decreases, as the lubricating effect becomes the controlling mechanism for the initiation of degradation process. Decrease in tensile strength and modulus was recorded especially in PLLA blends with PEG content higher than 20 wt%. The elongation at break decreases reaching a maximum at 20 wt% PEG and then dropped again. To investigate the effect of PEG on the wetting ability of PLLA, water contact angle measurements were performed. The results indicate that the introduction of PEG lowers the contact angle values in PEG/PLLA film surfaces, as compared to pure PLLA, suggesting improved hydrophilic properties.

scholarly journals Properties of Biocomposite Film Based on Whey Protein Isolate Filled with Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Pineapple Crown Leaf

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4278
Author(s):  
Fitriani Fitriani ◽  
Sri Aprilia ◽  
Nasrul Arahman ◽  
Muhammad Roil Bilad ◽  
Hazwani Suhaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Whey Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Casting Technique

Among the main bio-based polymer for food packaging materials, whey protein isolate (WPI) is one of the biopolymers that have excellent film-forming properties and are environmentally friendly. This study was performed to analyse the effect of various concentrations of bio-based nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) extracted from pineapple crown leaf (PCL) on the properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) films using the solution casting technique. Six WPI films were fabricated with different loadings of NCC from 0 to 10 % w/v. The resulting films were characterised based on their mechanical, physical, chemical, and thermal properties. The results show that NCC loadings increased the thickness of the resulting films. The transparency of the films decreased at higher NCC loadings. The moisture content and moisture absorption of the films decreased with the presence of the NCC, being lower at higher NCC loadings. The water solubility of the films decreased from 92.2% for the pure WPI to 65.5% for the one containing 10 % w/v of NCC. The tensile strength of the films peaked at 7% NCC loading with the value of 5.1 MPa. Conversely, the trend of the elongation at break data was the opposite of the tensile strength. Moreover, the addition of NCC produced a slight effect of NCC in FTIR spectra of the WPI films using principal component analysis. NCC loading enhanced the thermal stability of the WPI films, as shown by an increase in the glass transition temperature at higher NCC loadings. Moreover, the morphology of the films turned rougher and more heterogeneous with small particle aggregates in the presence of the NCC. Overall, the addition of NCC enhanced the water barrier and mechanical properties of the WPI films by incorporating the PCL-based NCC as the filler.

scholarly journals Amphiphilic Polyphosphonate Copolymers as New Additives for PDMS-Based Antifouling Coatings

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3414
Author(s):  
Elisa Guazzelli ◽  
Niccolò Lusiani ◽  
Gianfranca Monni ◽  
Matteo Oliva ◽  
Chiara Pelosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Antifouling Coatings ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Poly(ethyl ethylene phosphonate)-based methacrylic copolymers containing polysiloxane methacrylate (SiMA) co-units are proposed as surface-active additives as alternative solutions to the more investigated polyzwitterionic and polyethylene glycol counterparts for the fabrication of novel PDMS-based coatings for marine antifouling applications. In particular, the same hydrophobic SiMA macromonomer was copolymerized with a methacrylate carrying a poly(ethyl ethylene phosphonate) (PEtEPMA), a phosphorylcholine (MPC), and a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGMA) side chain to obtain non-water soluble copolymers with similar mole content of the different hydrophilic units. The hydrolysis of poly(ethyl ethylene phosphonate)-based polymers was also studied in conditions similar to those of the marine environment to investigate their potential as erodible films. Copolymers of the three classes were blended into a condensation cure PDMS matrix in two different loadings (10 and 20 wt%) to prepare the top-coat of three-layer films to be subjected to wettability analysis and bioassays with marine model organisms. Water contact angle measurements showed that all of the films underwent surface reconstruction upon prolonged immersion in water, becoming much more hydrophilic. Interestingly, the extent of surface modification appeared to be affected by the type of hydrophilic units, showing a tendency to increase according to the order PEGMA < MPC < PEtEPMA. Biological tests showed that Ficopomatus enigmaticus release was maximized on the most hydrophilic film containing 10 wt% of the PEtEP-based copolymer. Moreover, coatings with a 10 wt% loading of the copolymer performed better than those containing 20 wt% for the removal of both Ficopomatus and Navicula, independent from the copolymer nature.

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