Pre-Sleep Casein Protein Ingestion Does Not Impact Next-Day Appetite, Energy Intake and Metabolism in Older Individuals

Maintaining adequate daily protein intake is important to maintain muscle mass throughout the lifespan. In this regard, the overnight period has been identified as a window of opportunity to increase protein intake in the elderly. However, it is unknown whether pre-sleep protein intake affects next-morning appetite and, consequently, protein intake. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of a pre-sleep protein drink on next-morning appetite, energy intake and metabolism. Twelve older individuals (eight males, four females; age: 71.3 ± 4.2 years) took part in a single-blind randomised cross-over study. After a standardised dinner, participants consumed either a 40-g protein drink, isocaloric maltodextrin drink, or placebo water control before bedtime. Next-morning appetite, energy intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory exchange rate (RER), and plasma acylated ghrelin, leptin, glucose, and insulin concentrations were assessed. No between-group differences were observed for appetite and energy intake at breakfast. Furthermore, RMR, RER, and assessed blood markers were not significantly different between any of the treatment groups. Pre-sleep protein intake does not affect next-morning appetite and energy intake and is therefore a viable strategy to increase daily protein intake in an older population.

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Impact of daily protein and energy intake and distribution on muscle mass and strength in Danish older individuals-The CALM study

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120000518 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Yusuke Nishimura ◽

Grith Hojfeldt ◽

Simon Rønnow Schacht ◽

Kenneth Mertz ◽

Morten Hjulmand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Energy ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Energy Ratio ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Hand Grip

AbstractThe importance of dietary protein for the maintenance of muscle mass and strength is heavily discussed. However, adequate energy intake is an underlying assumption but often not considered. In this study, we investigated the impact of daily intake and meal distribution of both protein and energy on muscle mass and strength. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 184 older individuals (gender: 86F/98M, age: 70.2 ± 3.9 yrs, BMI: 25.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2; means ± SD) were recruited. Participants underwent a 3-day weighed dietary record, Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan, hand-grip strength, and Maximal Voluntary Isometric knee-extension Contraction (MVIC). Participants were divided into two categories: lower (LOW; < 0.83 g/adjusted(a)BW/day) or higher (HIGH; ≥ 1.1 g/aBW/day) protein intake levels analysed by gender to characterize a daily protein and energy intake pattern. Main meal protein and energy intake distributions were calculated, and correlations were made. Further, energy intake at breakfast and lunch divided by total energy intake (energy ratio) was correlated with appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), hand-grip strength, and MVIC were determined using the LOW/HIGH-protein-intake categorization. Further, gender-specific ASMI, hand-grip strength and knee extension were compared based on the following four distinct daily protein intake ranges: < 0.66; ≥ 0.66- < 0.83; ≥ 0.83- < 1.1; ≥ 1.1 g/aBW/day. A positive correlation appeared between protein and energy intake in all main meals (r ≥ 0.57, p < 0.0001). In the LOW category, positive correlations were found between energy ratio and ASMI (r = 0.16, p = 0.048), hand-grip strength (r = 0.40, p = 0.0009), and MVIC (r = 0.36, p = 0.0019), whereas no associations were found in the HIGH category. ASMI, hand grip, and MVIC were similar regardless of the protein intake ranges, though with women being lower than men (p < 0.05) in all outcomes. These results show that total daily protein intake did not affect muscle mass and strength in our cohort. However, our data demonstrate that greater energy intake in breakfast and lunch relative to total energy intake is associated with higher muscle mass and strength, particularly when protein intake is lower than 0.83 g/aBW/day, indicating the potential importance of meal energy content at lower intakes of protein.

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Daily Protein and Energy Intake Are Not Associated with Muscle Mass and Physical Function in Healthy Older Individuals—A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092794 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2794

Author(s):

Grith Højfeldt ◽

Yusuke Nishimura ◽

Kenneth Mertz ◽

Simon R. Schacht ◽

Jonas Lindberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Function ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Dietary protein has a pivotal role in muscle mass maintenance with advancing age. However, an optimal dose and distribution of protein intake across the day as well as the interaction with energy intake for the maintenance of muscle mass and physical function in healthy older adults remain to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between muscle mass, strength, and physical function, and the total amount and distribution of protein and energy intake across the day in healthy older individuals. The research question was addressed in a cross-sectional study including 184 Danish men and woman (age: 70.2 ± 3.9 years, body mass: 74.9 ± 12.1 kg, Body Mass Index (BMI): 25.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2) where a 3-day dietary registration, muscle mass, strength, and functional measurements were collected. We found that neither daily total protein intake nor distribution throughout the day were associated with muscle mass, strength, or physical function. Consequently, we do not provide an incentive for healthy older Danish individuals who already adhere to the current internationally accepted recommended dietary protein intake (0.83 g/kg/day) to change dietary protein intake or its distribution pattern throughout the day.

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Lesser suppression of energy intake by orally ingested whey protein in healthy older men compared with young controls

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00213.2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 309 (8) ◽

pp. R845-R854 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Caroline Giezenaar ◽

Laurence G. Trahair ◽

Rachael Rigda ◽

Amy T. Hutchison ◽

Christine Feinle-Bisset ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Whey Protein ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Young Male ◽

Older Men ◽

Water Control ◽

Elderly Men ◽

Cumulative Energy ◽

Double Blind ◽

Protein Ingestion

Protein-rich supplements are used widely for the management of malnutrition in young and older people. Protein is the most satiating of the macronutrients in young. It is not known how the effects of oral protein ingestion on energy intake, appetite, and gastric emptying are modified by age. The aim of the study was to determine the suppression of energy intake by protein compared with control and underlying gastric-emptying and appetite responses of oral whey protein drinks in eight healthy older men (69–80 yr) compared with eight young male controls (18–34 yr). Subjects were studied on three occasions to determine the effects of protein loads of 30 g/120 kcal and 70 g/280 kcal compared with a flavored water control-drink (0 g whey protein) on energy intake (ad libitum buffet-style meal), and gastric emptying (three-dimensional-ultrasonography) and appetite (0–180 min) in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design. Energy intake was suppressed by the protein compared with control ( P = 0.034). Suppression of energy intake by protein was less in older men (1 ± 5%) than in young controls (15 ± 2%; P = 0.008). Cumulative energy intake (meal+drink) on the protein drink days compared with the control day increased more in older (18 ± 6%) men than young (1 ± 3%) controls ( P = 0.008). Gastric emptying of all three drinks was slower in older men (50% gastric-emptying time: 68 ± 5 min) than young controls (36 ± 5 min; P = 0.007). Appetite decreased in young, while it increased in older ( P < 0.05). In summary, despite having slower gastric emptying, elderly men exhibited blunted protein-induced suppression of energy intake by whey protein compared with young controls, so that in the elderly men, protein ingestion increased overall energy intake more than in the young men.

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HUBUNGAN RIWAYAT SAKIT DAN ASUPAN GIZI (ENERGI DAN PROTEIN) DENGAN STATUS GIZI LANSIA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PADANGMATINGGI KOTA PADANGSIDIMPUAN

Jurnal Ilmiah Perekam dan Informasi Kesehatan Imelda (JIPIKI) ◽

10.52943/jipiki.v4i2.90 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 661-667

Author(s):

Johanna Christy

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Elderly Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

History Of

One of the increasing benchmarks of the progress of a nation is seen from the life expectancy of its population. Increasing life expectancy is reflected in the increasing number of elderly (elderly) population. The increasingly elderly population in Indonesia will have a major impact on the management of health problems. This study aims to see aims to know the history of illness, energy intake and protein intake with nutritional status in the elderly in the work area of Padangmatinggi in Padangsidimpuan Health Center.This research type is quantitative with cross sectional research design. This study was conducted by assessing the food method of food recall 24 hours. Nutritional status with IMT / U. The sample in this study amounted to 100 people who are elderly. Data analysis is univariate, and bivariate with Chi Square Test. The result of bivariate test shows that there is correlation between history of illness (p=0,000), energy intake (p=0.000), and protein intake (p=0.000) with nutritional status. Cadres should more often give counseling about balanced nutrition to the community, especially elderly to improve knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of balanced nutrition in elderly and always monitor nutritional status of elderly through posyandu elderly in order to maintain normal BMI. The health office is more often to monitor the nutritional status and health of the elderly in the working area of Padang municipal health center of Padangsidimpuan in order to maintain the normal nutritional status in the elderly and the elderly to avoid degenerative diseases.

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Daily Leucine Intake Is Positively Associated with Lower Limb Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in the Elderly

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103536 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3536

Author(s):

Manoel E. Lixandrão ◽

Igor Longobardi ◽

Alice E. Leitão ◽

João V. M. Morais ◽

Paul A. Swinton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Protein Intake ◽

The Elderly ◽

Quadriceps Muscle ◽

Future Research ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Anabolic Resistance ◽

Age Related

Higher daily protein intake, with an emphasis on leucine content, is thought to mitigate age-related anabolic resistance, potentially counteracting age-related morphological and functional declines. The present study investigated potential associations between total daily leucine intake and dependent variables, including quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and maximum dynamic muscle strength (1-RM) in a cohort of healthy free-living older individuals of both sexes (n = 67; 34/33 men/women). Participants performed three 24 h dietary recalls and underwent a magnetic resonance imaging exam followed by 1-RM tests. Our results demonstrate moderate associations between total daily leucine and both quadriceps CSA (r = 0.42; p = 0.004) and 1-RM (r = 0.45; p = 0.001). Furthermore, our exploratory biphasic linear regression analyses, adjusted for sex, age, and protein intake relative to body weight, revealed a plateau for daily leucine intake and muscle mass and muscle strength (~7.6–8.0 g·day−1) in older adults. In conclusion, we demonstrated that total daily leucine intake is associated with muscle mass and strength in healthy older individuals and this association remains after controlling for multiple factors, including overall protein intake. Furthermore, our breakpoint analysis revealed non-linearities and a potential threshold for habitual leucine intake, which may help guide future research on the effects of chronic leucine intake in age-related muscle loss.

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Accelerometer Derived Activity Counts and Oxygen Consumption between Young and Older Individuals

Journal of Aging Research ◽

10.1155/2014/184693 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lucas Whitcher ◽

Charilaos Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

The Elderly ◽

Moderate Physical Activity ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Physical Activity Intensity ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Activity Intensity

The purpose of this investigation was to compare accelerometer activity counts and oxygen consumption between young and elderly individuals. Sixteen young (21.3±2.5 yrs) and sixteen elderly (66.6±2.9 yrs) participants completed 30 minutes of resting oxygen consumption to determine resting metabolic rate and four 6 min walking intensities ranging from 27 to 94 m·min−1. Resting oxygen uptake was significantly lower for the older participants. Exercise oxygen consumption was significantly higher for the elderly group. There were no significant differences in activity counts between groups at each of the exercise intensities. When using measured resting metabolic rate, activity counts of 824 and 2207 counts·min−1were associated with moderate (3 METs) physical activity intensity for the older and young participants, respectively. However, using standard resting metabolic rate (3.5 mL·kg−1·min−1), activity counts of 784 and 2009 counts·min−1were associated with moderate physical activity intensity for the elderly and young participants, respectively. These findings indicate that activity counts are similar across age groups even though the oxygen consumption of exercise is greater among elderly individuals.

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Endurance training increases metabolic rate and norepinephrine appearance rate in older individuals

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1991.261.2.e233 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 261 (2) ◽

pp. E233-E239 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

E. T. Poehlman ◽

E. Danforth

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Composition ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Supine Blood Pressure ◽

Appearance Rate ◽

Before And After

We examined the effects of an 8-wk endurance training program (cycling exercise) on resting metabolic rate (RMR) and norepinephrine (NE) kinetics in 19 older persons (64 +/- 1.6 yr). Before and after training, RMR, NE kinetics, maximal O2 consumption (VO2max), body composition, supine blood pressure, estimated energy intake, and fasting levels of glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones were measured. RMR increased 10% after training. Resting concentrations of NE increased 24% after training due to a 21% increase in NE appearance rate and no change in NE clearance. Training increased VO2max (14%; P less than 0.01) and energy intake (12%; P less than 0.01), whereas no change was noted in body composition. Supine blood pressure and plasma glucose were lower after training, whereas no change was noted in fasting levels of plasma insulin. The increase in RMR was associated with a higher rate of NE appearance (r = 0.57; P = 0.05) and with increase in energy intake (r = 0.56; P = 0.05). Together these two factors accounted for 49% (r2) of the variation of the change in RMR. Changes in blood pressure were not associated with changes in NE kinetics. We conclude that endurance training increases total energy expenditure in older individuals by the direct energy cost of physical activity and by elevating RMR. This increase is partially mediated by an increased NE appearance rate and increased food intake in healthy older individuals.

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Medically Treated Opioid Overdoses Among the U.S. Elderly: Trends and Correlates

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 54-54

Author(s):

Peter Treitler ◽

Stephen Crystal ◽

Richard Hermida ◽

Jennifer Miles

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Pain Management ◽

The Elderly ◽

Opioid Use Disorder ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Medicare Beneficiaries ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract High rates of opioid prescribing and comorbid medical conditions increase risk of overdose among older adults. As the US population ages and the rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) increase in the elderly population, there is a need to characterize trends and correlates of overdose in order to more effectively target policy and practice. Using a ~40% random sample of 2015-2017 Medicare beneficiaries ages 65 and older with Part D pharmacy coverage, this study examined medically treated opioid overdoses among US older adults. The sample included 13-14 million beneficiaries per year. The rate of medically treated opioid overdoses among elderly Medicare beneficiaries increased by 15% from 6 per 10,000 in 2015 to 6.9 per 10,000 in 2017. Those with overdose were disproportionately female (63%), non-Hispanic white (83%), with diagnoses of pain conditions (96%), with diagnoses of major depression (63%), and with high rates of conditions that decrease respiratory reserve such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 13% had co-occurring diagnosed alcohol use disorder, 36% were diagnosed with opioid dependence or abuse, and 12% were diagnosed with hepatitis C. Older individuals with overdose represent a complex mix of risk factors; identifying those most at risk (as well as those who have very low risk, whose pain management may be compromised by overly-rigid interpretation of opioid use guidelines) is key in order to address multiple risks, balancing risk reduction with appropriate pain management.

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Effectiveness of Oral Nutritional Supplements on Older People with Anorexia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030835 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 835

Author(s):

Mengqi Li ◽

Si Zhao ◽

Shuang Wu ◽

Xiufen Yang ◽

Hui Feng

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Weight ◽

Older People ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Nutritional Supplements ◽

The Elderly ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽

Positive Effect

Background: Nutrition plays an important role in maintaining the overall health of older people. Inadequate intake may lead to impaired body function, higher morbidity, and mortality. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) showed positive effect on the nutritional status of the elderly; however, systematic evidence is currently lacking on the effect of ONS on the elderly with anorexia. Aims: The current systematic review and meta-analysis included randomized controlled trial (RCT) articles to investigate the effectiveness of ONS on the main aspects of anorexia of aging (AA). Methods: By using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method, researchers independently searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and other gray literature resources for publications that met the inclusion criteria by October 2020. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools were used for quality assessment. The inverse-variance method was used for the fixed model (FM) while the DerSimonian–Laird method was used for the random model (RM). Respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for indices in terms of effect size (ES). Results: 2497 records were found through the systematic search, while 17 RCTs (n = 1204) were included, with a mean age of 81.9 years (range: 74–87 years). Supplementation occurred in the morning, mid-day, and evening, while the times varied from one to three times a day. The results of meta-analysis showed that, generally, ONS had a positive effect on the overall appetite, MD = 0.18, 95% CI (0.03, 0.33), p = 0.02, and consumption, MD = 1.43, 95% CI (0.01, 2.86), p = 0.05; but not significant in terms of other aspects of appetite: hunger, p = 0.73; fullness, p = 0.60; desire to eat, p = 0.80; preoccupation, p = 0.15. Additionally, it showed an increase in the overall energy intake, SMD = 0.46, 95% CI (0.29, 0.63), p < 0.001, in protein intake, SMD = 0.59, 95% CI (0.16, 1.02), p = 0.007, and in fat intake, MD = 3.47, 95% CI (1.98, 4.97), p < 0.001, while no positive effect was found on carbohydrates intake, p = 0.06. Significance differences were also found in the body weight, SMD = 0.53, 95% CI (0.41, 0.65), p < 0.001, and body mass index (BMI), MD = 0.53, 95% CI (0.12, 0.95), p = 0.01. Moreover, subgroup analyses were conducted according to the nutrient density with no positive results showed except for the low-density ONS on overall energy intake. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that ONS had beneficial effects on overall appetite, energy intake, body weight and BMI.

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Effects of a Protein-Rich, Low-Glycaemic Meal Replacement on Changes in Dietary Intake and Body Weight Following a Weight-Management Intervention—The ACOORH Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 376

Author(s):

Martin Röhling ◽

Andrea Stensitzky ◽

Camila L. P. Oliveira ◽

Andrea Beck ◽

Klaus Michael Braumann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Weight Change ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Meal Replacement ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Protein Rich

Although meal replacement can lead to weight reduction, there is uncertainty whether this dietary approach implemented into a lifestyle programme can improve long-term dietary intake. In this subanalysis of the Almased Concept against Overweight and Obesity and Related Health Risk (ACOORH) study (n = 463), participants with metabolic risk factors were randomly assigned to either a meal replacement-based lifestyle intervention group (INT) or a lifestyle intervention control group (CON). This subanalysis relies only on data of participants (n = 119) who returned correctly completed dietary records at baseline, and after 12 and 52 weeks. Both groups were not matched for nutrient composition at baseline. These data were further stratified by sex and also associated with weight change. INT showed a higher increase in protein intake related to the daily energy intake after 12 weeks (+6.37% [4.69; 8.04] vs. +2.48% [0.73; 4.23], p < 0.001) of intervention compared to CON. Fat and carbohydrate intake related to the daily energy intake were more strongly reduced in the INT compared to CON (both p < 0.01). After sex stratification, particularly INT-women increased their total protein intake after 12 (INT: +12.7 g vs. CON: −5.1 g, p = 0.021) and 52 weeks (INT: +5.7 g vs. CON: −16.4 g, p = 0.002) compared to CON. Protein intake was negatively associated with weight change (r = −0.421; p < 0.001) after 12 weeks. The results indicate that a protein-rich dietary strategy with a meal replacement can improve long-term nutritional intake, and was associated with weight loss.

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