Behaviour of PMMA Resin Composites Incorporated with Nanoparticles or Fibre following Prolonged Water Storage

When PMMA denture base acrylics are exposed to oral environments for prolonged periods, the denture base absorbs water, which has a negative influence on the denture material and the degree to which the denture base will be clinically effective. This study assessed the water sorption, desorption, and hygroscopic expansion processes within PMMA denture-base resins reinforced with nanoparticles or fibre in comparison to the non-reinforced PMMA. The surfaces of the fillers were modified using a silane coupling agent (y-MPS) before mixing with PMMA. Group C consisted of specimens of pure PMMA whereas groups Z, T, and E consisted of PMMA specimens reinforced with ZrO2, TiO2 nanoparticles, or E-glass fibre, respectively. The reinforced groups were subdivided into four subgroups according to the percentage filler added to the PMMA resin by weight (1.5%, 3.0%, 5.0%, or 7.0%). Five specimens in disc shape (25 ± 1 mm × 2.0 ± 0.2 mm) were tested for each group. To assess water sorption and hygroscopic expansion, specimens from each group were individually immersed in water at 37 ± 1 °C for 180 days. The samples were then desorbed for 28 days at 37 ± 1 °C, to measure solubility. Water sorption and solubility were calculated using an electronic balance in accordance with ISO Standard 20795-1, and hygroscopic expansion was measured using a laser micrometre. Statistical analysis was undertaken at a p ≤ 0.05 significance level using a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc tests. The results demonstrated that the values of sorption (Wsp), mass sorption (Ms%), and % expansion within the tested groups reached equilibrium within 180 days. A noticeable difference was observed in groups Z and E for (Wsp)/(Ms%) compared to the Group C, but this was not significant. However, the difference between Group C and Group T for these measurements was significant. Non-significant differences also existed between each respective reinforced group and the control group in terms of hygroscopic expansion % values. During the 28-day desorption period, there were no differences in the values of solubility (Wsl)/mass desorption (Md%) between Group C and each of the reinforced tested groups. The findings indicate that the inclusion of ZrO2 nanoparticles or E-glass fibres does not increase the water solubility/sorption of the PMMA. However, modifying the PMMA with TiO2 did significantly increase the water sorption level.

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Water Sorption and Solubility of Vanillin-Incorporated Self-Curing Orthodontic Polymethylmethacrylate Resin

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1020.187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1020 ◽

pp. 187-191

Author(s):

Thongchai Poonpiriya ◽

Pornrachanee Sawaengkit ◽

Pornkiat Churnjitapirom ◽

Sroisiri Thaweboon

Keyword(s):

Water Sorption ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Sorption Property ◽

Control Group ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Significance Level ◽

Group Water ◽

Removable Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Pmma Resin

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin is one of the most commonly used materials for fabricating the base of removable orthodontic appliances. It is known that PMMA resin can promote the adhesion of microbes due to its surface porosity and from long-term use. Vanillin-incorporated PMMA resin has been reported to have antimicrobial effects against Candida albicans. However, the influence of vanillin incorporation on the water sorption and solubility of self-curing orthodontic PMMA resin has not been studied. Objective: To determine the water sorption and solubility of self-curing orthodontic PMMA resin incorporated with different concentrations of vanillin. Materials and methods: Three groups of self-curing orthodontic PMMA resin incorporated with 0.1% and 0.5% vanillin as well as PMMA without vanillin as a control were prepared with ten specimens per group. Water sorption and solubility tests were performed according to ISO 20795-2:2013 specifications. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests at a p<0.05 significance level were used to analyse the data. Results: All three groups met ISO standard requirements. The means of water sorption values showed insignificant differences among the three groups even though the value of the 0.5% vanillin group tended to decrease. Water solubility of the 0.1% vanillin-incorporated group was not significantly different when compared with the control group whereas that of the 0.5% vanillin-incorporated group exhibited a significant lower value when compared with both control and 0.1% vanillin-incorporated groups. This suggests that increasing concentrations of vanillin would decrease the water solubility of PMMA resin. Conclusion: The incorporation of 0.5% vanillin into self-curing orthodontic PMMA resin could significantly reduce its water solubility and showed a trend of less water sorption property. Even with different vanillin concentrations, the water sorption and water solubility properties of PMMA resin were within the ISO standards. Nevertheless, further studies are recommended to determine the amount of residual monomer present in different concentrations of vanillin-incorporated PMMA resin.

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Effects of Non-Silanized and Silanized Glass Particles on the Physical Properties on Denture Base Materials

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.96 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 493-494 ◽

pp. 96-101

Author(s):

O. Oral ◽

L.V.J. Lassila ◽

O. Kumbuloglu ◽

A. User ◽

P.K. Vallittu

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Water Sorption ◽

Base Material ◽

Control Group ◽

Group 14 ◽

Denture Base ◽

Base Materials ◽

Group 2 ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Group 1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of silanization of the glass on denture base materials and to evaluate different types of glasses. A total of 136 Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (Palapress – Heraeus Kulzer) blocks were prepared in dimensions of 65mm x 10mm x 3mm. PMMA blocks were modified by different ratios of non-silanized and silanized Bioactive Glass Granules (BAG) (Vivoxid) and Inert Glass Granules (IG) (Vivoxid). The blocks were polished under water cooling and divided into 17 groups. (Group 1) No glass (control), (Group 2-5) 3-6-9-12% non-silanized BAG, (Group 6-9) 3-6-9-12% silanized BAG, (Group 10-13) 3-6-9-12% non-silanized IG, (Group 14-17) 3-6-9-12% silanized IG. The specimens were stored in distilled water and weighed (Mettler, Toledo) in days of 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45, 60. After water sorption test, the specimens were dried under 80°C and weighed in days of 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 for calculating the solubility values. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc comparisons (Dunnett T3, p<0.05). Water sorption and solubility values were significantly affected by the type and silanizaion of the glass (p<0.05). The highest water sorption value was observed in 12% silanized IG group (1,83±0,04%), whereas the lowest sorption values were recorded with 12% non-silanized BAG group (1,21±0,07%). Contrarily, The highest solubility value was observed in 12% non-silanized BAG group (0,98±0,03%), whereas the lowest solubility values were recorded with 12% non-silanized BAG group (0,34±0,03%). Water sorption and solubility values were affected by the type and silanization of the glass. Silanization improved the physical properties of the glass as well as the properties of the denture base material.

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Flexural Strength and Hardness of Filler-Reinforced PMMA Targeted for Denture Base Application

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14102659 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2659

Author(s):

Abdulaziz Alhotan ◽

Julian Yates ◽

Saleh Zidan ◽

Julfikar Haider ◽

Nikolaos Silikas

Keyword(s):

Flexural Strength ◽

Glass Fibre ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Bending Test ◽

Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽

Filler Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Denture Base ◽

Three Point Bending ◽

Pmma Resin

The aim of this work was to evaluate the flexural strength and surface hardness of heat-cured Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) modified by the addition of ZrO2 nanoparticles, TiO2 nanoparticles, and E-glass fibre at different wt.% concentrations. Specimens were fabricated and separated into four groups (n = 10) to measure both flexural strength and surface hardness. Group C was the control group. The specimens in the remaining three groups differed according to the ratio of filler to weight of PMMA resin (1.5%, 3%, 5%, and 7%). A three-point bending test was performed to determine the flexural strength, while the surface hardness was measured using the Vickers hardness. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was employed to observe the fractured surface of the specimens. The flexural strength was significantly improved in the groups filled with 3 wt.% ZrO2 and 5 and 7 wt.% E-glass fibre in comparison to Group C. All the groups displayed a significantly higher surface hardness than Group C, with the exception of the 1.5% TiO2 and 1.5% ZrO2 groups. The optimal filler concentrations to enhance the flexural strength of PMMA resin were between 3–5% ZrO2, 1.5% TiO2, and 3–7% E-glass fibre. Furthermore, for all composites, a filler concentration of 3 wt.% and above would significantly improve hardness.

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Evaluation of the Transverse Strength of the Heat Cure PMMA Resin Reinforced with Various Concentrations of Two Different Nanoparticles: An In vitro Study

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2019/v29i830116 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Kusha Thakur ◽

Archana Nagpal ◽

Rajeev Gupta ◽

Ramit Verma ◽

Rohit Saini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Bending Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Transverse Strength ◽

Heat Cure ◽

Group 3 ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Pmma Resin

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of titanium dioxide and zirconia nanoparticles on transverse strength of heat cure PMMA resin routinely used for complete denture fabrication. Methods: One hundred samples of PMMA resin were made and divided into five groups (20 samples for each group). The test specimens were divided into five groups depending on the concentration of reinforcing nanoparticles as Group 1,2,3,4 and 5; Group 1: PMMA unreinforced (control group), Group 2: PMMA reinforced with 2.5% nanozirconia, Group 3: PMMA reinforced with 5% nanozirconia, Group 4: PMMA reinforced with 2.5% titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and Group 5: PMMA reinforced with 5% titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Universal testing machine was used to conduct a three-point bending test and evaluate the transverse strength of samples. Comparison of mean transverse strength for various groups was carried out by employing one‑way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Results: The highest and lowest mean transverse strength were observed in Group 3 and 1, respectively. Bonferroni post hoc test showed increase in transverse strength after reinforcement to be statistically significant between all the groups (P = .05) except between the samples of group G1 and G5 and G2 and G3. Conclusion: Addition of nanoparticles in all concentrations significantly increased transverse strength of heat cure PMMA resin as compared to control group. The best result was obtained after adding 5% of nanozirconia particles to the conventional heat polymerized acrylic resin.

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The Difference between the Effect of Green Tea Cream and Tocopherol on Decreasing Level of Tyrosinase Enzyme and Amount of Melanin in Rattus norvegicus Exposed to UVB Rays

Sains Medika ◽

10.30659/sainsmed.v11i1.4347 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Anwar Riyanto ◽

Taufiqurrachman Nasihun ◽

Titiek Sumarawati

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Topical Cream ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

The Difference ◽

Tyrosinase Enzyme ◽

Uvb Exposure ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Better Than

Introduction: Green tea and tocopherol are potent antioxidants used to treat melasma. However, whether green tea or tocopherol is superior remains unclear. Objective: To compare the effectiveness between green tea and tocopherol in decreasing the amount of melanin and tyrosinase level in wistar rats exposed to UVB rays.Methods: The experimental study took 30 male Wistar rats randomly and divided them into 3 groups. The control group (C-G) was given basic topical cream, GT-G was given green tea topical cream and TC-G was given tocopherol topical cream. All rats were exposed to UVB every Monday, Wednesday and Friday for 4 weeks, whereas topical creams were smeared every day. Topical creams smearing on the same day with UVB exposure was performed 20 minutes before exposure and 4 hours after UVB exposure. The doses of UVB were 50 mJ/cm2 in first week, 70mJ/cm2 in the second week and 80mJ/cm2 in the third and fourth weeks. The amount of melanin was measured using pixel method and the tyrosinase level was measured using ELISA.Results: Anova analysis indicates that the amount of melanin and tyrosinase level are significantly different between groups, p<0.05. Post Hoc LSD analysis indicates that the amount of melanin in GT-G and TC-G are significantly lower than that of C-G, p<0.05. The amount of melanin in GT-G is lower than that of TC-G, p<0.05. The tyrosinase level in GT-G is significantly lower than that of C-G and TC-G, p<0.05. Meanwhile, the tyrosinase level in TC-G is lower than that of C-G but insignificantly, p>0.05.� Conclusion: Green tea topical treatment is significantly capable of decreasing the amount of melanin and tyrosinase level better than tocopherol.

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The effect of Zirconium Dioxide nanoparticles concentrations as filler on heat cured acrylic resin denture base toward viability of fibroblast cells (in vitro study)

Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia ◽

10.22146/majkedgiind.44345 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Rudy S ◽

Titik Ismiyati ◽

Endang Wahyuningtyas

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Zirconium Dioxide ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽

Fibroblast Cells ◽

Denture Base ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc ◽

One Way Anova

Heat cured acrylic resin is the most commonly used denture base materials. Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles can be applied as additional filler to increase mechanical strength and to reduce the amount of residual monomer. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of ZrO2 nanoparticles concentrations as filler on heat cured acrylic resin denture base toward viability of fibroblast cells. Twenty four disc-shaped heat cured acrylic resin plate (diameter 5 mm; width 2 mm), were divided into 4 groups (n=6), they were consisted of group I control (acrylic resin), group II acrylic resin with 2.5% ZrO2, group III acrylic resin with 5% ZrO2, and group IV acrylic resin with 7.5% ZrO2. Cell viability was obtained using MTT assay and ELISA plate reader. The result is examined with one way ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc assessment. The result showed highest cell viability percentage on experimental group of 2.5% ZrO2 with value as high as 97.49%. One way ANOVA test and LSD post hoc test showed a significant difference between groups (p<0.05). The conclusion of this research is ZrO2 nanoparticles concentration utilized as filler on heat cured acrylic resin denture base is effect to viability of fibroblast cells, and ZrO2 nanoparticles 2.5% shows the highest viability of fibroblast cell compared to 5% and 7.5% ZrO2 nanoparticles concentrations

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Implementasi Implementasi Metode Bahtsul Masail Berbasis Pendidikan Pesantren untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Kemampuan Menganalisis Peserta Didik pada Pembelajaran Fisika di SMA

Radiasi : Jurnal Berkala Pendidikan Fisika ◽

10.37729/radiasi.v13i2.299 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 50-54

Author(s):

Sri Jumini ◽

Jauharotul Insiyyah ◽

Ahmad Khoiri

Keyword(s):

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Student Thinking ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Gain Score ◽

Significance Level ◽

Group Design ◽

Thinking Ability ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

The aims of this study to (1) determine the student ability of critical think and analyze, using the bahtsul masail method, (2) to find out the difference between the bahtsul masail method and the conventional method in physics learning. The method in this study using a true experimental quantitative method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The population used was all class XI students of SMA NU Al-Ma'ruf Kudus and samples were students of class XI MIPA 2 and MIPA 4 taken by random sampling techniques. The data collection used the pretest and posttest to determine the effect of the bahtsul masail method. The results shows (1) The student thinking ability using the Bahtsul Masail method get higher results. (2) Based on the results of data analysis using paired t-test, it is obtained tcount of -7.4828 and ttable of 1.67 with a significance level of 5% and degrees of freedom of 58 so that if t <ttable, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted; This means that there is a difference between the mean pretest and posttest scores, there is also a positive and significant relationship between the bahtsul masail model with students' critical thinking and analyzing abilities. The N-gain value is obtained by an average N-gain score of 0.5902 in the medium category. And for the N-gain score obtained an average of 59,023 which is categorized as quite effective. Thus the application of the bahtsul masail method is effective enough to be applied in a lesson.

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Dissolution capacity of orange and eucalyptus oils versus endodontic types of cement (in vitro study)

Mexican Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.29057/mjmr.v10i19.7217 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

Sebastián M. Ulloa-Alvarez ◽

María E. Guerrero-Coello ◽

José E. Torracchi-Carrasco

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Filling Material ◽

Cement Sample ◽

Orange Oil ◽

Eucalyptus Oil ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Post Hoc

Introduction: Endodontic retreatment seeks reentry to the root canal system to remove all filling material, identification and correction of pathological or iatrogenic defects. Objective: This study aimed to compare the dissolving capacity of eucalyptus oil, orange oil, and distilled water versus three types of endodontic cements. Materials and methods: Two hundred and four stainless steel molds were fabricated, where each cement sample was placed to the edge and left to set in the incubator, simulating normal oral conditions for 7 days. Subsequently, the solubility of each cement was analysed by immersing the samples in eucalyptus and orange oil for ten minutes in a static and ultrasonic environment. The solubility of the cement was evidenced by the difference between the weight before and after contact with the oils, data were statistically analysed with the ANOVA test and the post hoc Tukey bootstrap means test with 1,000 repetitions. Results: The control group and eucalyptus oil having no significant effect (p>0.05), the ultrasonic environment was found to be effective (p<0.05), whereas orange oil had better dissolution effects (p=0.004). Conclusions: The most susceptible cement was Sealapex, while the least soluble was MTA-Fillapex in all the solvents studied.

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The Difference of Impact Strength in Acrylic Resin Self-Cured with the Addition of Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2) Nanoparticles

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v12i1.167 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Widaningsih Widaningsih ◽

Annete Juwita ◽

Puguh Bayu Prabowo

Keyword(s):

Impact Strength ◽

Zirconium Dioxide ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Post Test ◽

The Difference ◽

The One ◽

The Impact

Background: Self-cured acrylic resin is a material used for repairing broken and fractured dentures. Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) is a reinforcing material that is being developed as an additive to the acrylic resin. Objective: to determine the effect of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) addition on self-cured acrylic resin on impact strength. Material and Methods: This study was a true experimental laboratory study with the design of a post-test only control group design, using 24 pieces of self-cured acrylic resin measuring 65 x 10 x 2.5 mm divided into 4 groups with and without zirconium addition dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles. Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles were silanized first by mixing the silane coupling agent. Furthermore, the impact strength was tested on the plate. The data obtained were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test. Results: there were significant differences in the impact strength between the groups with a significance value of 0,000 (p <0.05). Conclusion: there was a difference in the increase of impact strength in acrylic resin self-cured with the addition of ZrO2 nanoparticles concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 7%. Key words: Self cured acrylic resin, zirconium dioxide, impact strength Correspondence : Widaningsih, Department of Prosthodonti, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Sukolilo, Surabaya, Phone 0818312757, Email: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>

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