scholarly journals Short-Term Betanin Intake Reduces Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1978
Author(s):  
Davi Vieira Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Aline D’Avila Pereira ◽  
Gilson Teles Boaventura ◽  
Roberto Stefan de Almeida Ribeiro ◽  
Maurício Afonso Verícimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Aspartate Transaminase ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Short Term

Oxidative stress is a common condition described in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Betanin, a bioactive pigment from red beetroot demonstrates anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term intake of betanin against oxidative stress in a rodent model, a common condition described in several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Oxidative stress was induced in Wistar rats by a hyperlipidemic diet for 60 days, followed by betanin administration (20 mg·kg−1) through oral gavage for 20 days. Plasma biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated. Lipid peroxidation and histopathological changes were determined in the liver. The hyperlipidemic diet caused hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and increases in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels. Oxidative stress status was confirmed by reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities, increased lipid peroxidation, and liver damage. Purified betanin regulated glucose levels, insulin, and insulin resistance. Hepatic damage was reversed as evidenced by the reduction in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels and confirmed by histological analyses. Betanin reduced hepatic malondialdehyde and increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Short-term betanin intake modulated biochemical parameters, reversed hepatic tissue damage, and attenuated oxidative stress in Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Liver morphology and morphometry and plasma biochemical parameters of Wistar rats that received leaf infusion of Rudgea viburnoides Benth. (Rubiaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Castro Monteiro ◽  
Sérgio Luis Pinto da Matta ◽  
Fabrícia de Souza Predes ◽  
Tânia Toledo de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Aspartate Transaminase ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Liver Morphology ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry

Rudgea viburnoides leaves are widely used in popular Brazilian medicine as a diuretic, antirheumatic, hypotensive and blood depurative tea. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of this infusion on the liver and on the plasma biochemical parameters of Wistar rats. Two groups received the R. viburnoides leaf infusion at a daily dose of 10 or 20g dry-leaves/L water, during 40 days. The histopathological analysis did not show degenerated areas or infiltration of leucocytes. Hepatic morphometry showed accumulation of fat in the hepatocytes of the treated groups. There was no significant change in the plasma levels of urea, creatinin, uric acid, direct bilirubin, cholesterol, total proteins, albumin, gamma glutamyl tranferase (gamma-GT), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), chlorine, phosphate and calcium. A significant reduction in the plasma levels of triacylglycerol (TAG) occurred in the group that received the higher dose.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS INDUCTION AND OF MODERATE PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE HEPATIC METABOLISM AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (39) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Denise Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Júlia Matzenbacher dos Santos ◽  
Kayorrany Gomes Galvão do Prado ◽  
Andreia Vitor Couto Amaral ◽  
Sandra Aparecida Benite-Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Aspartate Transaminase

AIMS: The aim of the study was to verify if the induction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) by the association of streptozotocin and high fat diet causes hepatic alterations and if physical exercise can improve these alterations.  METHODS: Forty-six Wistar rats were divided into two groups. One group received a diet containing 60% of fat for 9 weeks and on the 14th day they were injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (25mg/kg). The other group, named control group, received a standard diet and a single dose of citrate buffer was given. Animals were them divided into two subgroups: one sedentary (S) and the other submitted to physical exercise (PE), totalizing four groups: C-S; C-PE; HF-S; HF-PE. After euthanasia blood and liver were collected. Plasma and hepatic concentrations of triacylglycerol and very low density lipoprotein; enzyme alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and arginase; urea, lactate and 8-isoprostane (an oxidative stress marker) were dosed. RESULTS: Capillary glucose was significantly higher in HF-S and HF-PE group animals compared to C-S and C-PE groups. There were no significant differences in alanine transaminase, arginase, oxidative stress and lactate concentration among the groups. Plasma urea concentration and hepatic aspartate transaminase concentration was lower in HF-S and HF-PE than in C-PE. Concerning liver triacylglycerol and very low density lipoproteins, both were higher in the HF-PE group when compared to the C-S. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that diet was decisive for the aforementioned parameters alterations and that physical exercise protocol was not efficient to improve analyzed parameters.

scholarly journals The Interactive Effect of High Doses of Chromium(III) and Different Iron(III) Levels on the Carbohydrate Status, Lipid Profile, and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Female Wistar Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3070
Author(s):  
Halina Zofia Staniek ◽  
Ewelina Król ◽  
Rafał Wojciech Wójciak
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
High Doses

The aim of the study was to evaluate the main and interactive effects of chromium(III) propionate complex (Cr3) supplementation and different iron supply on the carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile and other selected biochemical parameters of rats. The experiment was carried out in a two-factor design, in which rats were fed a diet with different proportions of Fe(III) and Cr(III) for six weeks. Fifty-four healthy female Wistar rats were divided into nine experimental groups with different Fe(III) levels, i.e. adequate—control group (45 mg/kg)—100% recommended daily dietary dose of Fe for rodents, deficient (5 mg/kg) and oversupply (180 mg/kg—400%). At the same time they were supplemented with Cr(III) of doses 1 (adequate), 50 and 500 mg/kg of diet. The activity and concentrations of most biochemical parameters were measured with standard enzymatic, kinetic, and colorimetric methods. HOMA-IR and QUICKI indexes were calculated according to appropriate formulas. It was found that there was an interactive effect of high Cr(III) doses and different Fe(III) levels in the diet on the carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance indexes. The presented results suggested that iron deficient diet fed animals led to insulin resistance; however, an effect is attenuated by Cr(III) supplementation at high doses. There were no significant changes in the rats’ lipid profile (except for the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level) and most of the other biochemical parameters, such as the leptin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total protein (TP), creatinine (Crea) and the urea (BUN) concentrations. The study proved that the Cr(III) supplementation, independently and in combination with diversified Fe(III) content in the diet, affected the carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance indexes but did not affect lipid profile and most of the other biochemical parameters in healthy rats. The findings proved the role of Fe and Cr(III) and their interactions on disturbances carbohydrates metabolism.

Curcumin prevents inflammatory response, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in high fructose fed male Wistar rats: Potential role of serine kinases

2016 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nachimuthu Maithilikarpagaselvi ◽  
Magadi Gopalakrishna Sridhar ◽  
Rathinam Palamalai Swaminathan ◽  
Bobby Zachariah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Serine Kinases

scholarly journals Therapeutics potential of Ocimum basilicum following mercury chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 725-737
Author(s):  
Sunday A. Adelakun ◽  
Olusegun D. Omotoso ◽  
Grace T. Akingbade
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

Globally mercury (Hg) has been reported as one of heavy metal of known toxicity, noted for inducing public health disasters. Present study examines the therapeutics potentials of Ocimum basilicum on mercury chloride (HgCl2) induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Thirty adult Wistar rats randomly divided into six groups (A-F) of five rats each. Group A served as control was given 2 mL/day of distilled water, Group B, C, D, E and F received 500 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of O. basilicum extract, 20 mg/kg/bwt of HgCl2, 40 mg/kg bwt of HgCl2, 20 mg/kg bwt of HgCl2 and 500 mg/kg bwt O. basilicum leave extract, 40 mg/kg bwt and 500 mg/kg bwt O. basilicum administered daily by gastric gavage, for 21 consecutive days. The gross anatomical parameters of the liver and liver histology were assessed. Liver oxidative stress was evaluated by liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. The activities of the biomarker enzymes of the liver (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were assayed). Histological profiles of the liver revealed derangement of the liver cytoarchitecture following consumption of mercury chloride and a marked improvement was observed after O. basilicum administration. Similarly, O. basilicum improved the reduction of antioxidant parameters (SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH) and the increased MDA caused by mercury chloride consumption. O. basilicum thus proffer protection against free radical mediated oxidative stress in mercury chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and other risk factors associated with diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Snežana Mališ Mališ ◽  
Ana Savić Radojević ◽  
Marijana Kovačević ◽  
Olivera Čančar ◽  
Dragana Pavlović Pavlović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Patient Age

Introduction. The aim of the study was to examine whether biomarkersof oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities are among other riskfactors for diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods. The study involved 70 patients with type 2 diabetes (37 males,aged 41 to 81 years) allocated to two groups: one of 32 patients with DNand the other of 38 patients without DN. In the study of oxidative stress 15healthy persons were included. All examined patients were interviewed andunderwent objective examination. Their serum and urine samples were analyzedin order to estimate the quality of glycoregulation and kidney function.Protein thiol groups (P-SH), antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxidedismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] were determined inplasma spectrophotometrically and malondialdehyde-adducts (MDA) byenzyme immunoassay.Results. No significant differences were found between the two groupsfor demographic characteristics, duration and treatment of diabetes, bloodpressure, fasting glucose level and HbA1c. Patients with DN had a higherbody mass index, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) andhigher albuminuria and proteinuria. Plasma activity of GPX and SOD as wellas levels of MDA adducts and P-SH groups were similar in patients with andwithout DN, but GPX and SOD plasma activities were significantly lower andplasma level of MDA significantly higher in all patients than in healthy controls.Patient gender, age, BMI, HbA1c and plasma level of P-SH and MDAwere selected as significant predictors of DN. Patient age, duration of diabetes,serum phosphorus, uric acid levels and plasma SOD activity were negativelyassociated with eGFR. Patient age, serum levels of protein and albuminand plasma GPX activity were negatively, while systolic BP, serum levelsof uric acid and cholesterol were positively associated with proteinuria.Conclusion. Biomarkers of oxidative protein and lipid damage were selectedas risk factors for DN, besides several other well known risk factors.

scholarly journals Galantamine alleviates oxidative stress alongside anti-inflammatory and cardio-metabolic effects in subjects with the metabolic syndrome in a randomized trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Teles Sangaleti ◽  
Keyla Yukari Katayama ◽  
Kátia De Angelis ◽  
Tércio Lemos de Moraes ◽  
Amanda Aparecida Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractBackgroundThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an obesity-driven disorder with pandemic proportions and limited treatment options. Oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation and altered autonomic regulation, are important components of MetS pathophysiology. We recently reported that galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and an FDA-approved drug (for Alzheimer’s disease) alleviates the inflammatory state in MetS subjects. Here we examined the effects of galantamine on oxidative stress in parallel with inflammatory and cardio-metabolic parameters in subjects with MetS.MethodsThe effects of galantamine treatment, 8 mg daily for 4 weeks, followed by 16 mg daily for 8 weeks or placebo were studied in randomly assigned subjects with MetS (n=22 per group) of both genders. Oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase activities, lipid and protein peroxidation, and nitrite levels were analyzed before and at the end of the treatment. In addition, plasma cytokine and adipokine levels, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and other relevant cardio-metabolic indices were analyzed. Autonomic regulation was also examined by heart rate variability (HRV) before treatment, and at every 4 weeks of treatment.ResultsGalantamine treatment significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities, including SOD (+1.65 USOD/mg protein, [95% CI 0.39 to 2.92], P=0.004) and CAT (+0.93 nmol/mg, [95% CI 0.34 to 1.51], P=0.011), decreased lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, -5.45 pmol/mg, [95% CI -10.97 to 0.067], P=0.053) and systemic nitrite levels (-0.05 nit/mg protein, [95% CI -0.21 to 0.10], P=0.038) compared with placebo. In addition, galantamine significantly alleviated the inflammatory state and insulin resistance, and decreased the low frequency/high frequency ratio of HRV, following 8 and 12 weeks of drug treatment.ConclusionLow-dose galantamine alleviates oxidative stress, alongside beneficial anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects, and modulates autonomic regulation in subjects with MetS. These findings are of considerable interest for further studies with galantamine to ameliorate MetS pathophysiology.

scholarly journals Protective role of melatonin against adipose-hepatic metabolic comorbidities in experimentally induced obese rat model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260546
Author(s):  
Mary J. Obayemi ◽  
Christopher O. Akintayo ◽  
Adesola A. Oniyide ◽  
Ayodeji Aturamu ◽  
Olabimpe C. Badejogbin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background Adipose and hepatic metabolic dysfunctions are critical comorbidities that also aggravate insulin resistance in obese individuals. Melatonin is a low-cost agent and previous studies suggest that its use may promote metabolic health. However, its effects on some comorbidities associated with obesity are unknown. Herein, we investigated the hypothesis that melatonin supplementation would attenuate adipose-hepatic metabolic dysfunction in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in male Wistar rats. Materials and methods Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats (n = 6/group) were used: Control group received vehicle (normal saline), obese group received 40% high fat diet, melatonin-treated group received 4 mg/kg of melatonin, and obese plus melatonin group received 40% HFD and melatonin. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks. Results HFD caused increased food intake, body weight, insulin level, insulin resistance and plasma and liver lipid but decreased adipose lipid. In addition, HFD also increased plasma, adipose and liver malondialdehyde, IL-6, uric acid and decreased Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione, nitric oxide and circulating obestatin concentration. However, these deleterious effects except food intake were attenuated when supplemented with melatonin. Conclusion Taken together, the present results indicate that HFD exposure causes adipose-hepatic metabolic disturbance in obese animals, which are accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, the present results suggest that melatonin supplementation attenuates adipose-hepatic metabolic dysfunction, accompanying obesity by suppression of oxidative stress/inflammation-dependent mechanism and increasing circulating obestatin.

scholarly journals Lipids in preeclampsia: pathogenic parallels to atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
V. I. Shcherbakov ◽  
Ya. V. Polonskaya ◽  
E. V. Kashtanova ◽  
A. V. Shirinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lipid Spectrum ◽  
Stress Activation

Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most common and serious complications of pregnancy. In women with a history of PE the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased, and atherosclerosis can be induced even during fetal development. The exact mechanisms by which PE increases future cardiovascular risk are unknown, although multiple similarities between mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular disease and PE are reported. Risk factors for PE, such as obesity, insulin resistance, thrombophilia, changes in the lipid spectrum are similar to those for atherosclerosis, which allows us to compare these two conditions to clarify the specifics and is important for understanding the pathogenesis of both pathologies. PE, as well as atherosclerosis, manifests as endothelial dysfunction, abnormal immune function, oxidative stress, activation of inflammation, changes in lipid metabolism. Recent studies have provided a broader understanding of the problem, although there are still many open questions. The etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases, their possible relationship are not fully understood. The article provides a summary of possible common mechanisms of PE and atherosclerosis.

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