scholarly journals A Review of Fluorescent Carbon Dots, Their Synthesis, Physical and Chemical Characteristics, and Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Mychele Jorns ◽  
Dimitri Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots

Carbon dots (CDs) are a particularly useful type of fluorescent nanoparticle that demonstrate biocompatibility, resistance to photobleaching, as well as diversity in composition and characteristics amongst the different types available. There are two main morphologies of CDs: Disk-shaped with 1–3 stacked sheets of aromatic carbon rings and quasi-spherical with a core-shell arrangement having crystalline and amorphous properties. They can be synthesized from various potentially environmentally friendly methods including hydrothermal carbonization, microwaving, pyrolysis or combustion, and are then purified via one or more methods. CDs can have either excitation wavelength-dependent or -independent emission with each having their own benefits in microscopic fluorescent imaging. Some CDs have an affinity for a particular cell type, organelle or chemical. This property allows the CDs to be used as sensors in a biological environment and can even provide quantitative information if the quenching or intensity of their fluorescence is dependent on the concentration of the analyte. In addition to fluorescent imaging, CDs can also be used for other applications including drug delivery, quality control, photodynamic therapy, and photocatalysis.

A new hydrothermal refluxing route to strong fluorescent carbon dots and its application as fluorescent imaging agent

Talanta ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye-Yun Zhang ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
Yan-Qin Wang ◽  
Xi-Wen He ◽  
Wen-You Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Imaging Agent ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon

Understanding the Photoluminescence Mechanism of Carbon Dots

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (51) ◽  
pp. 2927-2934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhoufeng Jiang ◽  
Marta J. Krysmann ◽  
Antonios Kelarakis ◽  
Petr Koutnik ◽  
Pavel Anzenbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Dependent Component ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Photoluminescence Mechanism ◽  
Time Resolved Photoluminescence ◽  
Absolute Quantum

ABSTRACTThe carbon dots were investigated to reveal their light-emitting mechanism. The fluorescence spectra of carbon dots show typically two different types of photoluminescence: the excitation-independent component in the short wavelength, and the excitation-dependent component in the longer wavelength. The UV-Vis spectrum of carbon dots shows the absorption maximum of 340 nm which should be accredited to the n-π* transition of the carbonyl group in carbon dots. Absolute quantum yields of carbon dots dispersed in Polyvinyl alcohol is around 15% when the excitation wavelength is less than 425 nm, but decreases continuously when the excitation wavelength increases. The decay lifetimes of the carbon dots also show an abrupt change at excitation wavelength 425 nm. Time resolved photoluminescence was implemented from 31K to 291K to study the photoluminescence decay dynamics of carbon dots, resulting in the continuously decreasing of the lifetime as the temperature increases.

scholarly journals A Novel Fluorescent Test Papers Based on Carbon Dots for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Cr (VI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhou Yang ◽  
Xuemei Chen ◽  
Yangyang Wang ◽  
Miao Wu ◽  
Yinan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Fluorescence Probes ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
Yellow Fluorescence ◽  
Lower Detection Limit ◽  
Lower Detection ◽  
One Step

In recent years, carbon dots (CDs) are promising fluorescence probes for ions detection. In this paper, the CDs which are with an average diameter of 5.5 nm were synthesized through a simple one-step hydrothermal carbonization of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) salt. The CDs have strong yellow photoluminescence (PL) with a maximum emission intensity at 550 nm under an excitation wavelength of 450 nm. As the electron transfer will occur between Cr (VI) and the CDs, yellow fluorescence was quenched after adding the Cr (VI) ions. The CDs probe allows the detection of Cr (VI) ions over a concentration range from 0 to 0.1 M (R2 = 0.987) and the lower detection limit is 10−5 M. Simultaneously, the CDs show highly selectivity and stability toward the detection of Cr (VI) ions.

Surfactant-Based Fluorescent Quantum Carbon Dots: Synthesis and Application

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Štěpánková ◽  
Ondřej Kozák ◽  
Radek Zbořil
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots

In this work I present fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) prepared by facile and inexpensive synthesis by hydrothermal carbonization from cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). These CDs show tunable photoluminescence as well as long-term colloidal stability. Moreover, CDs exhibit high selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+ions. Therefore a specific quantitative method is proposed for the determination of Fe3+ions based on fluorescence quenching of CDs.

scholarly journals Fluorescent N-doped carbon dots from bacterial cellulose for highly sensitive bacterial detection

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Shunli Li ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Yujie Zhang ◽  
Honglei Chen ◽  
Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Bacterial Detection ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Doped Carbon Dots

Carbon dots have good dispersion capability, strong visible fluorescence, low toxicity, and photo-induced accepting and donating abilities. Carbon dots were obtained from biomass bacterial cellulose (BC) via one-step hydrothermal carbonization. Effects of hydrothermal time and temperature on the microstructure, fluorescence, and excitation wavelength dependent photoluminescence (PL) behavior were explored for the prepared carbon dots. The results showed that the carbon dots obtained directly from the BC (C dots) had small particle sizes (2.0 to 3.0 nm) and green luminescence behavior. Conversely, the N-doped carbon dots (N-C dots) exhibited more uniform and smaller particle sizes (approximately 1.0 nm), strong blue luminescence, acceptable fluorescence lifetime, and good stability in a wide range of pH values (2.0 to 10.0). Thus, carbon dots could serve as a fluorescent material used in high performance optical cellular imaging and highly sensitive bacterial detection.

scholarly journals Spectrophotofluorometric Study of Amaranth with Fluorescent Carbon Dots and its Analytical Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 2015-2020
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Usha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots ◽  
Effect Time ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon

Hydrothermal carbonization of bottle gourd as the carbon source has been performed to synthesize fluorescent carbon dots . The carbon dots were formed in the form of yellow brown aqueous solution, soluble in water and stable towards light. Characterization of fluorescent carbon dots was done using TEM, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Spectrophotofluorometric method has been followed for the study of common food colorant Amaranth present in foodstuffs using fluorescent carbon dots. Conditions optimized during analysis were reaction pH, concentration of Amaranth, concentration of C-dots, thermal effect, time period, etc. Results showed that Amaranth could result in fluorescence quenching of carbon dots due to interaction of surface –COOH, –SO3H group with Amaranth dye. The present method offers good linear range of 0.20-25.0 μM with LOD 0.019 μM and highly selective and therefore, method have been applied successfully for the detection of Amaranth in foodstuffs.

scholarly journals Highly fluorescent carbon dots as an efficient nanoprobe for detection of clomifene citrate

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 6084-6093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Zhiyong Gao ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Genqing Yang ◽  
Jiuli Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon

Highly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized through facile hydrothermal carbonization and ethylenediamine passivation of an easily available prawn shell precursor.

scholarly journals Versatile Coffee Carbon Dots as Lead (ii) and Copper (ii) ion Fluorescence Detectors and Copper Corrosion Inhibitor

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Kalema Christopher ◽  
Zainal Alim Mas'ud ◽  
Novriyandi Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Blue Emission ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Ocean Optics ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
Quenching Effect ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots

A simple and green tandem hydrothermal and pyrolysis method was developed for the synthesis of blue fluorescence carbon dots from coffee green bean powder and urea as raw materials. The carbon dots were characterized by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and ocean optics spectrophotometer. The carbon dots had a bright blue emission centered at 505 nm under UV light with the excitation wavelength at 360 nm. The carbon dots also showed a quenching effect with lead (ii) ions and copper (ii) ions. Furthermore, a method for copper (ii) and lead (ii) ion detection in aqueous solution was developed with acceptable linearity of 97.26% and 99.41% respectively and selectivity to some common ions. The carbon dots also demonstrated the ability to act as copper corrosion inhibitors in 1% sodium chloride solution showing an inhibition efficiency of 77% at 1000 ppm. It is worth noting that the synthesized fluorescent carbon dots are eco-friendly and inexpensive. They could find application in chemical sensing and copper corrosion inhibition in salt environments.

scholarly journals Phosphorous-doped green-emission fluorescent carbon dots sensing for pH, lemon yellow and the antioxidant application

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoliang Hao ◽  
Shujuan Dai ◽  
Zhigang Fang ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Yingxue Teng
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Green Emission ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Lemon Yellow ◽  
Superoxide Anions ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots

    In this paper, we reported green-emission carbon dots (CDs) using a single step hydrothermal carbonization. The CDs were prepared by m-phenylenediamine, tris, phosphoric acid, and pure water by heating for 8 h at 180 ℃. The CDs exhibited green-emission fluorescence, were sensitive to pH, and was successfully used analysed the pH of real water samples. Besides, the CDs could detect of food additive lemon yellow, with the limit of detection as low as 0.13 μM. More importantly, the CDs could be used as an antioxidant to remove superoxide anions (O2-) and hydroxyl radicals (–OH). The linear range of CDs concentrations for superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals were 0 - 300 mg/mL and 0 - 14 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the CDs could be a fluorescnet reagent in bioimaging of beer yeast, mould and onion skins. The favorable pH, optical properties, antioxidant ability, and bioimaging ability ensure the CDs can be exploited in food analysis and other fields.

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots from Hutai-8 grape skin and their application in Hg2+ detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Shun-Sheng Zhao ◽  
JiaJia Wang ◽  
Xiang Rong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Mercury Ions ◽  
Grape Skin ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon

Background: In recent years, environmental pollution and heavy metal pollution caused by rapid urbanization and industrialization have become increasingly serious. Among them, mercury (II) ion (Hg2+) is one of the highly toxic heavy metal ions, and its pollution comes from various natural resources and human activities. Therefore, people attach great importance to the development of analytical methods for effective analysis and sensitive detection of Hg2+ . Objective: Using grape skin as a green and environmental friendly carbon source, to synthesize fluorescent carbon dots, and try to apply them to the detect the concentration of Hg2+ in water. Method: Using "Hutai No. 8" grape skin as carbon source, fluorescent carbon dots were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method. Structure and fluorescent properties of the carbon dots were tested using TEM, XPS, XRD and other characterization instruments, and their utilization on detection of mercury ions in the actual water samples was explored. Results: The CDs had a particle size of about 4.8 nm and a spherical shape. There are N-H, C-N, C=O and other functional groups on the surface. It was found that Hg2+ has obvious fluorescence quenching effect on CDs, and thus CDs fluorescence quenching method to detect the concentration Hg2+ was established, and the detection limit is 3.7 μM, which could be applied to test the concentration of Hg2+ in water samples. Conclusion: Using grape skin as carbon source, fluorescent carbon dots were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. Carbon dots were used to detect mercury ions in water, and a method for detecting mercury ions in actual water samples was established.

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