scholarly journals A Metabolomic Approach for the In Vivo Study of Gold Nanospheres and Nanostars after a Single-Dose Intravenous Administration to Wistar Rats

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enea ◽  
Araújo ◽  
Almeida ◽  
Soares ◽  
Gonçalves-Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gold Nanospheres ◽  
Gold Nanostars ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Metabolomic Approach

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising nanoplatforms for drug therapy, diagnostic and imaging. However, biological comparison studies for different types of AuNPs fail in consistency due to the lack of sensitive methods to detect subtle differences in the expression of toxicity. Therefore, innovative and sensitive approaches such as metabolomics are much needed to discriminate toxicity, specially at low doses. The current work aims to compare the in vivo toxicological effects of gold nanospheres versus gold nanostars (of similar ~40 nm diameter and coated with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid) 24 h after an intravenous administration of a single dose (1.33 × 1011 AuNPs/kg) to Wistar rats. The biodistribution of both types of AuNPs was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. The metabolic effects of the AuNPs on their main target organ, the liver, were analyzed using a GC-MS-based metabolomic approach. Conventional toxicological endpoints, including the levels of ATP and reduced and oxidized glutathione, were also investigated. The results show that AuNPs preferentially accumulate in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the spleen and lungs. In other organs (kidney, heart, brain), Au content was below the limit of quantification. Reduced glutathione levels increased for both nanospheres and nanostars in the liver, but ATP levels were unaltered. Multivariate analysis showed a good discrimination between the two types of AuNPs (sphere- versus star-shaped nanoparticles) and compared to control group. The metabolic pathways involved in the discrimination were associated with the metabolism of fatty acids, pyrimidine and purine, arachidonic acid, biotin, glycine and synthesis of amino acids. In conclusion, the biodistribution, toxicological, and metabolic profiles of gold nanospheres and gold nanostars were described. Metabolomics proved to be a very useful tool for the comparative study of different types of AuNPs and raised awareness about the pathways associated to their distinct biological effects.

scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAGING LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe Vera) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN ULSERASI MUKOSA MULUT PADA MALE WISTAR RATS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Laila Fitrotuz Zahroh ◽  
Rahmawati Sri Praptiningsih ◽  
Moh. Baehaqi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Oral mucosa ulceration which often occurs usually in the form of white-yellowish spot with concave surface, reddish edge and pain. Based on previous research, Aloe vera process anti-inflammation substance that could help quickening ulceration healing process. This research aims to know the effect of Aloe vera flesh extract on Male wistar rats oral mucosa ulceration in-vivo. Method: this research was quasi experimental research with the post-test only control group design using Male wistar rats as the testing animal. In the research, there were three treatment groups: The first groups which was given aquadest treatment, second groups with Aloe vera flesh extract, and third groups which was given chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% treatment. The data collecting was based on histopathology observation concerning the increase of fibroblast quantity. Result: The research result based on comparison test among the three groups with One Way Anova showed that on Day 3th, the average quantity of fibroblast didn't have significant difference between the treatment group and control group positive that was p>0,05, meanwhile on Day 7th every group showed significant difference p<0,05. Conclusion: It concluded that Aloe vera flesh extract has influence on the healing of Male wistar rats oral mucosa ulceration as shown by fibroblast increasing quantity.

scholarly journals Influence of fullerenol C60(OH)24 on enzime status in serum of rats after single dose administration of doxorubicine

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Govedarica ◽  
Vukosava Djordjevic-Milic ◽  
Natasa Radic ◽  
Branislava Srdjenovic ◽  
Aleksandar Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

The antracycline antibiotics have one of the widest areas of use in oncology. The most investigated mechanisms of their antineoplastic activity include: interactions of these antibiotics with DNA, inhibition of topoisomerase II and production of free radicals. However, the side effects of doxorubicin, especially cardiotoxicity, are the limiting factor of its use in cancer therapy. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of fullerenol ?60(?H)24 as a cytoprotector in single doze administration of doxorubicin on the activity of enzymes in serum (CK, AST, ALT, LDH and a-HBDH) in rats in in vivo system. Activity of enzymes (CK, LDH, HBDH, AST, and ALT) in serume was measured with standard commercial methods. The results of analysis of the samples treated with the combination of fullerenol and doxorubicin show no difference in enzyme activity in comparison with the control group. The results indicate the possibility of using fullerenol as a protector in the therapy with doxorubicin in malign neoplasm.

scholarly journals Postorthodontic Relapse Prevention by Administration of Grape Seed (Vitis vinifera) Extract Containing Cyanidine in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananto Ali Alhasyimi ◽  
Niswati Fathmah Rosyida ◽  
Mufliha Santi Rihadini
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Grape Seed Extract ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of grape seed extract containing cyanidin on osteoclastogenesis (by means of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand [RANKL] and osteoprotegerin [OPG] levels) and the number of osteoclasts during orthodontic relapse in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods This study is an in vivo quasi experimental research. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were used in the study, which were randomly split equally into two groups, grape seed (GS) and control group (CG). All rats were given an orthodontic force of 35 cN using a stainless steel 3-spin coil spring that was activated for 7 days and then conditioned to be passive. During this phase, the GS group was administered grape seed extract containing cyanidin once per day. Orthodontic appliances were removed from both groups afterward, and then the alveolar bone tissue was isolated consecutively according to observation days (days 1, 3, 7, and 14), while OPG and RANKL levels were analyzed in their gingival crevicular fluid using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tissues were then stained with hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and observed under a light microscope to count the number of osteoclast cells. Data were analyzed statistically using an independent t-test (p < 0.05). Results The number of osteoclasts in the GS group was significantly lower than that in the CG group on all experiment days (p = 0.021; p = 0.001; p = 0.024; p = 0.001; p < 0.05). ELISA results showed that the RANKL level of the GS group was significantly lower on days 3 and 7 (p = 0.025; p = 0.039; p < 0.05), while the OPG level was significantly higher on days 1 and 3 in the GS group than in the CG group (p = 0.039; p = 0.021; p < 0.05). Conclusion Grape seed extract can prevent postorthodontic relapse movement by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and reducing the number of osteoclasts in Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Aconite and Ignatia as an anxiolytic- In vivo study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1484-1489
Author(s):  
Nandini Prashanth Bhat ◽  
Sairoz ◽  
Divya C ◽  
Ashwija Shetty ◽  
Lydia Quadros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
General Population ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Stress ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Complementary Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Assessment

Anxiety disorders are the most common form of psychiatric disorders and start at an early age. The homeopathic system of complementary treatment is increasingly used by the general population. Ultra-diluted Aconite and Ignatia are homeopathic medicines used by clinicians for the treatment of anxiety. The objective of this study is to test the efficacy of Aconite 12CH and Ignatia 12CH on experimental anxiety models of Wistar rats subjected to chronic unpredictable stress. 30 Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of Control, Stress, Vehicle, Aconite and Ignatia group with 6 animals in each group. All the groups were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress except the control group. The last two groups were fed Aconite and Ignatia through oral gavage daily for 5 weeks. Following this, a behavioral and biochemical assessment was done. It was observed that the Aconite and Ignatia treated animals showed better weight gain, but the behavioral and biochemical assessment did not show any significant change. Hence it was inferred that ultra-diluted Aconite and Ignatia though an anxiolytic used clinically, did not decrease anxiety in Wistar rats which were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress. 

scholarly journals A Histopathological Study of Cisplatin-induced Acute Vascular Injuries in Vital Organs and Protective Effect of Achillea millefolium

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Zahra Eslamifar ◽  
Susan Sabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Vascular Injuries ◽  
Group I

The aim was to study the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Achillea millefolium on acute vascular injuries induced by cisplatin in liver, heart and renal tissues 24 hour after administration and using histopathological surveys in wistar rats. 24 adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I (control group) received physiological saline for 10 days. Animals of group II had single dose of injection of CP (cisplatin) (6 mg/kg, IP) on the ninth day. Group III received Achillea millefolium extract (250 mg/kg, gavage) for 10 consecutive days. Group IV had both Achillea millefolium extract (250 mg/kg, gavage) for 10 consecutive days and a single dose of injection of CP (6 mg/kg, IP) on the ninth day. Kidney, liver and heart organs were collected on 10th day from sacrificed rats and subjected to histopathological analysis. Then the possible histopathological vascular effects of cisplatin on liver, heart, kidney tissues and the protective effect of Achillea millefolium extract was analysed. Obtained data showed the vascular injuries in CP group as congestion of cardiac capillaries (p=0.00) and interstitial edema (p=0.03). In the kidney, shrinkage of glomeruli (p=0.04), widening of Bowman's space (p=0.04), dilatation of cortical capillaries (p=0.01) were significantly altered. The findings of liver organ were increased sinusoidal space (p=0.00) and infiltration of neutrophils in portal space (p=0.01). Pretreatment with ethanolic extract of Achillea millefolium could attenuate these vascular injuries. Briefly, 24 hour after single injection of cisplatin the inflammatory process was seen in vital organs and administration of Achillea millefolium could mitigate these side effects.

scholarly journals Influence of age and ways of treatment in the parasitemia in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi treated with high potency biotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Denise Lessa Aleixo ◽  
Paula Fernanda Massini ◽  
Caroline Felicio Braga ◽  
Neide Martins Moreira ◽  
Camila Fernanda Brustolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
Old Mice

Introduction: The infection of mice by Trypanosoma cruzi is well known, making this a good model for understanding the effect of highly diluted medications. Mice of different ages show different responses to biotherapic T. cruzi [1]. Other data from our laboratory using biotherapic treatment at low potencies show that long lasting treatment has a better effect in mice infected with T. cruzi. However, the use of high potency biotherapics in mice of different ages infected with T. cruzi has not been analysed yet. Aim: To evaluate the effect of different ways of treatment using biotherapic 200 DH T. cruzi in the evolution of the curve of parasitemia of mice of different ages infected with T. cruzi. Materials and methods: A blind randomized controlled trial was performed using 107 swiss male mice, aged 28, 35 and 56 days, divided into groups: CONTROL(C) – mice aged 28(C28), 38(C38) and 56(C56) days, treated with 7% water-alcohol solution diluted with water (1mL/100mL); ONE DAY(OD) – mice aged 28(OD28), 38(OD38) and 56(OD56) days, treated with highly diluted medication 200 DH T. cruzi in a single dose, diluted in water (10mL/100mL); EVERY DAY(ED) – mice aged 28(ED28), 38(ED38) and 56(ED56) days, treated with highly diluted medication 200DH T.cruzi until the end of the experiment, diluted in water(1mL/100mL). Amber bottle was used and the water was changed every two days. The groups were infected with strain Y-T. cruzi, intraperitoneal,1400 blood trypomastigotes. Medicines were handled according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia [2], with microbiological testing according to RDC n° 67 and in vivo biological risk. We compared the parasitemia curve and total parasitemia, determined daily counting of the parasites [3], obtained using the tests Kruskal-Wallis and Wald-Wolfowitz, Statistica 8.0, 5% significance. Approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation/ UEM - 030/2008. Results: The animal age and the ways of treatment used influenced the evolution of the parasitemia curve. This evolution was different among different ages, and the youngest mice of the control group had higher averages of parasitemia ( C28=1.4x106/mL; C38= 1.3 x106/mL and C56=1.0x106/mL ) (fig1). This evolution was not observed in the groups treated daily, in which 56 day-old mice presented a higher parasitemia compared to the other groups ( ED28= 1.3x106/mL; ED38=0.9x106/mL and ED56=1.2x106/mL )(fig1b). For animals treated with a single dose, the energetic stimulus provided by biotherapic caused homogeneity of biological behavior, with significant elevation of parasitemia ( OD28=1.8x106/mL; OD38=1.3x106/mL and OD56=1.5 x106/mL) (fig1c). Likewise, the single dose treatment invariably resulted in an increase of parasitemia when compared to other treatments within the same age group (fig1d-f). The treatment performed daily in animals aged 28 and 38 days showed a decrease in parasitemia (fig1d-f). For 56 day-old mice this fall was not observed (fig1f). The meaning of this finding should be better explored considering the physiological maturity versus the vital energy of mice of different ages. Conclusion: The age and the ways of treatment used are important factors to be considered when using a highly diluted medication. The clinical use of these results in humans, should take into consideration the allometric system of medication dosage which takes into account the metabolic rate of each organism.

scholarly journals Effect of Bifidobacterium Probiotic in the Treatment of Giardiasis Infection in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 0849
Author(s):  
Israa Mohammad Abd AL-Khaliq
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Daily Application ◽  
Probiotic Activity ◽  
Giardia Cysts

Metronidazole therapy is recommended in the treatment of giardiasis,athough some clinical reports mention the resistance to this drug from many pathogens. Many studies were applied to show the effect of probiotic to prevent or to heal diseases of gastrointestine, but only few is known about probiotic activity against infections of protozoa. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of Bifidobacterium against infection with Giardia lamblia   in experimental mice. It was found that daily application of viable Bifidobacterium cells with a single dose (0.1ml∕mice∕day) significantly reduced the shedding of Giardia lamblia parasite cysts in feces, and infection completely disappeared at the day (15th) post inoculation with this probiotic.  Also, it was noticed that Giardia cysts were reduced in the group treated with metronidazole, and infection cured at day (17th) from treatment, while the control group showed shedding cysts of this parasite. Histopathologically, the effect of Bifidobacterium in vivo by gut cells modulation prevents the colonization of Giardia, leading to reduce the infection with this parasite.

scholarly journals Effects of dimethylsulfoxide and pentoxifylline in the vitality of cutaneous flaps in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Luzia da Costa Pedretti ◽  
Cícero de Lima Rena ◽  
Maria Christina Marques Nogueira Castãnon ◽  
Ana Paula do Nascimento Duque ◽  
Fernando Henrique Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Flaps ◽  
Cutaneous Flap

ABSTRACT Objectives: to verify the influence of dimethylsulfoxide and pentoxifylline on the vitality of cutaneous flaps in rats and the tissue repair process. Methods: were studied 30 Wistar rats, submitting them to a 2cm wide by 8cm long dorsal cutaneous flap, of caudal base. We distributed the animals in three groups: Control Group (n=10) with application gauze moistened with 0.9% Saline in the flap bed for 30 seconds; Dimethylsulfoxide group (n=10), with administration of 1ml of 5% dimethylsulfoxide divided into five injections of 0.2ml in the transition of the flap segments; Pentoxifylline group (n=10), with administration of pentoxifylline 20mg/kg, diluted to 1ml and divided into five injections of 0.2ml in the transition of the flap segments. Drugs were administered intraoperatively, in a single dose and subcutaneously. We observed the skin flaps for changes in color and texture. On the 10th postoperative day, we checked the dimensions of viable and necrotic tissues, followed by excision of the specimen for histological analysis. Results: the measurements of length of the viable and necrotic tissues between groups showed no differences. Histological analysis showed that the Dimethylsulfoxide group presented neovascularization, inflammatory infiltrate with leukocytes and more structured conjunctival stroma. The Pentoxifylline group showed neovascularization and inflammatory infiltrate, with moderate to intense granulation. The control group evolved with a higher rate of necrosis in the distal segment. Conclusion: dimethylsulfoxide and pentoxifylline influenced the vitality of the flap and the tissue repair process. However, they did not prevent necrosis macroscopically.

scholarly journals Distribution of selenium in sheep treated with dipheny diselenide

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1022
Author(s):  
M.L.R. Leal ◽  
J.B.T. Rocha ◽  
C.L.D. Corte ◽  
A.R. Aires ◽  
J.F.X. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diphenyl Diselenide ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to report the in vivo distribution of selenium in sheep. For this, animals were allocated into two groups (control group and treated group) and kept in metabolic cages for a period of 37 days. The treated group received a single dose (6µmol/kg) of Diphenyl Diselenide, intravenously. Plasma and erythrocytes samples were collected at different times. Adipose tissue, muscles (latissimusdorsi, semitendinosus, and supra-scapular) heart, liver, lung, kidney, intestine and brain were sampled at 30 days post-treatment, in order to determine the selenium concentration. The results demonstrated that the selenium, from the Diphenyl Diselenide group, was higher in erythrocytes (4.8mg/L, six hours post-treatment) when compared with the control sheep. The deposition of selenium occurred in the liver (7.01µg/g), brain (3.53µg/g) and kidney (2.02µg/g). After 30 days of a single intravenous injection of Diphenyl Diselenide, liver was the main organ of selenium deposition.

scholarly journals The Effect of Single-Dose Ougan Juice Application on the Pharmacokinetics of Erlotinib

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jin-zhao Yang ◽  
Yi Song ◽  
Jian-hua Xiong ◽  
Yu-xian Lin ◽  
Congcong Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
The Difference

The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of single-dose Ougan (Citrus reticulata cv. Suavissima) juice application on the pharmacokinetics of erlotinib in vivo. Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the Ougan juice and control groups ( n = 6 each). The rats were given a single dose of 1 mL/100 g Ougan juice or 1 mL/100 g normal saline (NS) by intragastric administration, followed by a single oral administration of 20 mg/kg erlotinib. The plasma concentration of erlotinib in rats was determined using ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Erlotinib-d6 was used as the internal standard for chromatographic analysis on the UPLC BEH C18 analysis column ( 2.1   mm × 50   mm , 1.7 μm). The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid eluting by gradient. Different pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of erlotinib were calculated. The Ougan juice promoted the absorption of erlotinib and reduced the clearance of the drug. The area under the curve of erlotinib in the single-dose Ougan juice pretreatment group was approximately 1.87 times higher, and the maximum blood concentration (Cmax) was approximately 1.34 times higher than that in the control group. The mean residence time of erlotinib in the Ougan juice group was larger, and the clearance rate was smaller than those in the control group; the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Ougan juice affected the PK spectrum of erlotinib in rats by improving the bioavailability of the drug and significantly increasing its plasma concentration.

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