scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Tocotrienols and Bran in High-Fat Diet-Treated Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Fukui ◽  
Masashi Shirai ◽  
Takeyuki Ninuma ◽  
Yugo Kato
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Oxidative Brain Injury ◽  
The Relationship

Obesity is a serious public health issue in developed countries, and is known to increase the risk of several diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular events and arteriosclerosis. These phenomena are closely correlated with oxidative damage. Recently, several lines of evidence have demonstrated that neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s are also related to oxidative damage. To clarify the relationship between obesity and oxidative brain injury, we investigated brain antioxidant networks in high-fat (HF) diet-treated mice in the presence or absence of tocotrienols (T3s) and bran. Co-treatment with T3s and bran significantly inhibited bodyweight gain in HF diet-treated mice. Serum and cortex T3 levels, and brain antioxidant enzyme activities and protein expressions did not differ among the groups except for SOD protein expression in the cerebellum. Brain p-mTOR and p-Akt protein expressions, which are related to autophagy, did not differ among the groups. These results indicate that treatment with T3s for eight weeks had showed an anti-obesity effect in HF diet-treated mice. However, significant alterations in T3 levels were not observed in the serum and brain of mice.

scholarly journals Regulatory Efficacy of Spirulina platensis Protease Hydrolyzate on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Hua ◽  
Zhiying Yu ◽  
Yu Xiong ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Lina Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
High Fat

Lipid metabolism disorder (LMD) is a public health issue. Spirulina platensis is a widely used natural weight-reducing agent and Spirulina platensis is a kind of protein source. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Spirulina platensis protease hydrolyzate (SPPH) on the lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Our study showed that SPPH decreased the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST), but increased the level of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in serum and liver. Moreover, SPPH had a hypolipidemic effect as indicated by the down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), SREBP-1c, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and the up-regulation of adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα (PPARα) at the mRNA level in liver. SPPH treatment enriched the abundance of beneficial bacteria. In conclusion, our study showed that SPPH might be produce glucose metabolic benefits in rats with diet-induced LMD. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of SPPH on the metabolism remain to be further investigated. Collectively, the above-mentioned findings illustrate that Spirulina platensis peptides have the potential to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders, and our data provides evidence that SPPH might be used as an adjuvant therapy and functional food in obese and diabetic individuals.

Dietary supplementation of grape seed and skin flour mitigates brain oxidative damage induced by a high-fat diet in rat: Gender dependency

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Charradi ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoudi ◽  
Takwa Bedhiafi ◽  
Safwen Kadri ◽  
Salem Elkahoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
High Fat

Abstract 451: Bone Marrow-derived Matricellular Protein CCN3 is Protective Against Atherosclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Xingjian Hu ◽  
Hong Shi ◽  
Wenconghui Wu ◽  
Yulan Qing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foam Cell Formation ◽  
Matricellular Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Double Knockout

Background: Atherosclerosis and its complications (myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral vascular disease) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Despite considerable efforts, the underlying pathomechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the role of a matricellular protein termed CCN3 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: To investigate whether CCN3 deficiency affects the development of atherosclerosis, control (ApoE-/-) and CCN3/ApoE double knockout mice were subjected to high fat diet feeding. In response to 16-week high fat diet feeding, the aortas of CCN3/ApoE double knockout (DKO) mice demonstrated exquisite susceptibility to atherosclerosis formation as evidenced by significantly increased size of aortic lipid-rich plaques in aortic roots, arch, thoracic and abdominal aorta. Concomitant with this, the atherosclerosis phenotype of DKO mice was manifested as follows: (1) a profoundly enhanced immune cell infiltration; (2) significantly increased expression of inflammatory markers; (3) heightened reactive oxygen species generation. Next, to address the cellular contributor(s) within or outside of the vessel wall responsible for the atherosclerosis phenotype, we performed reciprocal bone marrow transplantation (BMT) experiments. Transplantation of DKO bone marrow to ApoE-/- mice resulted in an increase of atherosclerosis formation, while transplantation of ApoE-/- marrow to DKO mice caused a reduction of atherosclerosis. These results indicate CCN3 deficiency in the bone marrow plays a major role in the development of atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, our cell-based studies in isolated macrophages demonstrated that CCN3 deficiency leads to an increase of lipid uptake and foam cell formation, an effect attributed to the modulation of key factors (e.g., increase of CD36, decrease of ABCG1) involved in lipoprotein transport. Conclusion: These results demonstrate bone marrow-derived CCN3 as an essential regulator of atherosclerosis and suggest the potential for future therapeutic strategies by manipulating CCN3 levels.

scholarly journals Effect of Supplementation with Hydroethanolic Extract of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Berg.) Leaves and Two Isolated Substances from the Extract on Metabolic Parameters of Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Maiara Lopes Cardozo ◽  
Aline Carla Inada ◽  
Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso ◽  
Wander Fernando de Oliveira Filiú ◽  
Bernardo Barcelar de Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
American Institute ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract ◽  
Lipid Parameters

There are still controversies regarding the correlation between the beneficial effects for health and the administration of isolated compounds or crude extracts in therapeutic applications. Campomanesia xanthocarpa, found in the Brazilian Cerrado, demonstrated beneficial effects in metabolic disorders associated with obesity. We investigated the effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa hydroethanolic extract and two isolated substances from the extract (S1 and S2) in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model. Male Swiss mice were divided into five groups: (1) American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93M) diet, (2) high-fat diet (HF), (3) HF supplemented with C. xanthocarpa hydroethanolic leaf extract at 100 mg/kg (HFE), (4) HF supplemented with S1 at 1 mg/kg (HFS1) and (5) HF supplemented with S2 at 1 mg/kg (HFS2). The HFS1, HFS2 and HFE groups did not present decreasing body weight or visceral adiposity gain. No differences in glycemic and lipid parameters, or in the expression of protein content in two cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10), were observed. Only the HFS1 group displayed decreased food intake. Even though substantial effects such as an improvement in obesity features or the metabolic and histological parameters promoted by S1, S2 and the extract were not observed, further investigations are necessary to evaluate the principal genes and protein expressions involved in regulating food behavior promoted by S1.

scholarly journals Strawberry Intake Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Decreases GABA Levels Induced by High-Fat Diet in Frontal Cortex of Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuauhtémoc Sandoval-Salazar ◽  
Cecilia Oviedo-Solís ◽  
Edmundo Lozoya-Gloria ◽  
Herlinda Aguilar-Zavala ◽  
Martha Solís-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gaba Concentration ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Lipid And Protein Oxidation

It has been proposed that there is a correlation between high-fat diet (HFD), oxidative stress and decreased γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, but this has not been thoroughly demonstrated. In the present study, we determined the effects of strawberry extract intake on the oxidative stress and GABA levels in the frontal cortex (FC) of obese rats. We observed that an HFD increased lipid and protein oxidation, and decreased GABA levels. Moreover, UV-irradiated strawberry extract (UViSE) decreased lipid peroxidation but not protein oxidation, whereas non-irradiated strawberry extract (NSE) reduced protein oxidation but not lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, NSE increased GABA concentration, whereas UViSE was not as effective. In conclusion, our results suggest that an HFD increases oxidative damage in the FC, whereas strawberry extract intake may ameliorate the disturbances associated with HFD-induced oxidative damage.

scholarly journals Loss of Sirt6 in adipocytes impairs the ability of adipose tissue to adapt to intermittent fasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1298-1306
Author(s):  
Dandan Wu ◽  
In Hyuk Bang ◽  
Byung-Hyun Park ◽  
Eun Ju Bae
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tissue Browning

AbstractIntermittent fasting (IF) is gaining popularity for its effectiveness in improving overall health, including its effectiveness in achieving weight loss and euglycemia. The molecular mechanisms of IF, however, are not well understood. This study investigated the relationship between adipocyte sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) and the metabolic benefits of IF. Adipocyte-specific Sirt6-knockout (aS6KO) mice and wild-type littermates were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) ad libitum for four weeks and then subjected to 12 weeks on a 2:1 IF regimen consisting of two days of feeding followed by one day of fasting. Compared with wild-type mice, aS6KO mice subjected to HFD + IF exhibited a diminished response, as reflected by their glucose and insulin intolerance, reduced energy expenditure and adipose tissue browning, and increased inflammation of white adipose tissue. Sirt6 deficiency in hepatocytes or in myeloid cells did not impair adaptation to IF. Finally, the results indicated that the impaired adipose tissue browning and reduced expression of UCP1 in aS6KO mice were accompanied by downregulation of p38 MAPK/ATF2 signaling. Our findings indicate that Sirt6 in adipocytes is critical to obtaining the improved glucose metabolism and metabolic profiles conferred by IF and that maintaining high levels of Sirt6 in adipocytes may mimic the health benefits of IF.

scholarly journals High-Fat Diet Changes Fungal Microbiomes and Interkingdom Relationships in the Murine Gut

mSphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Heisel ◽  
Emmanuel Montassier ◽  
Abigail Johnson ◽  
Gabriel Al-Ghalith ◽  
Yi-Wei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome

ABSTRACT Recent research shows that gut microbes are involved in the development of obesity, a growing health problem in developed countries that is linked to increased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, studies showing links between microbes and metabolism have been limited to the analysis of bacteria and have ignored the potential contribution of fungi in metabolic health. This study provides evidence that ingestion of a high-fat diet is associated with changes to the fungal (and bacterial) microbiome in a mouse model. In addition, we find that interkingdom structural and functional relationships exist between fungi and bacteria within the gut and that these are perturbed by high-fat diet. Dietary fat intake and shifts in gut bacterial community composition are associated with the development of obesity. To date, characterization of microbiota in lean versus obese subjects has been dominated by studies of gut bacteria. Fungi, recently shown to affect gut inflammation, have received little study for their role in obesity. We sought to determine the effects of high-fat diet on fungal and bacterial community structures in a mouse model using the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) of fungal ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the 16S rRNA genes of bacteria. Mice fed a high-fat diet had significantly different abundances of 19 bacterial and 6 fungal taxa than did mice fed standard chow, with high-fat diet causing similar magnitudes of change in overall fungal and bacterial microbiome structures. We observed strong and complex diet-specific coabundance relationships between intra- and interkingdom microbial pairs and dramatic reductions in the number of coabundance correlations in mice fed a high-fat diet compared to those fed standard chow. Furthermore, predicted microbiome functional modules related to metabolism were significantly less abundant in high-fat-diet-fed than in standard-chow-fed mice. These results suggest a role for fungi and interkingdom interactions in the association between gut microbiomes and obesity. IMPORTANCE Recent research shows that gut microbes are involved in the development of obesity, a growing health problem in developed countries that is linked to increased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, studies showing links between microbes and metabolism have been limited to the analysis of bacteria and have ignored the potential contribution of fungi in metabolic health. This study provides evidence that ingestion of a high-fat diet is associated with changes to the fungal (and bacterial) microbiome in a mouse model. In addition, we find that interkingdom structural and functional relationships exist between fungi and bacteria within the gut and that these are perturbed by high-fat diet.

Metabolic changes in hyperlipidemic rats after administration of Xuezhikang

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Su ◽  
Bingbao Chen ◽  
Xiaoting Tu ◽  
Luxin Ye ◽  
Xiaojie Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Xuezhikang capsule, which contains cholesterol synthase inhibitors and a large number of natural statins, is put in the clinical application of lipid-lowering and so on. However, the specific use of dose, lipid-lowering effect and the relationship between metabolites are to be further studied. Introduction: Metabonomics is the study of the relationship between the change of quantity and physiological changes from metabolites. At present metabolomics has been widely used in drug development and testing. In this study, we developed a metabolomic method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to find out hyperlipemia-related substances, and study the lipid-lowering mechanism of Xuezhikang. Method: Fifty SD rats (220 ± 20 g) were given high-fat diet. After four-weeks modeling, they were randomly divided into semi-control group, high fat group, simvastatin intervention group and Xuezhikang intervention group (0.23, 0.69, 1.15 mg/kg, low, medium, high), each dosage in eight rats. The control group (rest eight rats) were given normal diet, and no specific treatment. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. Result: The biochemical and body weight indexes of the normal control group and the high fat group were significantly different (P <0.05), which indicated that the model of hyperlipidemia was established success. There was significant difference (P <0.05) between Xuezhikang intervention group and high fat control group (P <0.05), and hyperlipemia metabolomics related markers, oxalic acid, butyric acid, mannitol, glucose, glucuronic acid were found. Glucuronic acid and non-binding bilirubin combined with bilirubin, combined with some of the liver harmful substances, play a detoxification effect. Conclusion: The results of metabonomics showed that the high fat group and the control group were significant difference. Mannose, glucose content is relatively stable, lipid metabolism in high-fat group stearic acid, palmitic acid levels decreased, suggesting that high-fat diet disorders rat body lipid metabolism. It is worth mentioning that the experimental evaluation of rats such as biochemical indicators and pathological results are prompted to model success, Xuezhikang intervention effect is more significant, consistent with the expected.

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